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Approaching Translation [ 2006-03-19 12:50 ]
What is translation? This
might be the first question that all translation courses start with. Back in my
high school, this wasn't a question to me at all."Translation is just putting
words from one language into another. So long as one knows the words, the job is
almost done." Yet, several years later, after having received the professional
training for some time, I would hesitate to answer the same question. One of our
professors says, "You won't understand translation, unless you practice it."
So I started to practice, together with my classmates. What we did at the
very beginning was translating single sentences. I thought that it was like a
word game ---- look up the new words, choose a definition, piece it together
with definitions of other words, and there comes a translation. Yes, with some
authoritative dictionaries in hand, it shouldn't have been hard, especially when
sample sentences are given to illustrate the meaning of the words, and the
translation is readily there. Through such exercises, my vocabulary gets
enlarged, and moreover, I come to learn more about the meaning and use of words,
for instance, a walking gentleman is not a gentleman who is walking and a church
key is not a key to any door of a church. We are familiar with the meaning of
the words respectively, but when they are put together, the meaning is
completely different. Very often, we put their literal meanings together, and
thus get a wrong idea. Therefore, it is always important to check it up in
dictionaries. But sometimes, even with several dictionaries on my desk, I failed
to give the translation of sentences that were composed of fewer than ten words,
none of which was new to me. I'm mostly impressed by this sentence "What shall I
go in?" I took it as "what kind of job or work shall I go in", until the
professor added another sentence "for the party tonight". Putting them together
"what shall I go in for the party tonight", obviously this "what" suggests the
clothes the speaker is going to wear. Another example is "What can I do for
you", which we hear frequently in our daily life. But when said by a sales
person and a close friend, the translation varies a lot. The sentences
themselves are not that difficult, nor the translations, if we know the context
or the specific speakers.
So translation concerns not only words, but also the background information.
The more we know about the context, the more accurate the translation will be.
The translation exercises also bring me a deeper understanding of the social
values reflected in the language. The simple word "siblings" can be translated
into more than a dozen Chinese versions, with regard to the ages and genders of
people the word refers to. This is because for more than two thousand years,
Chinese have always attached great importance to courtesy, and the age
differences are bound to classified titles, which reflects the status, power and
influence one has in the family. And family members should address each other
with the fixed titles. The native English speakers usually call their family
members by name, for they don't have such a strict system strengthening ranks
and genders. But they have their own way of showing courtesy, so they often
speak in a quite polite and mild way. To get the implied meaning of their words,
a Chinese might need a second thought. When they say, "It was very nice talking
with you", we may naturally take it as a compliment, and an encouragement for
further conversation. But, in fact, the speaker has omitted the later part of
the sentence "but I must leave now" that suggests an end for the talk. But for
the translation exercises, I might never notice these subtle implications. Some
say that to master a foreign language, one must study its literature. I shall
add that it is equally important to study the translation between the foreign
languages and the mother tongue, because by this close comparison, we will be
aware of the differences in them, which lead to further discovery of the causes
rooted in the cultures and values of the two societies. I think it should be
through this way that we be able to obtain an in-depth understanding of the
languages and much more beyond them.
The interesting case is that, even with precise interpretation of both the
language and its connotation, our translation may not be satisfactory. Our
professor had once been given an English introduction of some kind of fire
engine, and he had been quite responsible ---- making every terminology
accurate, the language highly equivalent, all strictly following the original
text, and few days after he handed in his work, he was invited to the firehouse
to explain how to operate the new machine, of which the firemen had no idea even
after reading his translation. I guess he had done a brilliant translation loyal
to the English version, but unfortunately a poor Chinese introduction for those
firemen. And there I got a question that should translation be author-oriented
or reader-oriented? If the translated version failed the purpose of the original
piece ----- to influence the readers in its designed way, like informing,
persuading, entertaining, arguing, or what ever, then what is the meaning of it?
When a translation is done, it should be an independent being, because ordinary
people will not read it while referring back to the original piece, (if they
understand the source language, why need a translation?) and compare how
faithful the translation is, whether its diction is equivalent and elegant. All
they are looking for is the ideas contained in this very piece in hand.
Therefore, we must have a clear picture of our target readers, analyze their
vocabulary, receptivity, and then the translation itself alone may make sense.
When I applied for a part-time translating job last month, the company staff
told me "Our product is from America which has not yet entered the Chinese
market. We are still applying for licenses from the National Bureau of Science
and Technology and other state departments. We need translations on its English
introduction ---- to Chinese experts, to civil officers, and to our future
customers. Apparently, the 3 versions must have different focuses and language
styles." The speaker was not a language major, but his remarks were very
enlightening to me. I think in translation, we also have something like what we
have in writing ---- "the audience issue". On writing down very word in our
translation, we should always bear in mind the readers' response. We translate
for people not for language. If a bridge beautifully structured cannot fit into
the ground on the other end, can it still be called a bridge? A successful
translation should be one that helps the readers get the author's ideas most
clearly and comfortably, one that bridges the most effective communication.
Therefore, translating can be regarded as a comprehensive and considerate
program on communicating.
It is an interesting journey approaching translation. We
often follow the route that starts from "what" to "how" and finally reaching
"why". I wonder what effect it may be if we reverse the process: first set the
goal, and then choose the passage, and when looking back, it is all there that
what the whole thing is. Perhaps this is the approach to translation on a higher
and more professional level. Translation is not that easy - I must say now after
some practice. Or to be exact - good translation is no easy task at all, as one
of our teachers always reminds us that, "Excellence is a habit". However, it is
a task worth challenging, for only in translating have I experienced and enjoyed
such intimacy with languages.
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