高中语文新教材古诗文占近一半 20篇要求背诵

教育部日前召开新闻发布会介绍高中三科统编教材情况。今年9月起，高中思想政治、语文、历史三科统编教材将在北京、上海、天津、山东、海南、辽宁6个省（市）率先使用。其他省市也将在2022年前全部使用新教材。

"The new Chinese textbooks boast a selection of 67 classic works of ancient poetry and prose that account for 49.3 percent of all articles," said Wen Rumei, editor-in-chief of the new Chinese textbooks, at a press conference held by the Ministry of Education (MOE) on Tuesday.
普通高中语文教材总主编温儒敏介绍，新的统编语文教材中，共选入古代诗文67篇（首），占全部课文数的49.3%。

【词汇讲解】

这些名词均含“文章”或“论文”之意。Composition多指学校里老师给学生的作文练习；article多指在报刊、杂志上发表的非文艺性的文章，包括新闻报道、学术论文等；prose专指散文。Paper是美式英语，对应的英式英语是essay，在大学里一般都指文章，作为考试成绩的一部分，不是专著性的论文。而thesis和dissertation在中文里都可以翻译为论文、毕业论文，有时也可以互换使用，表示博士论文或者硕士论文。不过严格地说，英国大学和美国大学对这两个词的使用和定义很不一样，可以说正好相反：英国的博士论文一般都是thesis，指有创见性的专著性论文，硕士论文是dissertation；而在美国dissertation表示最高一层的、深入的、有独创性的毕业论文，即博士论文，thesis则多指硕士论文。

据悉，语文新教材精选了反映中华优秀传统文化的经典名篇（classic articles featuring traditional Chinese culture），从古风、民歌（folk music）、绝句（quatrains）、律诗（metrical verse）到词曲，从诸子散文到历史散文（proses），从两汉论文、魏晋辞赋到唐宋明清古文，从文言小说（classical novels）到白话小说（vernacular novels），均有呈现。

The textbook puts special emphasis on China's revolutionary history, including five articles written by late Chinese leader Mao Zedong and five articles by prominent modern Chinese writer Lu Xun, who was a leading figure in the New Culture Movement in the 1910s, Wen said.
温儒敏表示，语文教材选取反映革命历史的作品，其中包括毛泽东的5篇（首）文章，以及上世纪初“新文化运动”先锋鲁迅的5篇文章。

It also includes more than 10 foreign classic articles as well as those reflecting China's achievements, he added.
教材也选入了十多篇外国文学文化经典作品，以及反映我国发展成就的作品。

针对背诵问题，温儒敏说，古诗文的背诵数不是很多，“高中要求背诵的古诗文才20篇，如果以三年来算，平均每个学年背诵六七篇，并不是很多。”

说到那些年背过的古诗词，相信每个人都有属于自己的记忆。不如跟我们一起回顾其中两篇吧，顺便欣赏一下名家翻译的英文版。

苏轼《水调歌头》

明月几时有？把酒问青天。
不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年？
我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇，高处不胜寒。
起舞弄清影，何似在人间。

转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠。
不应有恨，何事长向别时圆？
人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。
但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。

许渊冲先生译作：

How long will the full moon appear?

Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky.

I do not know what time of the year

’Twould be tonight in the palace on high.

Riding the wind, there I would fly,

Yet I’m afraid the crystalline palace would be

Too high and cold for me.

I rise and dance, with my shadow I play.

On high as on earth, would it be as gay?

The moon goes round the mansions red

Through gauze-draped window soft to shed

Her light upon the sleepless bed.

Why then when people part, is the oft full and bright?

Men have sorrow and joy; they part or meet again;

The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane.

There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.

So let us wish that man

Will live long as he can!

Though miles apart, we’ll share the beauty she displays.

沁园春 长沙（1925 年）

毛泽东

独立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲头。

看万山红遍，层林尽染；漫江碧透，百舸争流。

鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底，万类霜天竞自由。

怅寥廓，问苍茫天地，谁主沉浮？

携来百侣曾游，忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠。

恰同学少年，风华正茂；书生意气，挥斥方遒。

指点江山，激扬文字，粪土当年万户侯。

曾记否，到中流击水，浪遏飞舟！

许渊冲先生译作：

CHANGSHA Tune:“ SPRING IN A PLEASURE GARDEN”（1925）

In autumn cold stand I

Of Orange Islet at the head

Where River Xiang northward goes by

I see hill on hill all in red

And wood on wood in a deep dye

The river green down to the bed

In speed a hundred barges vie

Far and wide eagles cleave the blue

Up and down fish in shallows glide

All creatures strive for freedom under frosty skies

Lost in immensity

I wonder who

Upon this boundless earth, decide

All beings’ fall and rise

With many friends I oft came here

How thick with salient days the bygones times appear

When, students in the flower of our age

Our spirit bright was at its height

Full of the scholar s notable rage

We criticized with all our might

Pointing to stream and hill

Writing in blame or praise

We treat d like dirt all mighty lords of old days

Do you remember still

Swimming mid-stream,we struck waves to impede

That boats which passed at flying speed?

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）