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如何判断动词后应用 “to do” 还是 “to doing”？

内容简介

一位听众来信问道：如何判断动词后应用不定式 “to do” 还是 “to + 动词-ing”？要解答这个问题，还要从句子中的主动词是什么来加以判断。在本期节目中，主持人 Beth 和佳莹通过分析一段音频中对 “to + 动词原形” 和 “to + 动词-ing” 的使用来讲解判断动词后应跟 “to do” 还是 “to doing” 的方法和技巧。

文字稿

（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.

Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. 本期节目中要回答的问题是这样的： 

Question
请问什么时候 “to” 后跟动词原形，什么时候跟动词-ing 呢？

Jiaying
Thank you for your question! 单词 “to” 的后面可以直接跟动词原形，构成不定式 “to do”，在一些情况下 “to” 还可以作介词，后面跟动词-ing。

Beth
But don't worry! We're here to explain and give you lots of examples to help you know when and how to use 'to'. 

Jiaying
我们先来听一段音频，音频中的男士和女士将进行一次简短的对话，对话中将用到大量的 “to”。

Dialogue
A: What are your plans this weekend?
（A：这个周末你有什么打算？）

B: I'm going to spend my whole weekend studying. I need to finish this assignment. I never get round to finishing on time. I'm looking forward to chilling out next weekend.
（B：我打算整个周末都用来学习。我需要完成这个作业。我总是不能按时完成作业。不过我希望下周末能好好放松一下。）

A: Sounds great. There's an autobiography I want to read actually, so if I feel up to starting that, I might join you!
（A：你安排得不错。其实，有一本自传我特别想读一读，如果我这周末有精力开始的话，我也会像你一样读书学习。 ） 

Jiaying
在上面的这段音频中，单词 “to” 出现了六次，其中不定式 “to + 动词原形” 的结构出现了三次。不定式 “to do” 的结构在英语中十分常见。

Beth
In English, when two verbs are put together, the first one determines whether the second verb starts with the infinitive and 'to' or an -ing form. 

Jiaying
没错，当一句话中出现两个动词时，通常前面的动词就决定了 “to” 后面的动词的形式。这通常并没有绝对的规律可循，而是需要根据句子中的动词本身来逐一进行判断和记忆。

我们先来听一遍音频中使用了不定式 “to do” 的三句话。

Examples
I'm going to spend my whole weekend studying. 

I need to finish this assignment. 

There's an autobiography I want to read actually.

Beth
When we follow 'go', 'need' or 'want' with another verb, the second verb must be an infinitive with 'to'. 

Jiaying
That's right. 除了 “go、need、want” 的后面跟 “to do” 以外，动词 “plan、choose” 和 “agree” 等等的后面也可以跟不定式 “to do”：plan to do something 计划做某事、choose to do something 选择做某事、agree to do something 同意做某事。我们来听三个例句。 

Examples
I plan to finish my dissertation this week.
（我计划本周完成我的论文。） 

I chose to study maths instead of physics.
（我选择了学习数学而不是物理。）

I agreed to wash up, even though I didn't want to.
（我还是同意了洗碗，尽管我不想洗。）

Beth
Now, let's look at some phrasal verbs which end in 'to'. 

Jiaying
动词短语通常由动词和小品词组成，介词 “to” 是许多动词短语中的小品词。在英语中，介词后跟的动词通常是动词-ing 形式。 

Beth
Yes. That means that phrasal verbs and set expressions with 'to' are also followed by an -ing form. 

Jiaying
这就解释了一些动词短语中的介词 “to” 后面为什么是动词 -ing。我们先来再听一遍前面的音频中，介词 “to” 后跟动词-ing 的三句话。 

Examples
I never get round to finishing on time.

I'm looking forward to chilling out next weekend.

So, if I feel up to starting that, I might join you! 

Jiaying
“Get round to doing something” 的意思是 “设法找到足够的时间做某事”；“look forward to doing something” 的意思是 “期待将要做的事情”；“feel up to doing something” 的意思是 “感到自己有能力、精力或心情做某事”。 

Beth
Yes. And all of these end in 'to' and are followed by a verb ending in -ing. There are more examples of phrasal verbs that have the preposition 'to', like 'face up to' and 'stick to'. 

Jiaying
“Face up to doing something 面对、正视做某件事情”。“Stick to doing something 坚持或继续做某件事情”。来听两个例句。 

Examples
I have to face up to working longer hours than I used to. I need the money.
（我不得不接受工作时间比过去更长的现实。因为我需要钱。）

You should stick to studying Spanish. You're good at it.
（你应该坚持学习西班牙语。你很擅长这门语言。） 

Beth
There are other phrases that use 'to', like 'think back to' and 'refer to'. These have the preposition 'to' and are followed by an -ing verb. 

Jiaying
That's right. “Think back to doing something 回想做过某件事情”。“Refer to doing something 提到做过某件事情”。听两个例句。 

Examples
Think back to being a teenager. Did you stay up late at night?
（回想一下十几岁的时候。那会儿你晚上熬夜吗？） 

She never referred to meeting him in person. She said it was a phone call.
（她从来没有提到亲自与他见过面。她说只是和他打了一通电话。） 

Beth
Alright. The best way to learn these is to practise saying them out loud with ‘to’ and the infinitive or -ing. Start by practising with the examples in this episode. 

Jiaying
建议大家在学习这些包含 “to” 的搭配和短语时，变换 “to” 后面跟的动词来进行记忆，并将它们大声朗读出来。不妨先从本期节目中介绍过的搭配或短语开始练习。 

Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk    

Jiaying
你也可以通过微博私信的方式向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye.

Beth
Bye!