每日新闻播报（November 9）

>'Single-use' word of the year
柯林斯词典年度词出炉
Widespread concern about environmental degradation caused by discarded plastics has led Britain's Collins Dictionary to name "single-use" as its English-language word of the year for 2018. It beats "MeToo" and "whitewash" to take first place in the top 10 list released on Wednesday. Collins said each nominated word "reflects an ever-evolving culture and the preoccupations of those who use it". Collins said "single-use", which describes one-use-only items "whose unchecked proliferation are blamed for damaging the environment and affecting the food chain", has undergone a fourfold increase in usage since 2013. "Vegan", a word describing people who avoid animal products, and "plogging", a fitness craze born in Scandinavia that combines jogging with picking up litter, were other environment-related words to make the list. Helen Newstead, Collins' head of language content, said: "This has been a year where awareness and often anger over a variety of issues has led to the rise of new words and the revitalization and adaptation of old ones."
废弃塑料导致的环境退化引发广泛担忧，这促使英国柯林斯词典将"single-use(一次性的)"评为其2018年年度英语词汇。在7日公布的前10名单中，single-use击败MeToo("我也是"运动)和whitewash(洗白，即由白人演员饰演少数族裔角色)夺魁。柯林斯称，每个候选词汇都"反映了不断发展的文化及其使用者关注的事物"。柯林斯表示，single-use是描述一次性用品的词汇，自2013年以来其使用频率提高了4倍。一次性用品的肆意泛滥被认为是破坏环境、影响食物链的原因。进入候选名单的环境相关词汇还有vegan(素食主义者，不食用动物制品的人)和plogging(发源于斯堪的纳维亚的边慢跑边捡垃圾的健身热)。柯林斯的语言内容负责人纽斯特德称，今年，公众对种种问题的的认知、通常是愤怒使新词涌现，也让旧词重新流行、衍生新义。

>Summit coin typo-laden
'特普会'纪念币拼写出错
The White House has issued a new commemorative coin in honor of the summit between US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Helsinki in July, which has attracted attention on social media for unintended reasons. The coin, now available at the White House gift shop for $100, features portraits of the two presidents on one side and the image of Helsinki Cathedral on the other. However, it was several phrases in Russian featured on the coin's reverse which attracted the attention of social media users due to some glaring typos they contained: "diplomatic mission" was spelled with one more "d" than necessary ("ddiplomatic"); the phrase "novoye era" ("new era") has incorrect gender agreement, and should've been "novaya era" instead; and the summit itself was described as "Helpinskiy" instead of "Helsinskiy". Also, Trump's quote engraved on the coin ("the past does not have to define our future") was apparently actually delivered by the US president during his meeting with DPRK leader Kim Jong-un in June, as NPR correspondent Alina Selyukh observed.
为纪念美国总统特朗普和俄罗斯总统普京7月在赫尔辛基进行的会晤，白宫近日发行一款新的纪念币，这款纪念币在社交媒体上受到"意外关注"。"特普会"纪念币一面印有两国领导人头像，另一面的图案是赫尔辛基大教堂，现已在白宫礼品店销售，售价100美元。但引起社交媒体用户关注的却是纪念币背面的几个俄语短语，因为其中含有多处明显的拼写错误：diplomatic mission(外交使命)中的diplomatic多了一个d，成了ddiplomatic；novoye era(新时代)中形容词与名词的性不一致，应当是novaya era；赫尔辛基会晤的Helsinskiy也被错写成了Helpinskiy。此外，美国国家公共电台记者艾莉娜指出，纪念币上刻有特朗普的一句话："过去不必定义我们的未来"，这句话显然是他6月与朝鲜领导人金正恩会晤时所说。

>Suit against 'pH Miracle' author
'酸碱理论'大师走下神坛
A San Diego jury sided against the author of the bestselling "pH Miracle" books this week, ordering him to pay $105 million to a cancer patient who said the author held himself out as a doctor and counseled her to forgo traditional medical treatment. The large award - more than double what the woman had sought - comes roughly 16 months after a criminal case ended with the author, Robert Oldham Young, going to jail for a few months for practicing medicine without a license. The criminal case highlighted his controversial theories and the pricy treatments he offered to seriously ill or dying patients, who in some cases were given intravenous fluids mixed with baking soda at $500 a pop. Young has written several books, including "The pH Miracle: Balance Your Diet, Reclaim Your Health". First published in 2002, his flagship book has been translated into several languages. Young's works and treatments were based on the theory that acidity in the body is the cause of disease and that an alkaline diet is the answer.
本周，畅销书《酸碱奇迹》的作者罗伯特•欧•阳被美国圣地亚哥的一个陪审团判处赔偿一位癌症患者1.05亿美元，这位女病患称，罗伯特号称自己是医生，并建议她放弃传统治疗方案。这一巨额赔偿金额较原告的索赔金额翻了一倍多。约16个月前，在一桩刑事案件中，罗伯特因无照行医被判处数月监禁。罗伯特向病情严重或濒死病人宣传的充满争议的理论以及他提供的价格高昂的疗法在这桩刑事案件中成为焦点，他有时给病人注射静脉注射液和小苏打的混合物，而每支针剂的费用达500美元。罗伯特是包括《酸碱奇迹：平衡饮食，恢复健康》在内的数本书的作者。这本出版于2002年的旗舰书被翻译成了多种文字。罗伯特的书以及疗法都是基于"身体酸度是疾病成因，碱性饮食可以治病"的理论。

>570,000 short videos removed
15平台下架57万短视频
A total of 15 major Chinese online video-sharing platforms have collectively taken down 570,000 short videos involving copyright infringements, China's copyright authority announced Wednesday. Noting existing copyright problems among the 15 major video-sharing platforms, the National Copyright Administration summoned representatives from companies such as Douyin, Kuaishou, Pear Video and Bilibili over copyright concerns in September. The authority asked the platforms to strengthen copyright management of their content to ensure all copyrighted videos, music, photos and text are published with proper authorization. Copyright supervision will be further strengthened in order to facilitate the healthy development of the short video industry, the administration said.
国家版权局7日宣布，国内共15家重点在线视频分享平台共下架涉嫌侵权盗版短视频作品57万部。9月，国家版权局就这15家重点视频分享平台存在的版权问题，约谈了抖音、快手、梨视频、哔哩哔哩等企业的代表。国家版权局要求上述平台加强内容版权管理，以保证所有受版权保护的视频、音乐、图片和文字均在经适当授权的情况下发布。国家版权局称，将进一步加强版权监管，以促进短视频行业的健康发展。

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