2021年1月新闻热词汇总

进口冷链食品 imported cold-chain food

1月14日，海关总署新闻发言人、统计分析司司长李魁文表示，海关总署严格按照国务院联防联控机制总体部署，加大进口冷链食品的检疫力度，防范新冠肺炎疫情通过进口冷链食品输入的风险。

Overseas food exporters should strictly follow the regulatory guidelines issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization to ensure their exports to China are not contaminated by the novel coronavirus during production, processing, storage or transportation, Li Kuiwen said.
李魁文表示，各国输华食品企业应落实联合国粮农组织（FAO）和世界卫生组织（WHO）食品企业指南，严防输华食品及包装在生产、加工、储存、运输等各环节受到新冠病毒污染。

So far, China has suspended imports from 124 cold-chain food manufacturers across 21 countries where employees had been infected with COVID-19. Among them, 107 companies voluntarily suspended exports to China following outbreaks, Li said.
目前，对发生员工感染新冠肺炎的21个国家的124家冷链食品生产企业采取了暂停其产品进口措施，其中有107家企业是在出现疫情后即自主暂停了对华出口。

【单词讲解】

说到“暂停”，我们可能立即会想到pause这个词，不过，在具体使用的时候，pause更偏重“短时间暂停（后继续进行某事）”的意思，比如：He talked for two hours without pausing for breath.（他说了两个小时的话，都没有停下来喘口气。）On leaving, she paused for a moment at the door.（离开的时候，她在门口停顿了一下。）而上文中的suspension及其动词形式suspend多指“把事情停下来一阵子（直到有后续的决策）”，比如：Tour groups were suspended because of the epidemic.（由于疫情原因，团队游被暂时叫停了。）这里的“暂停”一般会持续一段时间，直到形势变化允许这件事能继续进行。

加强进口冷链食品新冠病毒风险监测

By Wednesday, approximately 1.3 million cold-chain products had been sampled for nucleic acid testing, with 47 tested positive.
截至2021年1月13日24时，全国海关共抽样检测样本近130万个，检出核酸阳性结果47个。

As part of emergency preventive measures, the GAC suspends import declarations of foreign food makers whose products test positive for one to four weeks.
海关总署对检出阳性的境外食品生产企业实施暂停其产品进口申报一周到四周的紧急预防性措施。

在口岸环节开展预防性消毒工作

China also ramped up disinfection at ports to stem the spread of COVID-19 through imported cold chains. By Wednesday, the outer packagings of 13.17 million products had been disinfected at ports across the country.
加强进口冷链食品口岸环节预防性消毒工作，严防新冠肺炎疫情通过进口冷链食品输入风险。截至1月13日24时，全国口岸环节已预防性消毒进口冷链食品外包装1317万件。

【词汇讲解】

这里的ramp up是一个固定搭配的短语，表示“增加，加强”等意思，根据不同的语境可以跟increase或intensify替换使用，比如：The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10,000 units per month.（公司宣布将每月产量增加到一万件）；ramp up security in the airports（加强机场安保）。

国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product

国家统计局1月18日发布数据，2020年，我国国内生产总值（GDP）首次突破100万亿元大关。

China's economy grew by 2.3 percent in 2020, with major economic targets achieving better-than-expected results, the National Bureau of Statistics said on Monday.
国家统计局1月18日表示，2020年，我国经济增长2.3%，经济社会发展主要目标任务完成情况好于预期。

The country's annual GDP came in at 101.59 trillion yuan ($15.68 trillion) in 2020, surpassing the 100 trillion yuan threshold, the NBS said.
国家统计局表示，2020年全年国内生产总值达到101.59万亿元，突破100万亿元大关。

【单词讲解】

Threshold读作['θreʃ.həʊld]，本意指“门槛”，也可以引申为“...的起点”等意思，比如： a low threshold for pain（痛点很低），the threshold of a new era（新时代的起点）， income tax threshold（个税起征点）等。

【知识点】

国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product，简称GDP）是指在一定时期内（一个季度或一年），一个国家或地区的经济中所生产出的全部最终产品和劳务的价值（the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period），常被公认为衡量国家经济状况的最佳指标。

Output of industrial companies with annual revenue of more than 20 million yuan expanded by 2.8 percent year-on-year in 2020 and 7.3 percent in December.
全年全国规模以上工业增加值比上年增长2.8%。12月份，规模以上工业增加值同比增长7.3%。

