大学生睡眠不足6小时影响期末成绩，睡眠减少1小时GPA下降0.07 Nightly Sleep Is Key to Student Success

大学是从学校迈向社会的过渡时期，这可能是学生们第一次可以自由支配时间，但这种自由往往伴随着来自学术、社交活动甚至睡眠需求的冲突。

一支研究团队评估了学期初晚间睡眠时间如何影响大一学生期末成绩。他们发现学生们的平均睡眠仅为6.5小时，当学生睡眠时间少于6小时，学习成绩明显下降。

A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students end-of-semester grade point average (GPA). Using Fitbit sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes accumulate when students received less than six hours of sleep a night. The results are available in the Feb. 13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
一支由多机构组成的研究团队首次评估了学期初晚间睡眠时间对大学新生期末平均绩点 (GPA)的影响。研究人员通过Fitbit睡眠追踪器，发现学生平均每晚睡眠时间为 6.5 小时，当学生每晚睡眠时间少于6小时时，负面效应就会累积。该研究结果2月13日发表在《美国科学院院报》上。

Sleep guidelines recommend teenagers get 8 to 10 hours of sleep every night. Many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep.
睡眠指南建议青少年每晚睡眠时间为8-10个小时。许多大学生都存在睡眠不规律和睡眠不足的问题。

David Creswell, the William S. Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA. College students often push themselves to achieve.
（卡内基梅隆大学）迪特里希人文与社会科学学院心理学和神经科学教授威廉·S·迪特里希二世和大卫·克雷斯维尔带领一组研究人员评估睡眠与 GPA 之间的关系。

“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell. "Here we show how this work translates to humans. The less nightly sleep a first year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”
克雷斯维尔说：“动物研究表明了睡眠对学习和记忆至关重要。我们的研究论证了睡眠对人类学习和记忆的影响。大一学生在学期初的夜间睡眠越少，预示着学期结束时GPA越低。睡眠不足可能损害了大学生的学习能力。”

此前的动物研究表明，白天形成的记忆会在睡眠中得到巩固。 当正常的睡眠模式被打断时，白天学到的内容就会被遗忘。

这一结论是否适用于学生？睡眠中断或睡眠不足是否会影响学生的学业，以及是否影响成绩表现？研究人员对此进行了论证。

睡眠每减少1小时，期末GPA下降0.07

The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities. The students wore wrist Fitbit devices to monitor and record their sleep patterns. The researchers found that students in the study sleep on average 6.5 hours a night.
该研究对三所大学600多名大一学生进行了5项研究。学生在手腕上佩戴Fitbit设备来监测和记录他们的睡眠模式。研究人员发现，参与研究的学生平均每晚睡眠仅为6.5小时。

More surprisingly, the researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to a 0.07 decrease in end-of-term GPA.
更令人惊讶的是，研究人员发现，睡眠不足6小时的学生学习成绩明显下滑。此外，睡眠每减少1小时，期末GPA下降0.07。

熬夜积累睡眠债 “挑灯夜战”不可取

“Once you start dipping below six hours, you are starting to accumulate massive sleep debt that can impair a student’s health and study habits, compromising the whole system,” said Creswell. “Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it persisted.”
克雷斯维尔说：“一旦你的睡眠时间开始低于 6 小时，就会开始积累大量的睡眠债，这会损害学生的健康和学习习惯，从而危及全局。最令我惊讶的是，无论我们采取什么措施来消除这种影响，它都会持续存在。”

“A popular belief among college students is value studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. "Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep.”
克雷斯维尔说：“很多大学生认为，晚上多学习或多聚会很重要。但我们的研究表明，减少夜间睡眠的代价可能是影响你的学习能力和学业表现。在安排时间时有必要考虑夜间睡眠的重要性。”

来源：cmu.edu
编辑：董静