Jimmy Carter beat Gerald Ford by 3% of the popular vote 1976: Carter wins with 'Trust me' slogan England have Jimmy Carter has been confirmed as the next President of the United States after a closely-fought contest which gave him 51% of the popular vote. His rival President Gerald Ford conceded victory at a news conference in the White House press room at midday. It is the first time since 1932 a sitting president has been dismissed from office. The president had lost his voice through campaigning and had to ask his wife Betty to read a telegramme of congratulation. It has been a nailbiting finish to what has generally been regarded as a rather dull campaign. Mr Carter claimed victory for the Democrats shortly after dawn in Atlanta but a Republican demand for the impounding of the New York State voting machines seemed to place the result in question. Any doubt was finally lifted when New York returned a substantial majority for Mr Carter and President Ford made his concession speech. The final results show Mr Carter won 51% of the popular vote, three points ahead of Mr Ford. He gained 297 of the vital electoral college votes against Mr Ford's 241. Despite the closeness of the race, the country is overwhelmingly under Democratic control. In the Senate the Democrats hold of a lead of 61-38. They hold the House of Representatives by 290-145. Record turnouts were reported in many areas as Americans flocked to the polls, keen for a change in government. Interviews conducted with people leaving polling stations suggested Mr Carter had attracted a big following among Roman Catholics. It had been assumed his strong Baptist beliefs would alienate the Catholics. He also appeared to have strong support among blacks and young people. The politician, who emerged from the relative obscurity of a peanut farm in his native Georgia to run for the presidency, appealed to voters with his slogan "Trust me". Commentators say Mr Ford and the Republicans were still suffering from the damage caused by the Watergate scandal and the President's decision only two months later to pardon Richard Nixon. Early results saw Mr Carter take the lead, winning the key industrial state of Pennsylvania and all the southern and border states. President Ford took states in the East and Mid-West but even his home state of Michigan looked a bit doubtful after a Democratic Senate candidate Ronald Riegle won his seat despite a personal scandal.

The Tartan Army threatened to disrupt the ceremony 1975: North Sea oil begins to flow Artificially 1969: The The Queen has formally begun the operation of the UK's first oil pipeline at a ?00,000 ceremony in Scotland. The 130-mile (209-kilometre) pipeline from Cruden Bay to Grangemouth has been built by British Petroleum (BP). The pipeline serves the Forties oilfield 110 miles east of Aberdeen, which the company discovered six years ago. The Queen inaugurated the flow of oil by pushing a gold-plated button in BP's control centre at Dyce near Aberdeen. She was accompanied by Prince Philip and Prince Andrew. Prime Minister Harold Wilson also attended with the Scottish Secretary and other senior cabinet colleagues. The inauguration by Her Majesty and the presence of so many high-ranking politicians in Dyce - a town scarcely on the map a year ago - is seen as testament to the importance being placed on North Sea oil. The Forties is the largest oilfield so far discovered in the British sector of the North Sea. It is being mined with the help of a ?70m loan from the British government. Production will start this month at a rate of 10,000 barrels per day. Within two to three years the field is expected to yield 400,000 barrels per day - about a fifth of Britain's oil consumption. The ceremony to mark the field's official opening was marked by Scotland's largest-ever police operation. Officials were worried by threats from the so-called "Tartan Army" to disrupt the ceremony or bomb the pipeline which contains nearly 30 million gallons of oil. The group has said it was behind four attempts to damage the pipeline in the past two years. None of the attacks caused serious damage but the Tartan Army said they had only been "dress rehearsals".

Vocabulary:

alienate : arouse hostility or indifference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness（疏远）