你问我答
如何给出或寻求保证:make sure、be sure、ensure、guarantee、see to it
内容简介
一位听众想知道怎么准确表达 “确保一件事会按预期实现”。在英语中 “make sure”、“be sure”、“ensure”、“guarantee” 和 “see to it” 等词语和搭配都可以表示 “主动给出或寻求他人的保证”,但你知道它们的使用要点吗?本期 “你问我答” 节目就让我们来学习如何 “make things certain”。
文字稿
(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)
Buli
Hello,大家好,欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学制作的 “你问我答” 节目。You are with me, Buli.
Georgie
And me, Georgie. One of our listeners has asked us a question.
Question
Hello. How do I say 'make certain something will happen as expected'? Is it 'make sure', 'be sure', or are there some other ways to say that?
Georgie
That's a good question. Buli, let's make sure we answer this question properly.
Buli
I'll see to it that we do, Georgie. 这个问题其实是关于在英语中如何给出或向他人寻求完成某事的承诺。而这位听众提到的 “make sure” 是英语中表达 “确保某事会发生” 这个意思时最常见的搭配,而我则刚刚用到了习语 “see to it”。本期节目就让我们来梳理一下英语中相关的用法。
Georgie
Yes, 'make sure' is common in written and spoken English and implies a personal responsibility to confirm something. It can be used as a command – to tell someone what to do – but it can also be used by the person to express their intention that they'll do it.
Buli
“Make sure” 表示 “某人需要积极确保某事的发生”。这个搭配不但可以用来对他人提出要求,也可以用于表示自己完成某事的意愿。来听本期节目的第一组例句。
Examples
Please, make sure you turn off the lights when you leave the house.
(请确保你离开房子时把灯都关上。)
We need to make sure we turn off the lights when we leave the house.
(我们需要确保我们离开房子时把灯都关上。)
Buli
我们在口语和书面用语中都可以使用 “make sure” 来表示 “确保”。但如果我们想提出的要求不是很强硬,或者只是一个善意的提醒,就可以用 “be sure” 这个搭配。
Georgie
It's most commonly used as an instruction to another person, but we can also use it to express intention, although this is less common and a bit formal.
Buli
是的。需要注意的是 “be sure” 多用于传达对他人的要求或提醒,如果搭配第一人称语气就会比较正式。请听例句。
Examples
Be sure to get plenty of rest before your big presentation.
(在你的重要演讲之前,一定要充分休息。)
I'll be sure to call you back as soon as I can.
(我一定会尽快给你回电话。)
Buli
在上面的例句中,我们注意到 “be sure” 经常和动词不定式搭配,变成 “be sure to do something(一定要完成某事)”。和多用于口语的 “be sure” 相比,动词 “ensure” 就显得严肃得多了。“Ensure” 的意思是 “保证,确保”,我们经常会在一些官方文件中看到它。比如:“We must ensure that all safety protocols are followed.(我们必须确保遵守所有的安全条例。)”
Georgie
Another useful word for this question is 'guarantee'. It can be a noun, 'a guarantee', which is a formal assurance or promise that something will happen, or a verb 'guarantee', which means to provide that formal promise.
Buli
和 “ensure” 类似,另一个常用词汇 “guarantee” 在作为动词时的意思是 “作出保证,为某事担保”。但 “guarantee” 更加强调这种保证的真实和有效性。它也可以作为名词使用,意思是 “保证,担保”。来听下面的两个例句。
Examples
There's no guarantee that this project will be successful.
(不能保证这个项目绝对能成功。)
We guarantee the product will be delivered on time.
(我们保证产品会按时交付。)
Buli
正如例句中使用 “guarantee” 来 “保证” 产品的交付一样,当我们想获得或给出最正式的保证,甚至是付诸法律的要求时,就可以用 “guarantee” 来准确地传达我们的意思。
Georgie
Finally, shall we return to the idiom you used at the start?
Buli
当然!我在节目一开始时使用的短语 “see to it” 和本期节目问题中提到的 “make sure” 非常相似。但它们的区别在于 “see to it” 仅在工作环境中比较常见,特别是当上级向下级分配任务或下级给出保证的时候。请听例句。
Examples
Please, see to it that the contracts are written before Monday.
(请你务必在周一前将合同起草完毕。)
I'll see to it that the repairs are completed by the end of the week.
(我保证在本周结束前完成维修工作。)
Georgie
Buli, I think we've made sure to answer this question, but unfortunately, there's no guarantee that our listeners were concentrating!
Buli
Well, then my advice is that they listen again to ensure they've understood our explanations. 那么下面就让我们一起来复习一下本期节目吧。“Make sure(确保)”,强调需要有直接行为确保事情的完成。“Be sure” 或 “be sure to do something(一定做某事)”,可以用来表达非硬性的要求或建议。“Ensure” 是动词,意思是 “保证,确保”,常用在正式或官方文件中。“Guarantee” 作名词的意思是 “保证,担保”;作动词时的意思是 “作出保证,为某事担保”,在本期节目介绍的表达中具有最强的约束力和真实性。最后是 “see to it(务必/确保完成某事)”,用于在工作环境中主动负责或作出安排。
Georgie
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Buli
你也可以通过微博私信的方式向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye.
Georgie
Bye.