担忧疫情蔓延 美股“熔断”全球股市下跌 Coronavirus: US stocks see worst fall since 1987

为应对新冠肺炎疫情对经济的冲击，美联储15日宣布紧急下调基准利率1个百分点并再度启动量化宽松措施，但金融市场并未给予积极回应。纽约股市16日开盘暴跌并再次触发熔断机制，全球其他几大股市也出现下跌。

Global stock markets have sunk again despite central banks around the world announcing a co-ordinated effort to ease the effects of the coronavirus.

尽管各国央行宣布协同努力缓解新冠肺炎疫情的影响，但全球股市仍然再次下跌。

The Dow Jones index closed 12.9% down after President Donald Trump said the economy "may be" heading for recession.

在美国总统唐纳德·特朗普称经济“可能”走向衰退后，道琼斯指数收盘下跌12.9%。

London's FTSE 100 ended 4% lower, and other major European markets saw similar slides.

伦敦富时100指数收盘时下跌4%，欧洲其他主要股市也出现了类似的下跌。

On Sunday, the US Federal Reserve cut interest rates to almost zero and launched a $700 billion stimulus programme.

上周日（3月15日），美联储将利率降至近零水准，并启动了7000亿美元（约合人民币4.89万亿元）的刺激计划。

It was part of co-ordinated action announced alongside the eurozone, the UK, Japan, Canada, and Switzerland.

这是与欧元区、英国、日本、加拿大和瑞士共同宣布的协调行动的一部分。

Worries mounted that central banks' emergency measures over the weekend meant the economy is in much worse shape than previously believed.

人们越来越担心，各国央行上周末采取的紧急措施意味着，经济状况比预想的要糟糕得多。

However, investors are worried that central banks now have few options left to combat the impact of the pandemic.

然而，投资者担心，各国央行目前已没有多少选择来应对新冠肺炎疫情的影响。

The new governor of the Bank of England, Andrew Bailey, has pledged to take "prompt action again" when necessary to stop the damage to the economy from the coronavirus pandemic.

英国央行新任行长安德鲁•贝利承诺，必要时将“再次迅速采取行动”，以阻止新冠肺炎疫情对经济造成损害。

David Madden, a market analyst at CMC Markets, said that while central bankers were trying to calm the markets, "in reality it is having the opposite effect".

盈丰财资市场的市场分析师戴维•马登表示，尽管各国央行试图安抚市场，但“实际上却产生了相反的效果”。

"The radical measures have sent out a very worrying message to dealers, and that is why they are blindly dumping stocks."

“这些激进措施向交易商发出的信息非常令人担忧，因此他们在盲目抛售股票。”

In New York, steep falls as markets opened triggered another automatic halt to trading, which is meant to curb panic selling. Before last week, such halts, known as circuit breakers, had not been used in more than two decades.

纽约股市开盘后大幅下跌，再次引发“熔断”，即为了遏制恐慌性抛售而自动暂停交易。在上周出现“熔断”之前，美国股市已有20多年没有出现过这种情况。

【小知识：熔断机制是什么？】

首先，熔断机制的英文是circuit breaker mechanism，其中，circuit breaker在电工学里就是断路器的意思。当电路中出现短路时，断路器会立即断开电路，保护负载的安全。

►The circuit breaker mechanism refers to measures adopted by stock exchanges to temporarily halt trading to avert panic selling after the stock index has fallen a certain percentage.

熔断机制是指股指下跌一定比例后，证券交易所采取暂停交易以避免恐慌性抛售的措施。

►The circuit breaker mechanism aims to check abnormal prices wings.

熔断机制的目的是遏制交易价格异常波动。

业内人士表示，熔断机制可以给市场一个冷静期(cooling-off period)，让投资者充分消化市场信息(market information)，防止市场或某一产品非理性的大幅波动(fluctuations)，特别防止市场大幅下跌甚至发生股灾(stock market crash)，以维护市场的稳定。

But the sell-off continued after the 15-minute suspension, with the Dow losing nearly 3,000 points or 12.9%, its worst percentage drop since 1987.

但在暂停交易15分钟后，股市继续出现抛售，道琼斯指数下跌近3000点，跌幅达12.9%，达到1987年以来的跌幅。

The wider S&P 500 dropped 11.9%, while Nasdaq dropped 12.3%. All three indexes are now down more than 25% from their highs.

