你问我答

“None of them are…”这类句型的用法

内容简介

一位听众想知道 “all of them are not…”、“some of them are not…” 和 “none of them are…” 之间的区别。虽然这三个句型都包含否定词 “not” 或 “none”，但它们当中有的是全部否定，有的是部分否定。本期节目以 “None/some/not all of the shops are open.” 为例，辨析这三个句型的用法。

文字稿

（关于台词的备注:请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Jiaying
大家好，欢迎收听 BBC英语教学制作的 “你问我答” 节目。 I'm Jiaying.

Phil
And I'm Phil. We've got a question from one of our listeners.

Question
你好，我想问一下 “all of them are not…” 和 “some of them are not…” 以及 “none of them are…” 三者之间否定范围的区别，尤其是 “all of them are not…”，有人告诉我这个结构是部分否定，但有人说是全部否定，这令我很困惑。

Jiaying
根据句子中主语的单复数形式和句子的时态，这三个句型中的系动词 “be” 会相应地发生改变。为了便于大家的理解，我们在下面的讲解中均使用 “are”。

先来看最简单直观、最容易理解的一个，就是 “none of them are…”。

Phil
Yes, let's start there. 'None of them are…' is probably the easiest. If we say that 'none of the shops are open', it means that 'zero shops are open'. They're all shut.

Jiaying
“None of the shops are open.” 的意思是 “没有一家商店开门”，也就是 “开门的商店数量为零”。“None of them are…” 表示 “没有一个是…，全不是…”。再听两个使用了这个句型的例句。

Examples
None of these cars are cheap. They're all luxury models.
（这些汽车都不便宜。它们全是豪华车型。）

We're fully booked. None of our rooms are available.
（我们这里满房。一间空房也没有了。）

Jiaying
接下来说一说另一个相对较容易理解的句型：“some of them are not…”。它的意思是 “不全是…，有一些不是…”。

Phil
This one is fairly clear – what it means is that some are, and some aren't. We need something to refer to, so let's use our shops example from earlier. If you say 'some of the shops are not open', then you mean that there are shops that are not open and there are shops that are open.

Jiaying
是的，让我们用前面举的商店有没有开门的例子来进一步解释这个句型。“Some of the shops are not open.” 的意思是 “有一些商店没有开门”，也就是 “有一些商店没开门，但有一些开门了”。听两个例句。

Examples
Be careful when you solve these maths problems! Some of them are not as easy as they seem.
（你做这些数学题时要多注意！有些题并不像看上去那么简单。）

Some of the items are not available online. You'll have to visit our shops.
（有些商品不在网上销售。您需要去我们的实体店购买。）

Jiaying
下面看一看问题中最容易让人感到困惑的句型：“all of them are not…”。

Phil
This one is complicated – because it's not always clear whether 'all of them are not…' means 'none of them are…' or 'some of them are not…'. But it sounds unnatural and isn't something that we often say, and it's probably best just to avoid it.

Jiaying
是的，“all of them are not…” 这个句型究竟是全部否定，表示 “全不是…”，还是部分否定，表示 “并非全是…”，在没有上下文的情况下，意思并不清晰明了，因此容易产生歧义。由于这个句型听上去并不自然，而且也不常用，所以建议大家避免使用它。

Phil
However, what we can do is move the word 'not' in front of 'all' and say 'not all of the shops are open', then you mean that some shops are open and some are closed.

Jiaying
“Not all of the shops are open” 的意思是 “并不是所有的商店都开门了。有一些开了，有一些没有开”。这里用到了 “not all of them are…” 的句型，它的意思是 “不全是…”。来听两个例句。

Examples
Not all of the cakes are baked yet, but there are some you can try.
（不是所有的蛋糕都烤好了，但有些烤好的你可以尝尝。）

Not all of the work is finished, but there is some that you can look at.
（并不是所有的工作都完成了，但有些已经做完的工作可以供你批阅。）

Phil
So, hopefully, we've answered your question. If you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Jiaying
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone.

Phil
Bye.