李克强总理答中外记者问（双语全文）

[中国日报记者]总理您好。您在报告里讲改革要有壮士断腕的决心、背水一战的气概，还要抓住牵一发动全身的举措，那么今年您觉得最应该从哪些领域突破？谢谢总理。

China Daily: In your government work report, you said that the government will pursue reform with utmost determination and focus on those reform steps that will have an overall impact. I would like to ask: what is the top priority on the government reform agenda this year?

[李克强]党的十八届三中全会提出要全面深化改革，也就是要把改革贯穿到经济社会发展的各个领域、各个环节。我回想了一下，去年以来国务院开了40次常务会议，其中有30次是研究改革相关的议题，即使是其他议题我们也是在用改革的精神研究和推进的。其基本取向那就是让市场发力、激活社会的创造力，政府尽应尽的责任，让人民受惠。这也使我回想起30多年前，我在农村作村干部，那时候起早贪黑，恨不得把每个劳动力当天干什么都给定下来，结果呢？到头来就是吃不饱肚子。后来搞承包制，放开搞活，农民自己决定干什么、怎么种，几年时间温饱问题就解决了。当然，我们现在推进全面深化改革，实现目标要有个过程，但古人说“吾道一以贯之”，只要我们锲而不舍，假以时日，必有成效。

Li Keqiang: It was decided at the third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee that we will pursue a comprehensive deepening of reform in China. This means that reform will be carried out in all areas of China’s economic and social development. Since last year, the State Council has altogether convened 40 executive meetings. Thirty of them are directly related to reform topics. And the rest of the topics are also studied and pursued with the spirit of reform. The ultimate goal of reform is to energize the market and stimulate creativity of the society. The government needs to perform its duties well to bring benefits to the people. Your question reminds me of those days I spent in a rural village as a cadre more than 30 years ago. During that time, I worked very hard around the clock. I was anxious to plan out the share of work for each and every villager for the day. But still, with all the hard work, we still didn’t have enough to eat. But later, land was contracted to local villagers, past restrictions were lifted, and peasants were able to decide for themselves what they wanted to grow on the contracted land and what they wanted to do. In just a few years’ time, food and clothing was no longer a problem. To comprehensively deepen reform in China will take time. But our ancestors believe that one needs to be persistent in one’s pursuit of the objective. With persistent efforts over time, I believe we will be able to achieve our goal.

我们要全面深化改革，但是也要抓牵牛鼻子的改革，在重点领域要有所突破。今年我们还要继续推进简政放权，让市场发力，有效规范地发挥作用；还要把财税金融改革作为重头戏，包括给小微企业减免税费方面有新的举措，给市场助力；以结构改革推进结构调整，深化国企改革，发展混合所有制经济，放宽市场准入，尤其是在服务业领域，像医疗、养老、金融等，让市场增强竞争力。诸多的改革我在政府工作报告当中都说了，这里就不再赘述了，关键还在于推进落实。当然，改革会触动利益、会动“奶酪”，你放权，有些人的权就少了。放宽市场准入，增强市场竞争力，现有的一些企业就会感到压力。但是为了释放改革红利，尤其是让广大人民受惠，我们义无反顾。谢谢。

In the course of comprehensively deepening reform, we certainly need to stay focused on key reform initiatives, and seek breakthroughs in key areas. This year, we will continue to streamline administration and delegate power to let the market fully play its role in an effective and well-regulated manner. We will take fiscal, tax and financial reforms as priorities. For example, new steps will be taken to ease the tax burden on micro and small businesses to boost market vitality. We will pursue structural reform to boost structural adjustment. In this area, we will deepen reform of state-owned enterprises, vigorously develop a mixed-ownership economy and ease market access, especially in the service sector, such as health care, old-age support and financial services to boost market competition. I have set out in detail the reform initiatives we are going to take this year in my government work report. I will not elaborate on it here. The crucial thing is to ensure that all reform measures will be fully implemented. In the course of reform, the vested interests will be shaken up and some people’s cheese will be moved, so to speak. For example, in the course of power delegation, some government departments will find fewer powers in their hands. In boosting market competition and easing market access, some existing companies will feel greater pressure. But in order to further release the dividends of reform and bring greater benefits to our people, we will carry through the reform without hesitation.

