中国升级新冠疫苗需多久?中疾控首席专家回应
中国日报网 2021-01-29 14:19
最近,英国、南非和巴西先后发现新的新冠病毒变异毒株。有卫生领域人员担忧,目前的疫苗可能无法有效对抗这些新的变异毒株。
中国疾控中心艾滋病首席专家邵一鸣表示:
If necessary, an upgrade for China's inactivated COVID-19 vaccine could be completed in about two months.
如果真需要对疫苗进行升级,中国的新冠灭活疫苗预计可在2个月左右完成。
Lab data shows that Chinese vaccines' capability to help human bodies generate antibodies remains almost steady in neutralizing the new variants of the virus that emerged in Europe, South America, and the US across the first half of 2020, said Shao. "Although the efficacy is slightly weakened when it comes to the new variants."
实验室数据显示,国内疫苗诱导的抗体对去年上半年在欧洲、南美、美国出现的新冠毒株的中和能力没有变化,但对新出现的变异毒株的中和能力,则有轻微下降。
【单词讲解】
这里的neutralize是形容词neutral的动词形式,表示“使中和,使无效,使中立”等意思,比如,neutralize a threat(消除威胁),neutralize an enemy(消灭敌人),Raising the sales tax will neutralize the tax cut(提高销售税就能抵消减税带来的影响)。
邵一鸣表示,在应对变异毒株方面,两条反应最快的技术路线分别是mRNA疫苗和灭活疫苗。
The redesign of inactivated technology could take a bit longer than the mRNA technology, which does not require cultivating and inactivating the virus.
灭活技术路线重新设计需要的时间要比mRNA技术路线稍长,因为后者不需要培育和灭活病毒。
他表示,灭活疫苗的质控因素(quality control factors)较多,会比mRNA疫苗的化学合成和修饰的升级过程上稍慢一些,但前后时间差应不会超过1个月。
国外疫苗厂商也在关注变异毒株
Moderna Inc said on Monday it believes its COVID-19 vaccine protects against new variants found in Britain and South Africa, although it will test a new booster shot aimed at the South African variant after concluding the antibody response could be diminished.
1月25日,摩德纳公司表示,他们认为本公司研发的新冠疫苗对英国和南非出现的新变异毒株依然有效,不过,鉴于对南非出现的变异毒株抗体反应减弱,该公司将针对这个变种测试一种新的加强针。
【单词讲解】
这里的booster shot,即“加强针”,指疫苗注射一段时间后,体内抗体有所下降,不足以起到保护作用时,再次注射的疫苗,以提高抗体水平。Booster是动词boost的名词形式,火箭发射过程中经常用到的“助推器”也是booster。Boost这个词在各类新闻报道中经常出现,比如:plans to boost production(提升产量的计划),boost morale(提振士气),boost confidence(增强信心)等。
Germany's BioNTech said its existing Covid-19 vaccine, developed with Pfizer, would still be effective against the new variant. If not, “the beauty of the mRNA technology is we can directly start to engineer a vaccine that completely mimics this new mutation and we could manufacture a new vaccine within six weeks, said Ugur Sahin, BioNTech's chief executive.
德国生物技术公司BioNTech首席执行官乌古尔·沙欣表示,他们与辉瑞联合研发的新冠疫苗对新的病毒变种依旧有效,如果现有疫苗不再有效,“mRNA技术的好处在于我们可以直接开始研制一种能够完全模仿这个新变种的疫苗,而且6个星期之内就能投入生产。”
【知识点】
RNA疫苗或mRNA(信使RNA)疫苗是一种新型疫苗,它将病毒mRNA片段插入人体细胞中,通过重编程产生病原体抗原(如针刺蛋白或癌症抗原),然后激发针对病原体的适应性免疫反应。
Pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca and Oxford University plan to make an updated version of their COVID-19 vaccine that will target the new variant of the novel coronavirus found in South Africa.
制药企业阿斯利康与牛津大学计划以南非出现的新冠病毒变种为目标,对他们现有的新冠疫苗进行升级。
【相关词汇】
药品和疫苗研发
drug and vaccine development
免疫系统
immune system
有效性和安全性研究
safety and efficacy research
人类卫生健康共同体
a global community of health for all
疫苗联合研发
joint research and development of vaccines
参考来源:环球时报、CGTN、路透社
(中国日报网英语点津 Helen)