习近平在中共中央政治局第三次集体学习时强调 切实加强基础研究 夯实科技自立自强根基

新华社北京2月22日电 中共中央政治局2月21日下午就加强基础研究进行第三次集体学习。中共中央总书记习近平在主持学习时强调，加强基础研究，是实现高水平科技自立自强的迫切要求，是建设世界科技强国的必由之路。各级党委和政府要把加强基础研究纳入科技工作重要日程，加强统筹协调，加大政策支持，推动基础研究实现高质量发展。

北京大学校长、中科院院士龚旗煌教授就这个问题作了讲解，提出工作建议。中央政治局的同志认真听取了讲解，并进行了讨论。

习近平在听取讲解和讨论后发表了重要讲话。他指出，党和国家历来重视基础研究工作。新中国成立后特别是改革开放以来，我国基础研究取得了重大成就。当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革突飞猛进，学科交叉融合不断发展，科学研究范式发生深刻变革，科学技术和经济社会发展加速渗透融合，基础研究转化周期明显缩短，国际科技竞争向基础前沿前移。应对国际科技竞争、实现高水平自立自强，推动构建新发展格局、实现高质量发展，迫切需要我们加强基础研究，从源头和底层解决关键技术问题。

习近平强调，要强化基础研究前瞻性、战略性、系统性布局。基础研究处于从研究到应用、再到生产的科研链条起始端，地基打得牢，科技事业大厦才能建得高。要坚持“四个面向”，坚持目标导向和自由探索“两条腿走路”，把世界科技前沿同国家重大战略需求和经济社会发展目标结合起来，统筹遵循科学发展规律提出的前沿问题和重大应用研究中抽象出的理论问题，凝练基础研究关键科学问题。要把握科技发展趋势和国家战略需求，加强基础研究重大项目可行性论证和遴选评估，充分尊重科学家意见，把握大趋势、下好“先手棋”。要强化国家战略科技力量，有组织推进战略导向的体系化基础研究、前沿导向的探索性基础研究、市场导向的应用性基础研究，注重发挥国家实验室引领作用、国家科研机构建制化组织作用、高水平研究型大学主力军作用和科技领军企业“出题人”、“答题人”、“阅卷人”作用。要优化基础学科建设布局，支持重点学科、新兴学科、冷门学科和薄弱学科发展，推动学科交叉融合和跨学科研究，构筑全面均衡发展的高质量学科体系。

习近平指出，世界已经进入大科学时代，基础研究组织化程度越来越高，制度保障和政策引导对基础研究产出的影响越来越大。必须深化基础研究体制机制改革，发挥好制度、政策的价值驱动和战略牵引作用。要稳步增加基础研究财政投入，通过税收优惠等多种方式激励企业加大投入，鼓励社会力量设立科学基金、科学捐赠等多元投入，提升国家自然科学基金及其联合基金资助效能，建立完善竞争性支持和稳定支持相结合的基础研究投入机制。要优化国家科技计划基础研究支持体系，完善基础研究项目组织、申报、评审和决策机制，实施差异化分类管理和国际国内同行评议，组织开展面向重大科学问题的协同攻关，鼓励自由探索式研究和非共识创新研究。要处理好新型举国体制与市场机制的关系，健全同基础研究长周期相匹配的科技评价激励、成果应用转化、科技人员薪酬等制度，长期稳定支持一批基础研究创新基地、优势团队和重点方向，打造原始创新策源地和基础研究先锋力量。

习近平强调，要协同构建中国特色国家实验室体系，布局建设基础学科研究中心，超前部署新型科研信息化基础平台，形成强大的基础研究骨干网络。要科学规划布局前瞻引领型、战略导向型、应用支撑型重大科技基础设施，强化设施建设事中事后监管，完善全生命周期管理，全面提升开放共享水平和运行效率。要打好科技仪器设备、操作系统和基础软件国产化攻坚战，鼓励科研机构、高校同企业开展联合攻关，提升国产化替代水平和应用规模，争取早日实现用我国自主的研究平台、仪器设备来解决重大基础研究问题。