标准普尔500指数下跌11.9%，纳斯达克指数下跌12.3%。三大股指目前都较高点下跌了超过25%。

In London, firms in the travel sector saw big falls. Share in holiday firm Tui sank more than 27% after it said it would suspend the "majority" of its operations. BA-owner IAG fell more than 25% after it said it would cut its flight capacity by at least 75% in April and May.

在伦敦，旅游行业的公司股价大幅下跌。度假公司途易宣布将暂停“大部分”业务后，其股价下跌超过27%。英国航空公司的母公司国际航空集团股价下跌逾25%，此前该集团表示，将在4月和5月削减至少75%的航班。

The FTSE 250, which includes a number of well-known UK-focused companies, ended down about 7.8%.

富时250指数收跌约7.8%，其中包括多家主要在英国投资的知名企业。

All the main European share indexes fell sharply, though they later regained some ground. France's Cac 40 index fell more than 5.7% and Germany's Dax dropped more than 5.3%.

欧洲主要股指均大幅下跌，不过后来有所回升。法国Cac 40指数下跌超过5.7%，德国Dax指数下跌超过5.3%。

Earlier in Asia, Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 closed down 2.5% and the Shanghai Composite in China ended the day 3.3% lower.

之前在亚洲股市，日本日经225指数收盘下跌2.5%，中国上证综合指数收盘下跌3.3%。

Oil prices, which have been shaken by a price war between exporters, fell again. Brent crude dropped by more than 10% to less than $32 a barrel while West Texas International crude fell more than 8% to less than $30 a barrel.

受到出口商之间价格战影响的油价再次下跌。布伦特原油价格下跌超过10%，至每桶不到32美元，而西德克萨斯国际原油价格下跌超过8%，至每桶不到30美元。

The Bank of Japan announced that it would increase its purchases of exchange-traded funds, as well as corporate and governments bonds. The Reserve Bank of Australia also said it stands ready to purchase Australian government bonds to support the market. It said further policy measure will come out on Thursday.

日本央行宣布，将购买更多的交易所交易基金以及公司和政府债券。澳大利亚央行也表示，随时准备购买澳大利亚政府债券以支撑市场，并表示进一步的政策措施将于周四出台。

Global monetary policy support is coming "thick and heavy," said Stephen Innes, global chief markets strategist at AxiCorp.

AxiCorp全球首席市场策略师斯蒂芬•英尼斯表示，全球货币政策的支持力度“非常大”。

But the biggest concern is that the world's top central banks have exhausted their policy tool kit, especially the Fed, the biggest and most influential one of them all, he said.

但他表示，最大的担忧是，全球各大央行已经用尽了自己的政策工具，尤其是美联储。美联储是全球最大、最有影响力的央行之一。

"The markets now appear kind of defenseless to another selling onslaught, so the fiscal step is crucial in avoiding a dreaded global credit event," Innes added.

他补充说：“现在市场对另一轮抛售似乎无法招架，因此财政措施对于避免可怕的全球信贷事件至关重要。”

【学英语】

表示股票价格“下跌”的动词很多，表示股票“小幅下跌”，可以用dip，edge down，slip lower等。像dive，nosedive， plunge，plummet， tumble，sink等动词，都是形容股票的“大幅下跌”。如果要表示股票“大幅快速下跌”，则可以用crash，collapse，crumble，slump等。

股市常用词

Shanghai Composite Index 上证综合指数

Shenzhen Component Index 深证成份股指数

Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index 香港恒生指数

A-share market A股市场

B-share market B股市场

bourse 证券交易所

trading 交易，买卖

turnover 成交额

trading volume 交易额，成交量

weighting 权重

morning session 早盘

afternoon session 午盘

insider trading 内幕交易

trader 交易者

speculator 投机者

investor 投资者

broker 证券经纪人

brokerage 券商（股民开立账户的地方）

margin finance account 保证金融资账户（相当于借钱炒股）

securities regulator 证券监管机构

[牛市常用词]

surge 大涨

gain 上涨

soar 飞涨

climb 攀升

rally 回升

buoy 提振

bullish 看涨的；上扬的

fund inflow 资金流入

capital inflow 资金流入

outperform 跑赢（大盘）

hover 徘徊

returns 收益，回报

pick up 回升

edge up 微升

[熊市常用词]

slump 暴跌

tumble 暴跌

slip 下跌

retreat 下跌

fall 下跌

drop 下降

decline 下降

bearish 看跌的，下跌的

lose ground 下跌

edge down 微降

dip 微降

equities bubble 股市泡沫

英文来源：BBC、CNN

翻译&编辑：yaning