2020年8月新闻热词汇总

起诉 file a lawsuit

总部位于洛杉矶的互联网公司TikTok8月22日宣布，将就美国政府涉及该公司及其母公司字节跳动的行政令提起诉讼，以维护自身合法权益。

"Over the past year we have earnestly sought to communicate with the US government and provided solutions regarding its concerns," the company said in a statement on Sunday. "But the US administration disregarded facts, disobeyed necessary legal procedures and tried to insert itself into negotiations between private businesses. "To ensure that the rule of law is not discarded, and that our company and users are treated fairly, we announce that we will officially file a lawsuit to safeguard our interests."
TikTok当天发布声明说：“近一年来，我们怀着真诚的态度，寻求跟美国政府沟通，针对他们所提出的顾虑提供解决方案。但美国政府罔顾事实，不遵循正当法律程序，甚至试图强行介入商业公司谈判。为确保法治不被摒弃，确保公司和用户获得公正的对待，我们将通过诉讼维护权益。”

【单词讲解】

这里的disregard facts（罔顾事实）和disobey necessary legal procedures（不遵循正当法律程序）中用到的disregard和disobey都是在动词前面加了表示否定的前缀“dis”后（dis+regard以及dis+obey）表示与原动词相反的意思，其他类似的词还有disappear，dishonest，disagree，disapprove等。

再补充几个类似的表达：不尊重历史，不符合事实（disrespect history and conflict with the fact）、中美脱钩（decouple China and the US）、玩弄双重标准（apply double standards）、颠倒黑白（distort facts）。

字节跳动证实，诉状将于当地时间8月24日提交，针对的是美国总统特朗普8月6日签署的行政令（executive order）。

Trump signed the directive on Aug 6 blocking all transactions with ByteDance in an effort to "address the national emergency". The order was to take effect within 45 days.
8月6日，特朗普签署行政令，称TikTok对美国国家安全构成威胁，将在45天后禁止任何美国个人或实体与TikTok及其中国母公司进行任何交易。

On Aug 14, the president signed another executive order, this time giving ByteDance 90 days to sell or spin off TikTok in the United States.
8月14日，特朗普再签行政令，要求字节跳动在90天内剥离TikTok在美国运营的所有权益。

Besides the company's lawsuit, its US employees plan to take the US government to court over the directive.
除计划24日提起的诉讼外，TikTok美国员工也计划发起针对美国政府的诉讼。

公司正在制订预案

The company is preparing for the worst -- a shutdown plan to keep its employees in the United States on the payroll, even if the app is shut down in the country.
公司正在制订预案，寻找在行政令生效、TikTok应用被关闭情况下能够为美国员工支付工资。

TikTok has more than 100 million users, over 1,500 employees and thousands of business partners in the United States, according to ByteDance.
字节跳动表示，TikTok在美国有超1亿用户，1500多名员工以及数千个商业伙伴。

A shutdown, if it occurs, would cause ByteDance a loss of at least 200 billion yuan (28.94 billion US dollars) at a rumored sale of 20 billion US dollars to 50 billion US dollars, the company said.
如果关停TikTok美国业务，按照此前市场传闻200至500亿美元的出售价格，字节跳动将至少损失超过两千亿元。

ByteDance worries that, due to the extremely wide scope and highly uncertain content of the US executive order against ByteDance, the company is unable to ensure that a solution acceptable to all parties can be reached within the time limit set by the US government.
由于美国针对字节跳动的行政令范围极广，内容高度不确定，字节跳动方面担心，无法确保在美国政府限制的时间内，达成各方均能接受的处理方案。

中国商务部新闻发言人高峰8月20日表示，

For some time, the United States has been frequently using so-called "national security" and "national state of emergency" as excuses to restrict or prohibit Chinese companies from carrying out normal investment and business activities in the country, imposing trade ban on Chinese companies on trumped-up charges with no factual or legal basis, Gao said. These actions seriously damaged the legitimate rights and interests of the enterprises and severely violated the basic principles of market economy, according to the spokesperson.
一段时期以来，美方动辄以所谓“国家安全”“国家紧急状态”为由，限制甚至禁止中国企业在美国开展正常的投资经营活动，以莫须有的罪名对中国企业施加交易禁令，毫无事实和法律依据，严重损害企业的正当权益，严重违背市场经济基本原则。

US sanctions and suppression will surely undermine investors' confidence in the country, he said.
美方的制裁打压，无疑会动摇投资者在美投资的信心。

China firmly opposes using national security reviews targeting investment as a political tool, and generalizing and abuse of security reviews, Gao said.
中方坚决反对将投资国家安全审查作为政治工具、泛化和滥用安全审查的做法。

The Chinese government is determined to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises, Gao added.
中国政府维护本国企业正当合法权益的决心坚定不移。

China urges the United States to stop its wrongdoing and groundless suppression of Chinese enterprises, and do more to benefit the economic and trade cooperation between the two countries and the well-being of the two peoples, Gao added.
我们再次敦促美方摒弃错误做法，停止对中国企业的无端打压，多做有利于中美两国经贸合作和人民福祉的事情。

