每日新闻播报（September 6）

>World's northernmost island
研究人员发现'最北'岛屿

Scientists have discovered what is believed to be the world's northernmost landmass - a yet-to-be-named island north of Greenland that could soon be swallowed up by seawaters.
研究人员意外发现了据信为地球"最北端"的岛屿，这个尚未命名的岛屿位于格陵兰岛北部，可能很快就会被海水吞没。

Researchers came upon the landmass on an expedition in July, and initially thought they had reached Oodaaq, up until now the northernmost island on the planet.
研究人员在今年7月的一次探险中偶然发现了这个岛屿，起初他们以为自己已经到达了欧达克岛，也就是迄今为止地球上最北端的岛屿。

"We were informed that there had been an error on my GPS, which had led us to believe that we were standing on Oodaaq Island," said the head of the mission, Morten Rasch from Copenhagen University's department of geosciences and natural resource management.
本次任务的负责人、哥本哈根大学地球科学和自然资源管理系的莫滕•拉施说："我们被告知导航出错，让我们误以为自己站在了欧达克岛上。"

Oodaaq is some 700 kilometers south of the North Pole, while the new island is 780 meters north of Oodaaq. But it is only 30 to 60 meters above sea level, and Rasch said it could be a "short-lived islet".
欧达克岛距离北极大约700公里，新发现的岛屿在欧达克岛以北780米。但岛屿海拔仅有30米到60米，拉施说，它可能是一个"短命的小岛"。

>Task force to remove gum waste
英国征收口香糖'清理费'

Chewing gum producers have signed up to a ￡10 million task force to remove the sticky scourge from our high streets. The cash pledge by Mars Wrigley, GlaxoSmithKline and Italian-Dutch multinational company Perfetti Van Melle will help tackle the gum litter that costs ￡7 million a year to remove from pavements.
口香糖生产商玛氏箭牌、葛兰素史克以及意荷跨国公司不凡帝范梅勒已签署协议，在未来五年内共同出资1000万英镑，成立"口香糖工作组"，以清理英国大街上黏稠的口香糖。清理人行道上的口香糖垃圾每年要耗资700万英镑。

Working with Keep Britain Tidy, the firms will invest the money over the next five years to encourage people to bin it instead.
几家公司将与环保机构"保持英国清洁"合作，将"清理费"用于鼓励人们把口香糖垃圾扔进垃圾桶。

Around 87% of England's streets are stained by chewing gum waste, according to Keep Britain Tidy.
根据该机构调查，目前仅英格兰地区被口香糖污染的街道就高达87%。

Pilot tests have shown that gum litter can be reduced by up to 64% when people are asked to change their behavior.
初步试验显示，当人们被要求改变做法时，口香糖垃圾可减少多达64%。

Littering is a criminal offence, and offenders face on-the-spot penalties of ￡150, rising to up to ￡2,500 if convicted in court.
在英国，乱扔垃圾是一种刑事犯罪行为，违规者可被当场罚款150英镑，如果在法庭上被定罪，将面临高达2500英镑的罚款。

>Sedentary time increases stroke risk
每天坐8小时中风风险高7倍

Adults under 60 who spend most of their days sitting have a higher risk of stroke compared to those who spend more time being physically active, a new study finds. People who reported sitting eight or more hours daily and were not very physically active otherwise were seven times more at risk of having a stroke than people who spent fewer than four hours being sedentary and at least 10 minutes exercising each day, according to a study published in Stroke from the American Heart Association.
一项发表在美国心脏协会出版的期刊《卒中》上的最新研究发现，对于年龄在60岁以下的成年人来说，如果每天绝大多数的时间都是坐着的，那么与经常锻炼的人相比，中风的风险会高出数倍。报告称，那些每天坐8小时或以上、且极少锻炼的人，中风的可能性要比那些每天坐着的时间不超过4小时、且每天至少锻炼10分钟的人高出7倍。

Researchers included the health information of 143,000 adults from the Canadian Community Health Survey in their analysis. The scientists followed the participants, who were 40 years and older with no prior history of stroke, for an average of 9.4 years.
研究人员对来自加拿大社区健康调查项目的14.3万名成年人的健康信息进行了平均长达9.4年的跟踪调查，参与者年龄均在40岁以上，且无中风病史。

"Sedentary time is thought to impair glucose, lipid metabolism and blood flow, and increase inflammation in the body," said lead study author Dr. Raed Joundi, clinical scholar at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. "These changes, over time, may have adverse effects on the blood vessels and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke."
研究报告的主要作者、加拿大安大略省麦克马斯特大学临床学者瑞德•琼迪博士说："久坐被认为会影响血糖、脂质代谢和血液流动，增加体内炎症。时间一长，这些身体变化可能会给血管带来负面影响，增加心脏病发作和中风的风险。"

>Sleeping problem elevates risk for dementia
老年人睡眠差加速大脑退化

Older adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia and other cognitive issues, a new study finds.
一项新研究发现，每晚睡眠时间不足6个小时的老年人患痴呆症和其他认知障碍的风险会增高。

Researchers at Stanford University measured the dementia risk and cognitive abilities of seniors ages 65 to 85, finding higher risk in patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours.
斯坦福大学的研究人员通过对年龄在65岁到85岁之间的老年人的痴呆风险和认知能力测评发现，平时睡眠不足6个小时的人相比睡7个或8个小时的人痴呆风险更高。

Seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues, but the researchers didn't find the same high dementia risk in this group.
平时睡9个小时以上的人也出现了认知能力低下和其他健康问题，但是研究人员发现该群体的痴呆风险不像睡眠不足的人群这么高。

This disruption may be linked to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, impacting seniors' ability to remember information, problem-solve, and go through everyday tasks.
睡眠紊乱可能和老年痴呆症或其他类型的痴呆症有关，影响着老年人记忆信息、解决问题的能力，并会影响日常行为。

Sleep disruption can also be caused by - or heighten - depression, cardiovascular disease, and other conditions.
睡眠紊乱还可能由抑郁症、冠心病和其他疾病导致或加剧这些病症。

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