双语新闻播报（July 12）

> Global warming is making extreme rain and catastrophic flooding more likely
研究：全球变暖会引发更多特大暴雨和洪灾

A warming world is transforming some major snowfalls over mountains into extreme rain, worsening both dangerous flooding as well as long-term water shortages, a new study has found.
一项最新研究发现，全球变暖正在将一些山区强降雪转变成特大暴雨，从而引发危险的洪灾及长期的水资源短缺。

Using rain and snow measurements since 1950 and computer simulations for future climate, scientists calculated that for every degree Fahrenheit the world warms up, extreme rainfall at higher elevation increases by 8.3%, according to a study in the journal Nature.
根据发表在《自然》杂志上的这项研究，科学家查看了1950年以来的雨雪测量结果以及对未来气候的计算机模拟，估算出这样一个结果：全球温度每升高1华氏度，高海拔地区发生特大暴雨的几率就会增加8.3%。

Heavy rain in mountains causes a lot more problems than big snow, including flooding, landslides and erosion, scientists said.
科学家指出，在山区，与强降雪相比，强降雨所引发的问题多得多，包括洪水、山体滑坡和水土流失。

And the rain is not conveniently stored away like snowpack that can recharge reservoirs in spring and summer.
因为雨水不像积雪那样方便储存，融化后可以在春夏两季充盈水库。

"It is not just a far-off problem that is projected to occur in the future, but the data is actually telling us that it’s already happening, and we see that in the data over the past few decades,” said lead author Mohammed Ombadi, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory hydrologist and climate scientist.
该研究的首席作者、劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室的水文学家、气候学家穆罕默德•翁巴迪称：“这不是一个预计在未来发生的遥远的问题，数据实际上告诉我们，它已经发生了，从过去几十年的数据就能看到。”

The study looked at only the heaviest rains each year over six decades in the northern hemisphere, finding that as altitude rose, so did the turbo-charging of rain. The biggest increase in rains were noticed at about 10,000 feet (3,000 meters).
这项研究只考察了北半球60年来每年最强降雨的数据，发现随着海拔升高，降雨的涡轮增压也会增加。降雨量增幅最明显的是在10000英尺（3000米）的地方。

That includes much of the American West, where Ombadi said “it’s very pronounced”, as well as parts of the Appalachian Mountains.
这就包括了美国西部的大部分地区，即翁巴迪所说的“非常明显”的地方以及阿巴拉契亚山脉的部分地区。

Another big hotspot in Asia is the Himalayas, Tian Shan and Hindu Kush mountains, with the Alps also affected.
另外一个降雨增幅明显的地区是亚洲的喜马拉雅山、天山山脉和兴都库什山脉。阿尔卑斯山脉的降雨量也受到了气候的影响。

About one in four people on Earth live in an area close enough to mountains or downhill that extreme rain and flooding would hit them, Ombadi said.
翁巴迪称，地球上大约有四分之一的人口生活在可能遭遇特大暴雨或洪水的山区或山脚附近。

The flooding also can hurt food production, he said.
翁巴迪表示，洪水还会损害粮食生产。

He pointed to California department of agriculture estimates of $89m in crop and livestock losses from this year’s torrential rains.
他指出，美国加州农业部估计今年的暴雨将造成8900万美元（约合人民币6.45亿元）的农作物和牲畜损失。

In the long term, another problem is water supply. When the American West gets heavy snowfall in the winter, that snow melts slowly in spring and summer, filling reservoirs, where it can be useful when it is needed later.
从长远来看，另一个问题是供水。通常美国西部地区冬天下大雪时，积雪会在来年春夏两季慢慢融化填充到水库中，以供不时之需。

> Universities reopen to public visits
北大清华等高校恢复公众开放

After more than three years, a number of top universities in China, such as Peking University and Tsinghua University, is allowing the public to enter the campus.
在经过3年的封闭管理后，日前，中国一些顶尖学府，如北京大学和清华大学发布公告，从7月8日起恢复校园预约参观通道。

Tsinghua will allow ordinary visitors from July 8 to Aug 6, from 9 to 11 am and 2 to 4 pm.
清华大学发布公告称，对外开放参观时间为7月8日（周六）至8月6日（周日），允许普通访客进入。开放日入校时间为上午9：00至11：00，下午14：00至16：00。

The university is closed to visitors on Mondays.
其中，每周一为休整日，不对外开放。

Each visitor is only allowed to visit the university once, and can book three slots for companions.
个人每人在暑期校园参观开放期内仅能成功预约1次，最多可为同行的另外3人预约。

Group travel is open only to primary and secondary school students.
团队参观仅面向中小学生群体开放。

In a similar notice, Peking University said that starting from Saturday, it will open for ordinary visitors during summer and winter vacations, public holidays and weekends.
在北大发布的类似公告中明确，2023年7月8日，北京大学恢复校园预约参观通道。一般情况下，寒暑假、法定节假日及双休日期间，开放校园参观。

Some other famous universities, including Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Wuhan University, have also announced recently that they will allow visitors.
目前，其它顶尖大学，如复旦、上海交大、武大等多家高校，也陆续宣布对社会公众开放校园。

In a poll by Southern Metropolis Daily in late May, more than 96 percent of college students said they support the idea of opening their universities, but they also expressed concerns that it may exert more pressure on maintaining order on campus.
《南方都市报》5月底的一项民意调查结果显示，虽然超过96%的大学生表示他们支持开放大学的想法，但他们也表示担心，这可能会给维持校园秩序带来更大的压力。

Top universities have always been popular sites for travelers, especially for Chinese parents and students eager to embrace the academic atmosphere.
顶尖大学一直是热门旅游景点，特别是对于渴望拥抱学术氛围的中国家长和学生们来说。

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