2020年12月新闻热词汇总

中国媒体十大新词语 Top 10 new words in media

12月16日，国家语言资源监测与研究中心发布“2020年度中国媒体十大新词语”。本次发布的十大新词语依次是：

一、复工复产 resumption of work and production

二、新冠疫情 COVID-19 pandemic

三、无症状感染者 asymptomatic cases

四、方舱医院 makeshift hospitals

五、健康码 health QR code/health code

六、数字人民币 digital currency

七、服贸会 China International Fair for Trade in Services, CIFTIS

八、双循环 dual circulation

九、天问一号 Tianwen 1

十、无接触配送 contactless delivery

嫦娥五号 Chang'e-5 mission

President Xi Jinping on Dec 17 congratulated the complete success of the Chang'e-5 mission that brings back the country's first samples collected from the moon. On behalf of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), Xi, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the CMC, extended warm congratulations and sincere greetings to all members who participated in the Chang'e-5 mission in a congratulatory message.
12月17日，嫦娥五号首次实现了我国地外天体采样返回。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平发来贺电，代表党中央、国务院和中央军委，向探月工程任务指挥部并参加嫦娥五号任务的全体同志致以热烈的祝贺和诚挚的问候。

As China's most complicated space project, the Chang'e-5 mission has achieved the extraterrestrial sampling and returning for the first time. It is another major achievement in overcoming difficulties by giving full play to the advantages of the new nationwide system, marking a great step forward in China's space industry. This will contribute to deepening the understanding of the origin of the moon and the evolution history of the solar system.
嫦娥五号任务作为我国复杂度最高、技术跨度最大的航天系统工程，首次实现了我国地外天体采样返回。这是发挥新型举国体制优势攻坚克难取得的又一重大成就，标志着中国航天向前迈出的一大步，将为深化人类对月球成因和太阳系演化历史的科学认知作出贡献。

人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录 Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会第15届常会于12月14日至19日在线上召开。本届常会共评审57个国家申报的50个非物质文化遗产项目。

Tai Chi, a centuries-old martial art and now a popular form of exercise, was inscribed on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Thursday evening (Beijing Time). Another honored entry is "Wangchuan ceremony and related practices for maintaining the sustainable connection between man and the ocean," which was nominated by China together with Malaysia.
北京时间12月17日晚，我国单独申报的“太极拳”、我国与马来西亚联合申报的“送王船——有关人与海洋可持续联系的仪式及相关实践”两个项目，列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

【单词讲解】

Inscribe这个词的本意是“雕、刻”，刻上去的文字一般会保留很长时间，所以这个词也有“写入、记录”之意，即to write, engrave, or print as a lasting record或者to enter on a list，常用的搭配除了上文中的inscribe something on something (as...)以外，还有inscribe something with...，比如：They inscribed the monument with the soldiers' names.（他们把战士们的名字刻在纪念碑上。）

太极拳

Originating during the mid 17th century in Wenxian county in Henan province in central China, it is now practiced throughout China by people of all ages and by different ethnic groups.
太极拳自17世纪中叶发源于河南省温县以来，习练者遍布全国各地，不限年龄、不限民族。

Tai chi's basic movements center on wubu (five steps) and bafa (eight techniques) with a series of routines, exercises and tuishou (hand-pushing skills, performed with a counterpart).
太极拳最核心的动作是“八法五步”常规招式以及“推手”（两人之间双手的徒手对抗）。

送王船

The wangchuan ceremony and related practices are rooted in folk customs of worshipping Ong Yah, a deity believed to protect people and their lands from disasters.
送王船及相关实践源自于民间的王爷崇拜信俗，据称王爷是可以保护民众及其土地免受灾害的一位天神。

The element evokes the historical memory of ancestors' ocean-going and honors the harmony between man and the ocean. It also bears witness to the intercultural dialogue among communities.
送王船传递着人们对先辈走向海洋的历史记忆，体现了人与自然和谐相处的理念，见证了社群之间的跨文化对话。

【知识点】

根据联合国教科文组织的定义，非物质文化遗产（Intangible Cultural Heritage）包括口头传统（oral traditions）, 表演艺术（performing arts）, 社会惯例（social practices），仪式（rituals）, 节日活动（festive events）, 与本土或全球有关的知识及惯例（knowledge and practices concerning native and the universe）或者制作传统工艺品的知识和技能（the knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts）。

