每日新闻播报（ November 1）

>Novelist Louis Cha dies
武侠小说泰斗金庸辞世
Louis Cha Leung-yung, one of the most influential Chinese novelists, and better known under the pen name Jin Yong, died on Tuesday afternoon at Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital surrounded by family members, according to sources close to him. He was 94. Cha was most famous for his wuxia, or martial arts and chivalry, novels. Over 300 million copies of his works have been sold in the Chinese-speaking world. He wrote 15 popular wuxia novels. Cha also founded Hong Kong's major Chinese-language newspaper, Ming Pao, in 1959, and served as its editor-in-chief until retiring in 1989. Tributes poured in after the literary giant's passing. Hong Kong's Chief Executive Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor, on behalf of the Hong Kong SAR government, expressed deep condolences to his family. Hong Kong Screenwriters' Guild President John Chong Ching said Cha was "China's Shakespeare" and the "grandmaster" of Chinese screenwriters.
据知情人士透露，30日下午，查良镛在家人的陪伴下于香港养和医院与世长辞，享年94岁。查良镛是我国最具影响力的小说家之一，以笔名金庸更为大众所熟知。查良镛最著名的便是他的武侠小说，其作品在华语世界的销量超过3亿册。他共创作了15部脍炙人口的武侠小说。1959年，查良镛还创办了香港主要华语报纸《明报》，1989年退休前一直担任该报总编。在这位文坛巨匠去世后，各界人士纷纷致哀。香港特首林郑月娥代表香港特区政府向查良镛的家人致以深切的哀悼。香港电影编剧家协会会长庄澄表示，查良镛是"中国的莎士比亚"，也是中国编剧界的泰斗。

>Trump targets US citizenship
川普欲废除'出生公民权'
On Tuesday, US President Donald Trump said he will try to end the right to citizenship for babies born in the US to noncitizens. He will issue an executive order, he said, to override the 14th Amendment of the Constitution, which states that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." "We're the only country in the world where a person comes in and has a baby, and the baby is essentially a citizen of the United States ... with all of those benefits," Trump said in an interview with Axios news website. But he's wrong. At least 30 countries subscribe to the principle of jus soli, wherein a person's citizenship is based on the territory of his or her birth. Simply put, birthright citizenship. Jus soli is law in Canada, the US and nearly every country in South and Central America.
美国总统特朗普30日表示，他将寻求终止非美国公民在美国出生子女的公民权。特朗普表示，他将签署一项行政令推翻美国宪法第14修正案。第14修正案规定："所有在美国出生或者入籍并接受其司法管辖的人，都是美国和他们所居住州的公民"。特朗普在接受Axios新闻网采访时称："美国是世界上唯一一个只要你进来生个孩子，这个孩子本质上就成为美国公民的国家……享受所有福利。"事实并非如此。至少30个国家实行国籍出生地原则，即一个人的国籍根据其出生地决定，简言之就是出生公民权。国籍出生地原则在加拿大、美国以及南美州和中美州的几乎所有国家是法律。

>Children breathe toxic air
九成儿童呼吸有毒空气
More than nine out of every 10 children on Earth are breathing toxic air on a daily basis, which stunts their brain development and causes deadly diseases, according to a major report by the World Health Organization (WHO). While air pollution is an increasingly recognized problem, which costs the global economy more than $5 trillion a year, it is "uniquely damaging" to children's health, the WHO warns. It reports that 93% of children, including 630 million under 5, live in areas where pollutants breach WHO-recommended safety levels, and even in wealthier countries, 52% of under-fives are routinely breathing harmful air. "Polluted air is poisoning millions of children and ruining their lives," said WHO director general Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. "This is inexcusable. Every child should be able to breathe clean air so they can grow and fulfill their full potential."
根据世界卫生组织的一份重要报告，全球超过九成儿童每天都在呼吸阻碍其大脑发育并引发致命疾病的有毒空气。世卫组织警告称，空气污染越来越成为公认的问题，每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的损失，但空气污染对儿童健康的"危害非同寻常"。世卫组织报告称，93%的儿童(包括6.3亿5岁以下儿童)所生活的地区污染物水平超过世卫组织推荐的安全线，即便在较富裕的国家，也有52%的5岁以下儿童常年呼吸有害空气。世卫组织总干事谭德塞博士说："被污染的空气正在毒害数百万儿童并毁掉他们的生活。这不可原谅。每个儿童都应当能够呼吸清洁的空气，这样他们才能成长并充分发挥其潜力。"

>Petition to move Halloween
美发起万圣节改期请愿
The Halloween & Costume Association has started a national petition in the US to formally change the date of Halloween. The change.org petition, which already has nearly 32,000 signature, demands that all Halloween celebrations take place on the last Saturday of October going forward, rather than the 31st. In the petition, the association argues that changing the date would make it a "safer, longer, stress-free celebration." Throughout the comments on the petition, parents enumerate the benefits to a Saturday Halloween: no school the next day, trick or treating during daylight hours, more one-on-one parent-child time, etc. Then there are the haters. "This is ridiculous. People already celebrate the weekend before regardless of what day of the week it falls on," one user writes on Facebook. "This is just to sell more costumes and decorations."
万圣节及服饰协会发起了一项全美请愿活动，想要正式修改万圣节的日期。这项发布在change.org网站上的请愿已经征集到近3.2万个签名，请愿要求今后所有万圣节庆祝在10月最后一个周六，而不是10月31日举行。该协会在请愿书中称，更改万圣节日期将使其成为"更安全、更持久、更放松"的节日。家长们在请愿活动的评论中列举了将万圣节改在周六的好处：第二天孩子不用上学，可以在白天玩"不给糖果就捣蛋"，更多的一对一亲子时间等。但也有人表示反对。一位网友在脸书上写道："这太荒唐了。不论万圣节是一周中的哪天，人们都已经在之前的周末庆祝过了。这纯粹是为了卖更多的服饰和装饰品。"

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