[台湾东森电视台记者]总理，您好。我们都知道两岸现在迎来了一个好的机遇，在今年过完年之后，两岸主管事务部门负责人见了面，而且习主席也与中国国民党荣誉主席连战见面，并且发表了重要谈话。我的问题是，两岸现在的交流以及互动非常密切，大家也非常希望两岸关系有新的突破。请问您对新的一年两岸关系发展有什么样的期待？谢谢。

ETTV of Taiwan: We now see a great opportunity for further growth of cross-Straits relations. Shortly after the Chinese New Year, the competent departments of the two sides of the Taiwan Straits held a meeting. General Secretary Xi Jinping met with KMT Honorary Chairman Lien Chan, and made important remarks on cross-Straits relations. There has been very close exchange and cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits. People on both sides hope to see new breakthrough in cross-Straits ties. What is your expectation for cross-Straits ties this year?

[李克强]两岸是手足同胞，一家人，此话可以说常讲常新。你刚才列举了两岸关系进展的一些事实，我也想讲一件很有趣的事。去年两岸的媒体共同把“进”字作为两岸年度汉字。这个字可以说反映了两岸关系和平发展的趋势，也反映了两岸民众的期待，我也期待着在新的一年两岸关系有新的进展，再进一步。我认为两岸关系中重要的内容是人员往来和经贸合作。去年两岸人员往来已经突破800万人次，创历史新高，希望继续保持这样一个好势头。两岸还在就ECFA后续协议进行商谈，希望早出成果，造福两岸的民众和有关企业。借此机会也请你转达我对台湾同胞新的一年的祝福。谢谢。

Li Keqiang: People on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are compatriots and members of one family. This is always true and highly relevant. Just now, you mentioned a few important events in the recent development of cross-Straits ties. Let me also share one interesting anecdote. Last year, media of the two sides of the Taiwan Straits jointly selected the Chinese character “进”, or “progress” in English, as “Chinese Character of the Year”. I believe this shows the trend of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and represents the common wish of people on both sides. I hope to see even greater and new progress in cross-Straits ties this year. I believe people-to-people exchange and business cooperation are important components of cross-Straits relations. Last year, over 8 million visits were exchanged between people of the two sides, reaching a new high. We hope such good momentum will be kept. Moreover, the two sides are also in consultation of a follow-up to the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA). We hope to see early results out of the consultations so that greater benefits can be delivered to people and businesses of both sides. Please also convey my New Year greetings to our Taiwan compatriots.

[新华社和新华网记者]总理你好，房地产问题一直是社会持续关注的问题，今年两会上也有代表委员提了很多的建议和意见。那么请问总理，政府在这方面有没有什么新的思路和新的举措？谢谢。

Xinhua News Agency: The housing issue has always been a hot topic among the Chinese society. During this year’s two sessions, many deputies and members put forward their suggestions and views on this topic. I would like to ask what will be the new ideas and measures of the government on this issue?

[李克强]房地产问题是个大问题，它直接关系到居民住房问题。让人民群众住有所居，这应该是政府奋斗的目标。我们需要根据不同人群的需求，不同城市的情况，分类施策、分城施策。政府还是要用更多的精力、更大的力度来解决好群众的基本住房需求问题。现在我们国家城镇集中连片的棚户区还居住着上亿人，可以说不具备基本的生存条件。几百个人一个旱厕，特别是北方，到了冬天居民入睡要带着棉帽、穿着棉衣，这可以说是政府心头之痛。所以今年我们要继续加大棚户区改造的力度，至少要再改造470万套以上。当然，我们也要推进公租房等保障房建设，并且实行公平分配，让新就业的年轻人和长期进城务工的人员缓解住房困难。在这方面，我认为干一寸胜过说一尺。对于合理的自住需求，也要有相应的政策支持，包括增加普通商品房供应。对房地产市场则是要因城因地分类进行调控，抑制投机投资性需求，重在建立长效机制，促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。谢谢。

Li Keqiang: The real estate issue is a big issue, as it directly concerns home of the people. The goal of the government is to ensure adequate housing for the people. We need to take differential measures in response to diverse needs and in light of different situations in different cities. I believe the government needs to focus on and do more to meet the people’s basic housing needs. Now, up to 100 million people still live in those contiguous poor urban rundown areas, and these people lack their basic living conditions. For example, several hundred people have to share one toilet, and in places in Northern China, people have to wear cotton-padded coats and hats when they go to sleep on a winter night. This is deeply distressing for the government. We will rebuild more rundown areas this year, and the goal is to rebuild at least over 4.7 million rundown houses. At the same time, we will also build more government-subsidized housing, such as public rental housing to ease the housing difficulty of those young people who have just entered workforce and rural migrant workers, and ensure that these housing units will be distributed equitably. In this regard, even a small action is a lot more important than a thousand words. There will be policy support for reasonable housing needs for self-living. The government will increase the supply of ordinary commercial housing. We will take a differential approach in regulating the housing market for different places. We will curb the housing needs for speculation and investment purposes, and establish a long-term mechanism to promote steady and sound growth of the housing market.