习近平指出，加强基础研究，归根结底要靠高水平人才。必须下气力打造体系化、高层次基础研究人才培养平台，让更多基础研究人才竞相涌现。要加大各类人才计划对基础研究人才支持力度，培养使用战略科学家，支持青年科技人才挑大梁、担重任，不断壮大科技领军人才队伍和一流创新团队。要完善基础研究人才差异化评价和长周期支持机制，赋予科技领军人才更大的人财物支配权和技术路线选择权，构建符合基础研究规律和人才成长规律的评价体系。要加强科研学风作风建设，引导科技人员摒弃浮夸、祛除浮躁，坐住坐稳“冷板凳”。要坚持走基础研究人才自主培养之路，深入实施“中学生英才计划”、“强基计划”、“基础学科拔尖学生培养计划”，优化基础学科教育体系，发挥高校特别是“双一流”高校基础研究人才培养主力军作用，加强国家急需高层次人才培养，源源不断地造就规模宏大的基础研究后备力量。

习近平强调，人类要破解共同发展难题，比以往任何时候都更需要国际合作和开放共享。要构筑国际基础研究合作平台，设立面向全球的科学研究基金，加大国家科技计划对外开放力度，围绕气候变化、能源安全、生物安全、外层空间利用等全球问题，拓展和深化中外联合科研。要前瞻谋划和深度参与全球科技治理，参加或发起设立国际科技组织，支持国内高校、科研院所、科技组织同国际对接。要努力增进国际科技界开放、信任、合作，以更多重大原始创新和关键核心技术突破为人类文明进步作出新的更大贡献，并有效维护我国的科技安全利益。

习近平指出，我国几代科技工作者通过接续奋斗铸就的“两弹一星”精神、西迁精神、载人航天精神、科学家精神、探月精神、新时代北斗精神等，共同塑造了中国特色创新生态，成为支撑基础研究发展的不竭动力。要在全社会大力弘扬追求真理、永攀高峰的科学精神，广泛宣传基础研究等科技领域涌现的先进典型和事迹，教育引导广大科技工作者传承老一辈科学家以身许国、心系人民的光荣传统，把论文写在祖国的大地上。要加强国家科普能力建设，深入实施全民科学素质提升行动，线上线下多渠道传播科学知识、展示科技成就，树立热爱科学、崇尚科学的社会风尚。要在教育“双减”中做好科学教育加法，激发青少年好奇心、想象力、探求欲，培育具备科学家潜质、愿意献身科学研究事业的青少年群体。

习近平最后强调，各级领导干部要学习科技知识、发扬科学精神，主动靠前为科技工作者排忧解难、松绑减负、加油鼓劲，把党中央关于科技创新的一系列战略部署落到实处。

Xi stresses basic research for self-reliance in science and technology

Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, has called for strengthening basic research to consolidate the country's self-reliance and strength in science and technology.

Xi made the remarks when chairing the third group study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee on Tuesday.

Xi said that strengthening basic research is an urgent requirement for achieving greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and it is the only way to become a world leader in science and technology.

He said that the Party and the country have always attached importance to basic research.

At present, a new round of sci-tech revolution and industrial transformation is advancing by leaps and bounds, interdisciplinary integration is growing, the paradigm of scientific research is undergoing profound changes, the integration of science and technology with economic and social development is accelerating, the application cycle of basic research is significantly shortened, and international competition in basic research is moving to the forefront, Xi said.

To cope with international sci-tech competition, achieve greater self-reliance, foster a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development, there is an urgent need to strengthen basic research and address key technologies from the source and from the bottom, Xi added.

He stressed efforts to strengthen the forward-looking, strategic and systematic layout of basic research.

He said that the frontier science and technology in the world should be integrated with the major national strategic needs and economic and social development goals.