注册制 the registration-based initial public offering system

Eighteen start-up companies went public Monday on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The companies were listed under the registration-based IPO system, which aims to simplify and shorten the previously lengthy approval process for IPO issuance and enhance the capital market's inclusiveness to innovation and start-up firms.
8月24日，创业板注册制首批18家企业在深交所上市。注册制旨在精简此前冗长的上市审批流程，增强资本市场对创新创业企业的包容性。

【知识点】

推进创业板改革并试点注册制（the registration-based initial public offering system），是深化资本市场改革（deepen capital market reforms）、完善资本市场基础制度（optimize the capital market's basic syste）、提升资本市场功能（ improve capital market functions）的重要安排。

根据近年来经济形势变化和多层次资本市场发展实际，改革后创业板将定位为，深入贯彻创新驱动发展战略（innovation-driven development strategy），适应发展更多依靠创新、创造、创意的大趋势，主要服务成长型创新创业企业（innovation and start-up enterprises），支持传统产业与新技术、新产业、新业态、新模式深度融合（integration of traditional industries and new technology, new industries and new business models）。

在试点注册制安排方面，参照科创板的做法，在坚持规范、透明、公开（regulated, transparent and open），严把质量关的基础上，将审核注册程序分为交易所审核（IPO screening）、证监会注册（IPO registration）两个相互衔接的环节。证监会对深交所审核工作进行监督。

交易机制变化

据介绍，创业板注册制首批首发企业上市首日起交易机制将发生变化。

一是调整涨跌幅限制。创业板注册制新股上市前5个交易日不设日涨跌幅限制（no upper limits for daily price fluctuation in the first 5 trading days），之后日涨跌幅限制比例为20%。

二是引入申报价格范围限制（bidding price range）。创业板股票连续竞价阶段限价申报的买入申报价格不得高于买入基准价格的102%，卖出申报价格不得低于卖出基准价格的98%。

三是优化盘中临时停牌机制。创业板无价格涨跌幅限制股票盘中临时停牌（temporary trade suspension）的触发阈值为涨跌30%和60%（limit up of 30% and limit down of 60%），停牌持续时间为10分钟，在警示交易风险的同时，保障交易连续性和市场价格发现功能。

四是调整单笔最高申报数量。创业板股票限价申报的单笔买卖申报数量（the number of limit orders in one trade）不得超过30万股，市价申报的单笔买卖申报数量不得超过15万股。

网络环境 online environment

近日，教育部等六部门印发《关于联合开展未成年人网络环境专项治理行动的通知》，将在全国开展未成年人网络环境整治。

The document said that China will take tough action against bad online social interactions and undesirable phenomena involving minors, including cyberbullying and cyber violence, as well as law violations like racketeering.
通知指出，全国将对网络欺凌和暴力等涉及未成年人的不良网络社交行为和现象，以及敲诈勒索等违法活动加大治理力度。

【单词讲解】

Minor这个词用法很多，可以用作动词、名词和形容词。在法律上，minor指未满18岁的人，即“未成年人”。在学校里，minor可以指“辅修（课程）”或者“辅修生”，与major（专业）相对，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.（我辅修计算机科学。）用作形容词的时候，minor也是与major相对的，表示“次要的、轻微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.（她在电影里扮演过一些小角色。）

六部门将集中整治未成年人沉迷网络（internet addiction）问题，重点对未落实网络游戏用户账号实名注册制度（real-name registration system for online games）、控制未成年人使用网络游戏时段时长（time frame and length allowed for online games）、规范向未成年人提供付费和打赏服务（limit payment and tipping service）等方面要求的网络游戏企业或平台进行全面整治。

进一步推动网络直播和视频平台开发使用青少年网络防沉迷模式（anti-addiction mode）。完善实名实认证、功能限制、时长限定、内容审核（content screening）、算法推荐等运行机制。

对近期曝光的“饭圈（fans group）”、“黑界”、“祖安文化”等涉及未成年人不良网络社交行为和现象，六部门将加大治理力度。对相关QQ账号、群组等通报相关企业，依法依规采取关闭群组、关闭账号等处置措施。

【知识点】

这里的“黑界”多见于QQ群，用各种组织形式将人群划分阶层，并在其中模仿成人社会的规则。黑界成员从入门开始，就要学习如何用键盘进行骂战。从基础到进阶，每一步都和骂战有关（来源于知乎）。所以，我们可以暂且将其翻译为“groups of slanderers”。

“祖安文化”则来源于网络游戏。“祖安”一词源于某网游同名服务区，该区玩家以爱说脏话、擅长骂人著称。后来“祖安”逐渐演变成讲脏话骂人的代名词。一些未成年人有样学样，以“祖安男孩”“祖安女孩”自居（来源于新华网）。我们可以暂且翻译为“swearing culture”。

