英国通胀持续高企 能源价格飞涨和劳动力短缺或为主因 Inflation: Fuel, milk and eggs push prices up at fastest rate in 40 years

汽油、牛奶、鸡蛋……英国物价涨幅创下了40多年来的新高，与此同时，通胀率还在不断飙升。英格兰银行预测，英国今年的通胀率将会高达11%。

Prices are continuing to rise at their fastest rate for more than 40 years, driven by higher petrol and food costs.

由于汽油和食品价格飞涨，英国持续上涨的物价已突破了40多年来的最高水平。

UK inflation, the rate at which prices rise, jumped to 9.4% in the 12 months to June from 9.1% in May, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) said.

英国国家统计局称，英国的年通胀率从5月的9.1%飙升到了6月的9.4%。

Petrol prices rose by 18.1p per litre in June, while costs for milk, cheese and eggs also climbed, the ONS said.

统计局数据显示，6月汽油价格每升上涨18.1便士，牛奶、奶酪、鸡蛋的价格也涨了。

Unions have been calling for pay rises to help workers cope as the rising cost of living eats into household budgets.

工会一直在呼吁给员工涨工资以助其应对因生活成本上升而吃紧的家庭预算。

Fuel prices have soared in recent months, driven by the war in Ukraine and moves by the European Union to reduce its dependence on Russian oil.

受乌克兰战争和欧盟为减少对俄石油依赖而采取的措施的影响，英国燃料价格在近几个月大幅上涨。

Average petrol prices stood at 184p per litre in June, the ONS said, the highest since records began in 1990 and up from 129.7p a year earlier. The monthly rise was also the largest on record.

统计局称，6月英国汽油均价为每升184便士，这是自1990年有记录以来的最高价格。就在一年前，英国汽油均价为每升129.7便士。单月涨幅也创下了历史新高。

The average price of diesel in June was 192.4p per litre, again a record high, the ONS said.

统计局数据显示，6月柴油均价为每升192.4便士，也刷新了历史记录。

It led to the said average family car costing more than £100 to fill up, according to the RAC.

英国皇家汽车俱乐部称，给普通家用汽车加满油将需要花费超100英镑的价钱。

Elsewhere, food prices have been climbing, with costs increasing at the fastest rate since March 2009.

食品价格也大幅攀升，涨幅达到了2009年3月以来的最高水平。

Milk, cheese and eggs saw the biggest rises in June, latest figures show, with the prices of vegetables, meat and ready meals also up.

最新数据显示，6月份牛奶、奶酪和鸡蛋价格涨幅最大，蔬菜、肉和方便食品的价格也上涨了。

Research firm Kantar has predicted supermarket bills are set to rise by an average of £454 this year. This comes as energy bills, which rose by an unprecedented £700 a year in April for a typical household, are forecast to climb again in October.

据调研机构凯度预测，今年超市购物平均花费将上涨454英镑。与此同时，4月统计的普通家庭年度能源账单也比去年高出了700英镑，这一涨幅是史无前例的，并且凯度预测10月能源价格还将进一步攀升。

Prices charged in restaurants and for accommodation have also increased, climbing by 8.6% in the year to June, the ONS said.

统计局称，从去年6月到今年6月期间，餐厅和住宿价格也上涨了8.6%。

Other countries around the world are also experiencing a cost of living squeeze, with many affected by the same global factors as the UK.

世界上的其他国家也在遭受生活成本上涨带来的压力，许多国家都和英国一样受到了同样的全球因素的影响。

Paul Dales, chief UK economist at consultancy Capital Economics, said the two main causes of inflation globally were surging energy prices and worker shortages.

咨询机构凯投宏观的首席英国经济学家保罗·戴尔斯称，全球通货膨胀的两大主因是能源价格飞涨和劳动力短缺。

Mr Dales said the "combined influence" of Brexit and the pandemic had resulted in shortages of workers, due to fewer workers coming to the UK from overseas and a greater share of people of working age "have either become unable to work or decided they no longer want to or need to work".

戴尔斯指出，英国脱欧和大流行病的双重影响导致了劳动力的短缺。一方面是由于从海外来英国的工人减少，另一方面是因为更多劳动年龄人口“要么失去劳动能力，要么不愿意或不需要再工作”。

The Bank of England has warned inflation will reach 11% this year.

英格兰银行警告称，今年英国的通胀率将会达到11%。

英文来源：BBC

翻译&编辑：丹妮