你问我答
哪些动词后可以跟两个宾语?
内容简介
一位听众来信询问哪些常见的动词和动词短语后可以跟两个宾语。要想掌握这个知识点,首先要明白直接宾语和间接宾语之间的区别。除此之外,动词后跟有两个宾语的句子结构通常是 “双宾语结构” 或 “介词性结构”。本期节目将对以上概念进行详细讲解。
文字稿
(关于台词的备注:请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)
Jiaying
大家好,欢迎收听 BBC英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。I'm Jiaying.
Beth
And I'm Beth. Welcome!
Jiaying
本期节目的问题来自一位听众,问题是这样的:
Question
I'd like to ask about phrases and words with two objects. Thanks!
Jiaying
下面,我们就说说有哪些动词作谓语时,句子中常包含两个宾语。首先,这位听众的问题中提到的 “two objects” 应该就是直接宾语和间接宾语。
Beth
A direct object follows a verb or a phrasal verb. For example, in the sentence 'I make a cake', 'I' is the subject, 'make' is the verb and 'a cake' is the direct object.
Jiaying
没错,直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者,直接跟在动词或动词短语的后面。比如:I make a cake.(我烤一个蛋糕。)这里,主语是 “I”,谓语动词是 “make”,直接宾语就是 “a cake”。
间接宾语则是受谓语动词和直接宾语影响的人或物,是名词或代词。比如:I make you a cake.(我为你烤一个蛋糕。)这里,直接宾语还是 “a cake”,间接宾语则是人称代词 “you”。
Beth
There are many verbs and phrasal verbs that are frequently followed by two objects, and there are two patterns they tend to follow. We can call these the 'double-object pattern' and the 'prepositional pattern'.
Jiaying
是的,许多动词和动词短语的后面常常跟着两个宾语。动词后有两个宾语的句子往往分为以下两类:第一类被称作 “双宾语结构”;第二类则被称作 “介词性结构”。
先来看第一类 “双宾语结构”,也就是 “主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”。这类句子中常见的动词有 “give”、“take” 和 “buy”。听三个例句。
Examples
I'll give you a present later.
(我稍后会给你一份礼物。)
He takes her a coffee every morning.
(他每天早上给她带一杯咖啡。)
I bought my sister a phone because her old one broke.
(我给我妹妹买了一部新手机,因为她的旧手机坏了。)
Beth
These verbs can all follow the 'prepositional pattern'. This means it's possible to change the order of the objects in sentences with 'give' and 'take' by adding the preposition 'to', and with 'buy' we add the preposition 'for'.
Jiaying
动词 “give”、“take” 和 “buy” 所在的句子还可以变成前面说到的第二类 “介词性结构”,也就是 “主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语”。当谓语动词为 “give” 或 “take” 的时候,介词是 “to”,用来说明动作的方向,可以理解为 “对谁做某事”;当谓语动词是 “buy” 的时候,介词用 “for”,用来说明动作的目的或对象,可以理解为 “为谁做某事”。听三个例句。
Examples
I'll give a present to you later.
(我稍后会给你一份礼物。)
He takes a coffee to her every morning.
(他每天早上给她带一杯咖啡。)
I bought a phone for my sister because her old one broke.
(我给我妹妹买了一部新手机,因为她的旧手机坏了。)
Beth
Phrasal verbs only follow the 'prepositional pattern'.
Jiaying
注意:当谓语动词是动词短语时,句子则只能是 “介词性结构”。听两个例句。
Examples
My sister gave away her old clothes to charity.
(我姐姐把她的旧衣物捐给了慈善机构。)
The students handed in their homework to the teacher.
(学生们把作业交给了老师。)
Beth
There are lots of other verbs and phrasal verbs that can be used with direct and indirect objects, like 'write', 'tell', 'bring', and 'hand out', 'turn over' and 'give out', and there are many more.
Jiaying
是的,英语中还有很多其它可以与直接宾语和间接宾语使用的动词和动词短语。比如:“write”、“tell” 和 “bring” 以及 “hand out”、“turn over” 和 “give out”。
总结一下:当 “give”、“take” 等动词作谓语时,句子中常包含两个宾语。比如:I'll give you a present. 当直接宾语前置时,两个宾语之间应加介词 “to”。比如:He takes a coffee to her every morning.
此外,当 “buy”、“make”、“build” 等动词作谓语、直接宾语前置时,两个宾语之间应加介词 “for”。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。谢谢收听本期 “你问我答” 节目。Bye, everyone.
Beth
Bye!