反食品浪费法实施 点餐浪费可能要收垃圾处理费

4月29日，十三届全国人大常委会第二十八次会议表决通过了反食品浪费法，自公布之日起施行。

Under the newly enacted law, catering service providers could face a fine ranging from 1,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan if they encourage or mislead consumers into ordering excessive quantities of food which causes waste, and refuse to rectify the problem after being warned by market supervision departments.
该法规定，餐饮服务提供者诱导、误导消费者超量点餐造成明显浪费的，由市场监督管理部门给予警告，拒不改正的，处一千元以上一万元以下罚款。

【知识点】

该法所称食品浪费（food waste），是指对可安全食用或者饮用的食品未能按照其功能目的合理利用（failure to consume food that is safe to eat or drink in the way it is supposed to be consumed），包括废弃、因不合理利用导致食品数量减少或者质量下降等。

反食品浪费法的其他规定还包括：

Catering arrangements for work-related events should be based on the actual circumstances and all the details such as amount of dishes and way of dining should follow the principle of frugality and not go beyond the standard thereof.
公务活动需要安排用餐的，应当根据实际情况，节俭安排用餐数量、形式，不得超过规定的标准。

Catering service providers can reward customers who eat everything they order.
餐饮服务经营者可以对参与“光盘行动”的消费者给予奖励。

Catering service providers could charge customers who leave excessive amount of leftovers a disposal fee, but rates for the charge must be clearly advertised.
餐饮服务经营者可以对造成明显浪费的消费者收取处理厨余垃圾的相应费用，收费标准应当明示。

【单词讲解】

这里的leftover用作名词，表示“剩饭菜”，如果用形容词形式来表示就是leftover food。其实leftover这个词来源于动词短语leave over，表示“遗留，留下（以后再用）”，比如：leave this pie over for tomorrow（这个派留着明天吃），换成被动语态就是we can have the pie left over from yesterday（我们可以吃昨天剩下的派）。

The law also clarifies the ban on making or broadcasting programs or videos related to excessive eating, noting that violators who refuse to rectify the problem after being warned by regulatory agencies will be fined from 10,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan.
该法还明确，禁止制作、传播宣扬量大多吃、暴饮暴食等浪费食品的节目或者音视频信息。违反规定的，由管理部门责令整改，给予警告；拒不改正，处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。

粮食安全问题不容忽视

China's annual grain output remained above 650 million tonnes for five consecutive years during the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) period, but food waste has been a lingering problem that poses a potential threat to the country's food security.
十三五时期，我国粮食产量连续五年保持在6.5亿吨以上，然而，一直存在的食品浪费问题，威胁到我国的粮食安全。

【单词讲解】

Food security强调的是确保人们都能得到维持健康生活所需要的粮食，主要跟粮食的供应和人们获取的渠道有关，我们称为“粮食安全”；而food safety强调的是确保人们吃进嘴里的食物在生产、存储和销售等环节都符合卫生健康标准，即“食品安全”。

Approximately 18 billion kg of food is wasted every year in China's urban catering industry, according to a report based on nationwide field research carried out by NPC deputies.
人大代表在全国范围内进行的实地调查显示，我国城市餐饮行业每年大约浪费180亿公斤食物。

The country also sees over 35 billion kg of grain loss at pre-consumption stages including storage, transportation and processing, the report added.
调查报告指出，我国每年在粮食储存、运输及加工等餐桌外环节的粮食损失高达350亿公斤以上。

【相关词汇】

粮食安全 food security

食品安全 food safety

资源节约型社会 resource-conserving society

低碳生活方式 low-carbon lifestyle

套餐 set meals

厨余垃圾 kitchen waste

参考来源：中国日报网、新华网

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）