BBC Learning English 英语教学
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你问我答

“香味” 的不同说法:aroma、fragrance、scent、perfume

内容简介

芳香的气味总是令人愉悦。但是,在英语中,饭菜的香味和蜡烛的馨香可以用同样的单词描述吗?希望本期 “你问我答” 节目能帮助你从 “aroma、fragrance、scent” 和 “perfume” 的不同用法中学会不同的 “香味” 的表达方式。

文字稿

(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)

Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.

Buli
And I'm Buli. 本周的 “你问我答” 节目我们要回答一个 “有味道” 的问题:

Question
I would like to distinguish some words about '香气/香味 (aroma, fragrance, scent, perfume, bouquet)' and '香的 (aromatic, fragrant, perfumed, scented)'.

Beth
Before we start, we should say there are lots of different uses for these words. We're going to talk about the most common uses. 'Bouquet', for example, is not widely used like the rest of the words describing smell, so we won't be discussing it for now.

Buli
提出本期问题的听众想要了解英文里与 “香气,香味” 有关的词汇。除了仅用于形容 “花香” 或 “酒香” 的单词 “bouquet”,问题中这些形容 “香气” 或 “散发香味” 的英文词汇确实有些容易混淆。那么本期节目我们就为大家讲解其中最常用的单词 “aroma、fragrance、scent” 和 “perfume”。Speaking of good smells, you smell lovely today, Beth. Are you wearing a new perfume?

Beth
Thank you. I am! Now, 'perfume' is a smell you spray onto your skin or clothes that makes you smell good, and it usually comes in a bottle.

Buli
名词 “perfume” 就是 “香水”,它也可以指 “香水的味道”。

Beth
'Fragrance' can mean the same thing, but 'fragrance' is more common in advertising. 

Buli
是的,“perfume” 和 “fragrance” 的含义几乎完全相同。它们的区别在于 “fragrance” 更常被用于广告词当中。来听第一组例句。

Examples
Can I borrow your perfume please? I forgot mine.
(我能借用一下你的香水吗?我忘带我的了。) 

Excuse me. I'm looking for perfume. Can you show me where it is, please?
(不好意思,我在找香水。可以请你告诉我香水在哪里吗?)

'Intense. New fragrance for men.'
(“热切” —— 新款男士香水。)

Buli
和 “perfume” 与 “fragrance” 不同,“scent” 通常用来描述某种事物自然产生的 “气味或香气”。比如,猎人追踪猎物时,就可能通过 “scent(气味)” 来判断猎物的方位。 

Beth
'Scent' can be used for people and places too. Your house probably has a different scent to my house, Buli!

Buli
It probably does. “Scent” 也可以用来形容 “某人或某个地方的气味”。特别是在家居生活中,“scent” 的形容词形式 “scented(有香味的)” 可以用来描述各种 “有馨香味道的” 家居用品。

Beth
That's right. If something is 'scented', it means a nice smell has been added to it.

Buli
比如,我的家里就有 “scented candles(香薰蜡烛)”,“scented soap(香皂)”,“scented detergent(芳香洗涤剂)”。

Beth
We can also use 'fragranced' to describe things that have a sweet, pleasant smell. 

Buli
没错。“fragrance” 的被动形式 “fragranced” 也经常被用来形容事物是 “具有香甜气味的”。添加了香味的润肤露、精油、沐浴露和蜡烛等物品也都可以用 “fragranced” 来修饰。请听两个例句。 

Examples
I love to relax by having a bath with some scented candles. My favourite one smells of lavender.
(想要放松时,我喜欢去泡澡并点上一些香薰蜡烛。我最喜欢的香薰蜡烛闻起来是薰衣草味的。) 

This fragranced moisturising cream will help your dry skin, and it smells good too.
(这款芳香保湿霜可以改善你的皮肤干燥问题,而且闻起来也很香。)

Buli
和以上例子中的 “scented” 和 “fragranced” 一样,“perfumed” 也可以用来表示 “某样东西被添加了香味”。但它们之间的区别在于 “perfumed” 通常修饰的是原本味道并不好闻的东西,比如,漂白剂 “bleach” 或抛光用的地板蜡 “floor polish”。

Beth
Bleach has a strong chemical smell, and floor polish doesn't smell very nice either. So, you might have 'perfumed' bleach or floor polish. Maybe they smell of lemon or lavender. 

Buli
漂白剂和地板蜡的原料都是具有刺激气味的化学制剂,所以在生产时为了使用起来更加舒适就可能会添加柠檬或薰衣草等芳香剂。最后我们来学习一组常用于描述食物充满香气的单词 “aroma” 和 “aromatic”。 

Beth
'Aroma' is a noun and 'aromatic' is an adjective. They mean a strong pleasant smell and are often used with food and drink. 

Buli
是的,“aroma” 是名词,“aromatic” 则是它的形容词形式。它们的意思是 “强烈的香气” 和 “散发出强烈香气的”。比如说,昨天晚上我在餐馆点了一份加了孜然和香菜的咖喱饭,那味道可真是香气扑鼻 “so aromatic”。 

Beth
Wow. It sounds delicious – a lovely 'aroma'. We can use 'fragrant' with the same meaning. So, I made salmon with a fragrant sweet sauce last night. It had tamarind paste and honey in it. 

Buli
嗯,你的厨艺听起来很高超啊。Beth 在形容自己做的三文鱼时使用的 “fragrant” 和我刚才说的 “aromatic” 的用法是一样的,都可以用来形容 “散发着香气” 的食物。

Beth
We're both been eating good-smelling food recently then!

Buli
最后我们来复习一下本期节目的词汇。名词 “perfume” 和 “fragrance” 都可以用来表示 “香水” 或 “香水的香气”。名词 “scent(气味)”,多指 “人、动物或地点自然产生的气味”。你可以用 “scented” 或 “fragranced” 来形容 “额外添加了香味的” 家居用品。而 “perfumed” 形容的则是原本没有气味或气味不好闻,所以 “添加了香味的” 各类用品。名词 “aroma”,形容词 “aromatic” 和 “fragrant” 则可以用来描述食物的 “香气” 或食物 “闻起来很香”。 

Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone.

Beth
Bye!

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