至此，我国共有42个非物质文化遗产项目列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录（册）（42 entries in UNESCO''s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage List of Humanity），居世界第一。

新冠病毒疫苗 COVID-19 vaccines

国务院联防联控机制12月19日的新闻发布会表示，在冬春季节到来之际，对部分重点人群开展新冠病毒疫苗接种工作，后续争取做到高风险人群“应接尽接”。

In a two-step vaccination drive, the COVID-19 vaccines will be given first to priority groups, including those engaged in handling imported cold-chain products and people working in exposed sectors such as port inspection and quarantine, ship pilotage, aviation, fresh market, public transport, medical treatment, and disease control, Cui Gang, an official with NHC's disease control department, said at a press conference.The vaccination program will also cover those who plan to work or study in countries and regions with medium or high risks of exposure to the virus, Cui added.
国家卫生健康委疾控局负责人崔钢介绍，我国目前接种的策略是按照“两步走”方案，第一步主要是针对部分重点人群开展接种，这些人群包括从事进口冷链、口岸检疫、船舶引航、航空空勤、生鲜市场、公共交通、医疗疾控等感染风险比较高的工作人员，以及前往中高风险国家或者地区去工作或者学习的人员。

【单词讲解】

关于“疫苗”的几个词，vaccine就是“疫苗”本身，vaccinate就是“注射疫苗、接种疫苗”这个动作，而其名词形式vaccination就是“接种疫苗”这件事。动词inoculate在表示“接种（疫苗）”这个意思的时候与vaccinate是可以互换使用的，其名词形式是inoculation，不过inoculate还可以表示“灌输（思想）”，常用的搭配是inoculate someone with，比如：The teacher inoculated them with the idea that the individual can always make a difference in this world.（老师给他们灌输的思想是，个人是可以给这个世界带来改变的。）

Next, with COVID-19 vaccines officially approved to enter the market or the yield of vaccines improving steadily, China will put more vaccines into use, inoculating the eligible population as widely as possible, Cui said.
第二步，随着疫苗正式批准上市，疫苗产量逐步提高，将会有更多的疫苗投入使用。符合条件的群众都能实现“应接尽接”。

【单词讲解】

Eligible这个词在阅读和写作中经常用到，可以用作动词或名词表示“符合条件的（人）；合适的（结婚对象）”，比如：you are not eligible for unemployment benefits since you are not really out of work（你并不是完全失业，所以没有资格领取失业救济金）。His mother is keen to find him an eligible within a short period of time.（他母亲着急想在短时间内给他找个合适的对象）。

我国疫苗研发处于全球第一方阵

疫情发生以后，我国布局了五条技术路线，推进疫苗研发。目前，按照世界卫生组织统计，我国进入临床试验的疫苗和进入三期临床的疫苗，都处于全球第一方阵。

More than one million doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been distributed for emergency inoculation use since July.The emergency vaccinations were given to people with high exposure risks on the premise of voluntary, informed consent.
7月以来，在高风险暴露人群自愿、知情、同意的前提下，我国已经累计完成100多万剂次紧急接种疫苗工作。

After strict monitoring and observation, no serious adverse reactions took place.
经过严格的不良反应监测和追踪观察，没有出现严重的不良反应。

目前，我国进展比较快的疫苗已经获得了三期临床试验中期需要的病例数，近期已经在向国家药监局提供相关材料。

If the vaccine's (performance) statistics reach the required standards, the medical products administration will approve it for the market, and then our vaccine will be produced and rolled out more quickly, because we have already prepared for mass production.
如果数据达到相应标准，国家药监部门将会批准附条件上市或者上市，我国的疫苗将会更快地普及，更快地提高产量，我国已做好大规模生产的准备。

新冠疫苗有效期多长？

国家卫生健康委副主任曾益新表示：

It is too early to conclude whether the Chinese vaccines can offer lifelong immunity or protection for five to 10 years like many other viral vaccines.
我国新冠疫苗保护期能不能像很多病毒性疫苗一样，能够终身免疫，或者至少保护五年十年，还不能下这个结论。

