December 15

The Downing Street Declaration united the two premiers in their quest for peace 1993: Anglo-Irish pact paves way for peace England have The British and Irish prime ministers have signed The Joint Declaration of Peace which they hope will end 25 years of bombing and murder in Northern Ireland. After nearly two years' negotiation the two leaders, John Major and Albert Reynolds, today stood united on the steps of 10 Downing Street. The nine-point document gives the IRA and Loyalist paramilitaries the opportunity to take part in negotiations for peace if they first agree to observe a three-month ceasefire. Reaction has been mixed even though this is the furthest the British Government has ever moved towards the possibility of a united Ireland. The declaration states that Britain would not prevent Northern Ireland leaving the United Kingdom and joining the Irish Republic, but that the ultimate decision would lie with the people of Northern Ireland. John Major gave reassurances in the declaration that Britain had "no selfish, strategic or economic interest in Northern Ireland. But he warned the terrorists that if they lost this opportunity, it might never come their way again.. The two premiers made it clear that if the declaration was not successful in bringing peace to the province the two governments would work together to combat terrorism in whatever ways were necessary. Sinn Fein, the IRA's political wing, said its initial response was one of "disappointment". The party's Northern Ireland chairman Mitchel McLaughlin said the declaration did not go far enough in meeting the aspirations of the nationalists. And James Molyneaux, leader of the official Ulster Unionists, spoke of "deep unease" among his Loyalist supporters. The Democratic Unionist leader, the Rev Ian Paisley, called it "a dark hour of treachery". Later, in a rare prime-time television broadcast Prime Minister Major called on Ulster "to put the poison of history behind us. "We cannot go on spilling blood in the name of the past. We must all have the courage to look to the future. "The time to choose peace is long overdue. But only the men of violence can decide whether they will talk instead of bomb, discuss instead of murder." The leader of the Labour Party, John Smith, welcomed the declaration saying it was "an important first step towards a new political settlement". The declaration also won the full backing of US President Bill Clinton. He said: "No side which claims a legitimate stake in the future of Northern Ireland can justify continued violence on any grounds."

Mrs Modahl is determined to prove she is innocent 1994: Modahl banned for drug taking Artificially 1969: The The former 800m Commonwealth gold-medallist, Diane Modahl, has been found guilty of taking a performance enhancing drug and banned from competing for four years. The five-strong British Athletic Federation (BAF) panel in London delivered the verdict after a two-day disciplinary hearing and upheld a positive drugs test made after a race in Portugal on 18 June. It dismissed claims the high level of testosterone in her urine - 42 times greater than normal - was caused by mishandling in the Portuguese laboratory. The decision makes Mrs Modahl the first British woman to have tested positive in a drugs test. But the athlete pledged to prove her innocence. "I am horrified at the decision and at the prospect of the nightmare of the last four months continuing," she said. "I sat through the whole of yesterday's hearing. I listened to all the evidence. "I felt sure the committee would decide there were too many doubts raised about the reliability of the test results. "I have declared my innocence, I have never taken any banned substance." Mrs Modahl, whose husband Vicente is her coach, said she would take the case to the Independent Appeal Panel. Her defence argues there was a degradation of the urine sample taken after the Santo Antonio athletic meeting in Lisbon. They claim the Lisbon laboratory failed to follow good practices, casting real doubt over the result. But the BAF panel chairman, Dr Martyn Lucking, said:"Having heard all the evidence and considered all the documents, the committee was satisfied unanimously beyond all reasonable doubt that a doping offence had been committed by Mrs Modhal." Mrs Modahl can now appeal to a BAF board, after that she could go to an arbitration tribunal run by the International Amateur Athletic Federation, the sports' world governing body. If that failed she could then take her case to its council.

Vocabulary:

unprecedented : having no precedent or example（空前的）