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你问我答

辨析表示“得到”的三个动词:gain, obtain, earn

内容简介

一位网友想知道动词 “gain”、“obtain” 和 “earn” 之间的区别,因为它们都有 “获得,得到” 的意思。想区分这三个词的用法,首先要知道它们能与哪些名词搭配使用。思考一下:在它们三个当中,哪个词最常用与名词 “experience” 搭配,表示 “获得经验”?在正式的书面文字中,应用哪个词表示 “获得(官方授权)”?听节目。

文字稿

(关于台词的备注:请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)

Jiaying
大家好!欢迎收听 BBC英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。I'm Jiaying.

Beth
And I'm Beth. Welcome.

Jiaying
本期节目的问题来自一位网友,问题是这样的:

Question
单词 “gain”、“obtain” 和 “earn” 有什么区别呢?我看到一道题:Though l am a new worker in this office, I have _____ some experience. 请问该选哪个呢?我主要是疑惑 “gain” 和 “obtain”。

Jiaying
“Gain”、“obtain” 和 “earn” 都可以作动词使用,表示 “得到,获得” 一样东西。

Beth
Though they all have a similar meaning, it's important to know which words commonly appear next to these verbs. That's how you can know which one to use.

Jiaying
That's right. 想区分这三个词的用法,关键需要记住它们多与哪些名词搭配使用,从而更好地判断应该使用哪个动词来表达 “得到” 特定的事物。

Beth
'Gain' is used with many nouns. It's semi-formal, so can be used in many situations, often positive.

Jiaying
是的,动词 “gain” 表示 “逐渐地获得、赢得一样东西”,尤其是好的或有用的东西,它的正式程度居中。比如:“gain experience(积累经验)”、“gain access(获取权限或机会)”、“gain acceptance(得到认可)”、“gain support(获得支持)”、“gain confidence(树立自信)”。听两个例句。

Examples
I hope to gain enough experience in this job that will lead to a promotion.
(我希望能在这份工作中获得足够的经验,从而获得晋升。)

Despite being the youngest, he hoped to gain acceptance from his new colleagues.
(虽然他是团队中最年轻的,但他希望得到新同事们的认可。)

Jiaying
了解了 “gain” 的这个用法,就不难看出,问题中句子的空白处应该填 “gain” 的过去分词 “gained(获得了)”:Though l am a new worker in this office, I have gained some experience.(虽然我是这个办公室里的新员工,但我已经积累了一些经验)。

Beth
Let's look at 'obtain'. This is frequently used in formal situations and is therefore commonly used with formal nouns, often related to something official.

Jiaying
没错,动词 “obtain” 的意思也是 “获得”,但它多用于正式场合中,后面接的名词也相对正式,所以可能会出现在书面文字中,强调 “获得来自官方的授权或许可”。此外,“obtain” 的后面还可以接表示一样实物的名词,比如 “letter(信件)” 和 “certificate(证书)”。听两个例句。

Examples
We were unable to obtain authorisation for this transaction.
(我们无法获得这笔交易的授权。)

Graduates can obtain their certificates from 10am this morning.
(毕业生可以从今天上午10点起领取证书。)

Beth
'Earn' is commonly used in relation to getting something you deserve, particularly money or benefits for work you do. For example, you can 'earn a salary', 'earn interest' and 'earn respect'.

Jiaying
动词 “earn” 更常用来表示 “赚钱”。比如:“earn a salary(挣工资)”、“earn interest(赚取利息)”。此外,“earn” 还可以表示 “(因品德良好或做了好事而)赢得、博得”。比如:“earn respect(获得尊重)”。听两个例句。

Examples
She earns quite a bit more money in her new job.
(她的新工作挣的钱要比以前多很多。)

He earned a lot of respect when he volunteered to help clean up.
(他志愿帮忙打扫卫生后赢得了他人的尊重。)

Beth
So, there we have 'gain', 'obtain' and 'earn'. OK, Jiaying. Let's summarise.

Jiaying
好的。归纳一下:动词 “gain(逐渐地获得)” 后面常接有积极含义的名词,它的正式程度居中。动词 “obtain” 的意思也是 “获得”,但它多出现在正式的书面文字中,强调 “获得官方的许可或授权”;动词 “earn” 则更常用来表示 “赚钱”,还可以表示 “(因品德良好或做了好事而)赢得,博得”。

Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Jiaying
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone.

Beth
Bye!

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