未成年人学校保护规定征求意见 明确多项权益保护

教育部近日发布公告，就《未成年人学校保护规定(征求意见稿)》公开征求意见。

The draft guideline designed to protect minors from sexual harassment, assault and bullying at primary and secondary schools and has asked schools to adopt a zero-tolerance approach to such incidents.
意见稿就预防学生在校被欺凌、性侵、侵害等多方面保护机制进行了明确规定，要求学校建立对学生欺凌、性侵害、性骚扰行为的零容忍处理机制。

【单词讲解】

Bully这个词作名词讲的时候就是指“恶霸，仗势欺人者”，比如：I fell victim to the office bully.（我成了办公室恶霸的欺凌对象），所以，实施校园欺凌的人就叫school bully。这个词也可以直接用作动词，表示“欺凌”，比如：Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school（我们调查发现，四分之一的孩子在学校遭受过欺凌），bully someone into doing something就是“强迫某人做某事”；而bullying这个动名词形式则表示“欺凌行为”。

意见稿中有关特别保护的规定还包括：

Teachers should immediately intervene and stop students from bullying others via physical or verbal assaults, giving insulting nicknames, damaging others' property, isolating classmates and spreading rumors, the guideline said.
教职工发现学生有身体侵害或言语侵害他人、起侮辱性绰号、故意毁坏他人财物、孤立或散播谣言等行为的，应当及时制止。

They should report instances of bullying to school authorities, who should launch an investigation and punish culprits if allegations are verified.
教职工发现欺凌行为的应当及时向学校报告，学校接到举报投诉，应当立即开展调查，认为可能构成欺凌的，应当及时处置。

Schools should not conceal serious bullying incidents and should report them to local police and education authorities.
对违反治安管理或者涉嫌犯罪等严重欺凌行为，学校不得隐瞒，应当及时向公安机关、教育行政部门报告。

They should conduct rigorous background checks and annual reviews of faculty, volunteers and social workers to determine whether they are fit to work with minors. Education authorities should work with other departments to improve a black list of those banned from being teachers and make the list more accessible.
学校应当按照规定对教职工、志愿者、社工等进行入职审查并且每学年开展核查，以确定其是否适合从事未成年人教育工作。教育行政部门应当会同有关部门健全教职工从业禁止人员名单和查询机制。

此外，意见稿还就人身安全、人格权益、受教育权等多项权益保护作了规定。

Schools are prohibited from organizing students to participate in emergency rescue, disaster relief, or commercial activities.
学校不得组织、安排学生从事抢险救灾或者商业性活动。

Schools should not release test scores or rankings of students, nor should they publicize results of admission to higher-level schools.
学校不得公开学生个人的考试成绩、名次，不得对外宣传学生升学情况。

Schools pertaining to compulsory education should not deprive students of their right to education by means of long-term suspension or dissuasion, and should not expel students in any way.
义务教育学校不得以长期停课、劝退等方式，剥夺学生受教育权，不得开除或者变相开除学生。

【单词讲解】

这里的deprive someone of something是一个常用的固定搭配短语，表示“剥夺某人的...”，被剥夺的东西可以是某种权益，也可以是接触或使用某物的机会，甚至还可以是睡眠、吃饭等基本权益，比如：The change in her status deprived her of access to classified information（她的地位变化使她丧失了接触机密信息的条件）。这个固定搭配经常以被动的形式出现，即someone is deprived of something，比如：The children are being deprived of a good education.（孩子们失去了获得良好教育的机会。）如果我们说someone is deprived of sleep，意思是说有外界因素使其无法睡觉，并不是他们自己不想睡。美剧中经常出现的一种疲劳审讯方式就是sleep deprivation（睡眠剥夺）。

Schools should make routine schedules for students in a scientific and reasonable way to ensure tangible opportunity and time for students to participate in recreational activities and physical exercises.
学校应当科学合理安排学生在校作息时间，保证学生有休息、参加文娱活动和体育锻炼的机会和时间。

Schools should establish a monitoring system for the physical fitness of students. If any indications of malnourishment, myopia and obesity or unfavorable habits that may lead to decline in physical fitness are detected, schools should step in and offer help in time.
学校应当建立学生体质监测制度，发现学生出现营养不良、近视、肥胖等倾向或者有导致体质下降的不良行为习惯，应当及时进行管理、干预。

【相关词汇】

未成年人权益 minor's rights and interests

未成年人身心健康 physical and mental health of youngsters

校园欺凌 school bullying

留守儿童 left-behind children

防沉迷系统 anti-addiction system

参考来源：新华网、中国日报

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）