重点整治学习教育类网站平台和其他网站的网课学习板块

Online games, vulgar fiction, entertainment livestreams and other information that are irrelevant to studies provided by educational websites will also be dealt with, according to the circular.
通知明确，将重点整治教育类网站推送网络游戏、低俗小说、娱乐直播等与学习无关的信息问题。

首都功能核心区 the core area of the capital

China has approved a detailed plan for the core area of the capital city of Beijing for the 2018-2035 period, stressing its functions of serving central administrative organs as well as the firm and orderly relief of its non-capital roles.
首都功能核心区控制性详细规划（2018年-2035年）近日获批，规划强调要服务保障中央政务，有序疏解非首都功能。

【知识点】

首都功能核心区（the core area of the capital），包括北京市的东城区和西城区两个行政区，总面积92.5平方公里，是全国政治中心、文化中心和国际交往中心（the country's political, cultural and international exchange center）的核心承载区，是历史文化名城保护的重点地区（a key area for preservation of historical sites），是展示国家首都形象的重要窗口地区（a window to display the capital city of China）。

规划提出，强化“两轴、一城、一环”的城市空间结构。其中“两轴”为中轴线（the Central Axis）及长安街（Chang'an Avenue），中轴线以文化功能为主，长安街以国家行政、文化、国际交往功能为主；“一城”为北京老城（old downtown area of Beijing）；“一环”指沿二环路的文化景观环线（scenic spots along the second Ring Road featuring diverse culture of Beijing）。

政治中心的服务保障

In the statement, the top leadership instructed the city's authorities to promote the organic integration of government and urban functions, while highlighting the area's role in serving Beijing's function as the national political center.
规划提出，推动政务功能与城市功能有机融合，突出政治中心的服务保障。

The functional reorganization of the core area should be steadily advanced to create more space to support central government activities, according to the statement.
稳步推进核心区功能重组，以更大范围空间布局支撑中央政务活动。

有序疏解非首都功能

It emphasized firm and orderly steps in easing the non-capital functions of the core area, including gradually relocating some administrative agencies, along with education, research and medical services, while reducing the area's density of population, buildings, as well as business and tourism activities.
坚定有序疏解非首都功能。有序推动部分行政性及事业性服务机构，产业及教育科研、医疗等功能的疏解，降低人口、建筑、商业和旅游密度。

饭店坍塌事故 restaurant collapse accident

8月29日9时40分左右，临汾市襄汾县陶寺乡陈庄村聚仙饭店发生坍塌事故。

The collapse accident happened at around 9:40 am when relatives and fellow villagers were attending the birthday party banquet of an 80-year-old person at a restaurant in Chenzhuang village in Xiangfen county, in the city of Linfen, North China's Shanxi province, witnesses said.
据目击者称，坍塌事故发生在当天9时40分左右，当时，亲朋及当地村民正在山西省临汾市襄汾县陈庄村一饭店内参加一位80岁老人的寿宴。

【单词讲解】

简单回顾一下accident和incident的区别。Accident指不可预知的，偶然发生的意外事件，通常会导致人员受伤或者财务损失等不好的后果，比如：car、traffic accident（车祸）；incident指代的范围要大得多，可以指各种事件，好的坏的，有计划的、偶然的发生的事情都可以用incident来表示，比如： shooting incident （枪击事件）、an isolated incident（孤立事件）等。再看个例句：The demonstration took place without incident.展示活动顺利进行。

The rescue operation ended at 3:52 am on Sunday. At that point, 57 people had been pulled out of the debris of the collapsed two-story building, including the 29 dead, seven severely injured and 21 slightly injured, rescue headquarters said.
截至8月30日3时52分，坍塌事故抢险救援工作结束，共搜救出57名被埋人员，其中29人遇难，7人重伤，21人轻伤。

事故现场救援人员达840人

Top provincial officials on Saturday ordered all-out efforts for the rescue operation involving 840 rescue workers and more than 100 medical staff.
山西省领导同志派出840名救援人员，100多名医疗人员，要求全力进行救援。

Rescuers earlier used small tools and bare hands to search for trapped people as the narrowness of the collapsed site and fears of further collapse complicated the rescue efforts. They later continued the rescue operation with the help of large machinery, sniffer dogs, and life detectors.
由于空间狭小，且有二次坍塌的风险，给救援工作造成一定困难，救援人员最初使用小型工具、徒手挖等方式搜寻被困人员，之后，大型挖掘机入场，救援人员利用搜救犬、生命探测仪等工具全面搜索被困人员。

国务院安委会挂牌督办

The Work Safety Committee of China's State Council said Saturday it will supervise the investigation into the restaurant collapse, ordering to screen safety risks of illegal buildings.
国务院安委会8月29日决定对此次饭店坍塌事故查处进行挂牌督办，推动全面排查违建房屋风险。

The province set up a special team on Sunday to investigate and bring those responsible to justice.
8月30日，山西省成立事故调查组，严惩事故责任人。

The Shanxi provincial government has ordered a safety inspection over buildings and public gathering places across the province starting Sunday.
山西省决定，从8月30日起在全省范围内立即开展房屋建筑和人员聚集场所安全专项检查。

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）