Xi urged efforts to coordinate frontier questions raised in light of the law of science development with theoretical questions drawn from major applied research, and sum up key scientific questions in basic research.

He also called for strengthening the feasibility studies and the selection and evaluation of major basic research projects, fully respecting scientists' advice, and grasping the general trends to make an early start.

Xi noted that it is necessary to strengthen the country's strategic strength in science and technology; promote strategic, frontier and market-oriented basic research in an organized way; and give full play to the role of national laboratories, national research institutions, high-level research universities and leading sci-tech enterprises.

The country will optimize the layout of basic disciplines, support the development of key, emerging, less-popular, and weak disciplines, and promote interdisciplinary integration and research, so as to build a high-quality discipline system with comprehensive and balanced development, he added.

Xi called for the institutional reform of basic research to be deepened, and for the value-driven and strategy-directed role of systems and policies to be given full play.

Fiscal investment in basic research should be steadily increased, enterprises should be motivated to invest more through measures such as tax incentives, input from social forces should be encouraged, and the efficiency of the national natural science fund and its joint funds should be improved, he said.

Xi stressed the need to improve the organization, application, review and decision-making mechanisms for basic research projects, and coordinate efforts to tackle major scientific issues.

He urged efforts to handle the relationship between the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide and the market mechanism well, and efforts to improve the evaluation and incentive system, the achievement application and transformation system and the salary system in response to the long cycle of basic research. He also called for long-term and steady support for a batch of innovation bases, competitive teams and key directions for basic research.

Xi stressed the need to establish a national laboratory system with Chinese characteristics, set up research centers for basic disciplines, build new research information platforms, and form a leading basic research backbone network.

He also urged efforts to draw up scientific plans for major sci-tech infrastructure facilities that are forward-looking, strategy-oriented and application-supporting.

Xi urged support for various basic research talent programs to be strengthened, adding that strategic scientists should be trained and used, young sci-tech talent should be supported to play a key role, and leading sci-tech and innovative talent teams should be continuously expanded.

He said that it is essential to improve the style of study and work in the scientific research field; and called for adhering to the path of independent training for basic research talent, optimizing the basic discipline education system, and giving full play to the leading role of colleges and universities in the training of basic research talent.

Xi stressed that international cooperation, opening-up and sharing are needed more than ever for humanity to tackle common development challenges.

It is necessary to build a platform for international cooperation on basic research, establish a global scientific research fund, increase the opening-up of national sci-tech programs to the outside world, and expand and deepen joint scientific research between China and other countries on global issues such as climate change, energy security, biosecurity and the use of outer space, he said.

Xi urged efforts to plan ahead and participate deeply in global sci-tech governance, participate in or initiate international sci-tech organizations, and support domestic universities, research institutes and sci-tech organizations to connect with the international community.

Xi also noted that efforts should be made to enhance openness, trust and cooperation in the international sci-tech community to make new and greater contributions to the progress of human civilization and also effectively safeguard China's sci-tech security and interests.

He urged efforts to carry forward the scientific spirit of pursuing truth and scaling new heights, widely publicize the advanced models and actions in basic research and other sci-tech fields, and guide the majority of sci-tech workers to carry on the tradition of the older generation of scientists who committed themselves to the country and cared for the people.

Xi called for strengthening the country's ability to popularize science, pushing forward the campaign to improve the scientific literacy of the public, spreading scientific knowledge widely, showing scientific achievements online and offline through multiple channels, and fostering a social trend of promoting science.

Efforts should also be made to inspire young people's curiosity, imagination and desire to explore, and cultivate young people with the potential to become scientists, he said.

Xi urged officials at all levels to gain sci-tech knowledge, carry forward the scientific spirit, take the initiative to solve problems and relieve burdens for sci-tech workers, and put into practice a series of strategic plans on sci-tech innovation made by the CPC Central Committee.