双语新闻播报（December 8）

> ‘Gaslighting’ is Merriam-Webster’s 2022 word of the year
“煤气灯效应”成为《韦氏词典》2022年度热词

This year, the number of times people looked up Merriam-Webster’s definition of gaslighting skyrocketed 1740 percent compared to 2021.
2022年，《韦氏词典》中gaslighting的查询次数激增1740%。

So it seems fitting that the dictionary named it 2022’s word of the year.
因此，这个单词当选该词典2022年度词汇似乎是理所当然的。

Merriam-Webster actually has two definitions for the noun.
《韦氏词典》对gaslighting有两条定义。

The first is as follows: “psychological manipulation of a person usually over an extended period of time that causes the victim to question the validity of their own thoughts, perception of reality, or memories and typically leads to confusion, loss of confidence and self-esteem, uncertainty of one's emotional or mental stability, and a dependency on the perpetrator.”
其中一条指：对一个人的心理操纵，通常持续很长一段时间，导致受害者质疑自己的思想、对现实的感知或记忆的可靠性，通常导致困惑、信心和自尊的丧失、情绪或精神的不稳定，以及对施暴者的依赖。

US-based author of The Gaslight Effect, Dr Robin Stern, outlined the insidious nature of gaslighting, writing: "It's a form of emotional abuse and manipulation that is difficult to recognize and even harder to break free from."
《煤气灯效应》的美国作者罗宾•斯特恩博士概述了“煤气灯”阴险的本质，写道：“这是一种难以识别的情感虐待和操纵，甚至更难以摆脱。”

But as Merriam-Webster explained in a blog post, people these days don’t just use gaslighting to describe total reality-distorting manipulation. It can also refer more generally to “the act or practice of grossly misleading someone especially for one’s own advantage.” 但《韦氏词典》在一篇博文中表示，现在gaslighting不仅形容扭曲事实的思想控制，也可以泛指“特专指为自己的利益而严重误导别人的行为或做法”。

With all the disinformation floating around the internet, it can be tough to realize when you’re being gaslighted into discarding your own perceptions or beliefs.
由于互联网上充斥着虚假信息，当你被激怒而抛弃自己的看法或信念时，是很难意识到自己被操控了。

> The majority of people perhaps don't have to drink 8 glasses of water a day
“每天8杯水”科学吗？最新研究结果可能颠覆认知

A famous health tip says you'd better drink eight glasses of water (about two liters) a day.
一句著名的养生建议称，每天喝8杯水（约2升）有利于身体健康。

However, the results of a new study suggest that less is needed.
然而，最新研究显示，一天8杯水可能超过大多数人真正的需水量。

An international group led by scientists at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) in China found that the average daily water intake of a man in his twenties should be 1.5 to 1.8 liters, while it should be 1.3 to 1.4 liters for a female in the same age group.
由中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院医药所科研团队所带领的国际团队发现，20多岁的男性平均每日饮水量应在1.5至1.8升之间，而20多岁的女性则应在1.3至1.4升之间。

The researchers investigated 5,604 participants from the ages of 8 days to 96 years and from more than 20 countries.
研究人员调查了来自20多个国家的5604名参与者，他们的年龄从8天到96岁不等。

They have found that a man aged 20 to 35 consumes 4.2 liters of water each day, while a woman aged 30 to 60 consumes 3.3 liters, with the water requirements dropping as he or she ages.
他们发现，20至35岁的男性每天要喝4.2升水，30至60岁的女性每天要喝3.3升水，而且随着年龄的增长，对水的需求量会下降。

Since the metabolism and water exchange on skin can provide 15 percent, while food and drinking contribute half each of the remaining 85 percent, people are thus suggested to drink less than 45 percent of the total daily turnover, according to the researchers.
研究人员称，由于新陈代谢和皮肤上的水交换可以提供15%的水分，而食物和饮水各占剩下85%的一半，因此建议人们每天摄入的水分少于总摄入量的45%。

"The majority of people perhaps don't have to drink 8 glasses of water a day," said Zhang Xueying, co-first author of the paper and an assistant research fellow at the SIAT.
论文共同第一作者张雪映表示，研究结果表明，每天喝8杯水（约2升）对大多数人来说可能太多了。

The total water input and output varies according to multiple factors, including body size, physical activity, air temperature, humidity, and altitude, according to the study.研究表明，水量的输入和输出受多种因素的影响，包括身体大小、身体活动、空气温度、湿度和海拔高度。

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