"However, there is little doubt that Chinese COVID-19 vaccines can offer protection for at least six months based on existing evidence," he said, adding that this standard is on par with the requirement by the World Health Organization.
当前证据显示，疫苗保护期，按世卫组织的规定要求的半年以上，基本上没有太多的疑问。

【单词讲解】

这里的on par with有时候也写作on a par with，表示“与...标准（水平）一致”，比如：His new book is on par with his best sellers.（他的新书跟他其他的畅销书水平相当）。

Optimistically speaking, it would be unlikely for the public to need to routinely take COVID-19 vaccines once every six months to one year, like flu shots, because the flu virus mutates very quickly and there may be a different strain every year causing an outbreak.
流感疫苗每年打一次，是因为流感病毒变异特别快，每年不同的亚型在流行。新冠疫苗不存在半年或者一年要重新再接种一次，比较乐观的估计，可能性不大。

"Although we believe the COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective, we advise the public to maintain personal hygiene and protection, including wearing masks, washing hands and practicing social distancing," he said.
虽然我们相信新冠疫苗是安全有效的，但是大家要继续维持个人卫生和防护措施，包括戴口罩、勤洗手、保证社交距离等这些好习惯。

This is because no vaccine can guarantee 100 percent protection, and people should not lower their guard, especially not before herd immunity has been established, he added.
目前为止还没有任何一个疫苗说保护率达到百分之百的。特别是在当前群体免疫还没有建立起来的情况下，即使打了疫苗，防护措施仍然不能减。

疫苗去哪打？

国家卫生健康委疾控局负责人崔钢表示，

Usually, the vaccination units are located in health service centers, township clinicss or general hospitals, local governments have been requested to publish information on vaccination services in a timely manner.
通常情况下，接种单位都是设在辖区的卫生服务中心、乡镇卫生院或者综合医院，已经要求各地及时公布接种服务信息。

Others who have not been vaccinated for the time being need not worry. Wearing masks in public places, practicing social distance and washing hands are protective measures that have been proven to be very effective.
其他暂时没有接种的群众也不用担心。做好个人防护，在公共场所戴好口罩、保持社交距离、勤洗手等，这些措施都被证明非常有效。

盲盒 mystery boxes

Mystery boxes are gaining popularity in China, with the size of the toy's market expected to reach over 30 billion yuan by 2024, according to an industry report.
一份行业报告显示，盲盒在中国的受欢迎度不断攀升，预计到2024年，盲盒的市场规模将达到300亿元。

【知识点】

“盲盒”，在英语中可以用mystery boxes或mystery toy boxes表示，里面装的通常是动漫、影视作品的周边，或者是设计师单独设计出来的玩偶（collectible figures）。之所以叫“盲盒”，是因为消费者在购买的时候看不到里面装的是哪一款（the packaging doesn't allow buyers to see what's inside），只有在打开之后才能看到。

行业竞争激烈

Makers of the mystery boxes currently face fierce competition in the market, with the leader -- Pop Mart -- having a market share of only 8.5 percent, said the report.
报告指出，盲盒厂商目前面临激烈的市场竞争，位于领先地位的泡泡玛特占据的市场份额仅有8.5%。

女白领和大学生是主要受众

Female white-collar workers and Z-generation college students in first-tier cities are the primary consumers of mystery boxes. Females account for 62.6 percent of consumers, according to the report.
报告显示，一线城市女白领和Z世代大学生是盲盒消费的主力。女性消费者占盲盒消费人群的62.6%。

喜欢未知的刺激感

Young Chinese like cute items to decorate their desks and homes. The surprising nature of what one gets also excites consumers.
中国的年轻人喜欢用可爱的物件装饰他们的办公桌或家里，（购买盲盒）这种充满惊喜的体验也会让消费者觉得刺激。

China's millennials spend more on mystery toys than any other hobby, including designer shoes and e-sports, according to a report from e-commerce platform Tmall, which is owned by Alibaba.
阿里巴巴旗下电商平台天猫的一份报告指出，中国千禧一代在盲盒方面的花费高于名牌鞋和电竞等爱好的花费。