【知识点】

规模以上工业企业是中华人民共和国自1996年开始使用的一个统计学术语，与“规模以下”相对，2011年1月起用于代指年主营业务收入人民币2000万元及以上的全部工业企业（industrial companies with annual revenue of more than 20 million yuan）。

Growth in retail sales came in at negative 3.9 percent year-on-year last year, but the growth recovered to positive 4.6 percent in December.
全年社会消费品零售总额比上年下降3.9%。不过，12月份，社会消费品零售总额同比增长4.6%。

The country registered a 2.9-percent growth in fixed-asset investment in 2020.
全年全国固定资产投资比上年增长2.9%。

The surveyed urban unemployment rate nationwide was 5.2 percent in December and 5.6 percent on average in the whole year.
12月份，全国城镇调查失业率为5.2%，2020年年均城镇调查失业率为5.6%。

月球样品 lunar samples

嫦娥五号从月球带回的约1731克“土特产”备受关注。1月18日，国家航天局首次对外发布了《月球样品管理办法》，明确了这些“土特产”的用途。

The regulations cover general principles for preserving, managing, using, borrowing and returning the lunar samples, as well as information release and research results management of the samples.
办法包含了月球样品保存、管理和使用的总体原则、信息发布、借用与分发、使用与返还、成果管理等方面内容。

The lunar samples will be divided into four categories－permanent storage, backup permanent storage, research, and public-interest purposes, according to the regulations.
办法规定，月球样品原则上将分为永久存储、备份永久存储、研究和公益四种基础用途。

【单词讲解】

这里的backup指a copy of something that is stored separately from the original one，即“（与原始样本分开存储的）备份”，比如，Before we leave work each day, we make a backup of all the records we have entered into the computer that day.（每天下班前，我们都要把当天录入电脑的记录全部做备份）；另外，backup还可以指“备用的人或物”，比如：The party is going to be outdoors, so we'll need to organize somewhere as a backup in case it rains.（派对安排在户外，所以我们需要另外找一个备用场地，以防中途下雨）。看美剧的时候，我们经常会听到人说“call for backup”，在这里，backup表示“后续的支援力量”。

按照基础用途：永久存储和备份永久存储样品作为原始样品进行封存（sealed and stored as original samples）；研究样品用于月球科学研究、分析（scientific research and analysis）；公益样品用于展览（public exhibition）、科普、教育（science education）等公益性活动。

在国际合作方面，办法指出：

The samples' managing and using will be done in accordance with international treaties that China has signed or taken part in. Meanwhile, China National Space Administration encourages researchers at home and abroad to use the samples in joint studies on space science and to share their findings with each other.
月球样品的管理和使用遵守中华人民共和国缔结和参加的相关国际公约。国家航天局鼓励开展基于月球样品的空间科学国际联合研究工作，促进成果的国际共享。

年夜饭 New Year's Eve meal

因近期新冠疫情多地散发，全国各地都号召就地过年。年夜饭怎么吃，就成了很多人关心的问题。

The number of searches for "New Year's Eve meal" on an online food-ordering platform this year is four times higher than that of the same period last year.
在线订餐平台上“年夜饭”的搜索量同比去年同期上涨了4倍。

【知识点】

这里的“年夜饭”除了用New Year's Eve meal表示，很多时候也可以用reunion dinner表达，即“团圆饭”，年夜饭里一定要有鱼，寓意“年年有余（鱼）（wish for an increase in prosperity year-after-year）”。

Many restaurants are preparing more ready-to-cook meals and standard sets for one to two people to meet the expected spike in demand from young consumers in first and second-tier cities.
很多一二线城市的餐馆已经在增加半成品年夜饭以及适宜1至2人食用的套餐储备，以应对年轻消费者相关需求的激增。

【单词讲解】

这里的ready-to-cook meals指各类食材都已准备好，只需简单烹调就可以食用的餐食，与其相对的是ready meal或ready-made meal，即“预制餐”，只需加热即可食用。另外，我们日常购买的各种“成衣”都可以用ready-to-wear clothes表示，即“用标准化尺寸制作好的衣服，可以随买随穿”。

Some merchants are also planning to launch deluxe New Year's Eve sets for singles.
有商家计划推出“年夜饭豪华单人套餐”。

Some time-honored and well-known restaurants have also launched takeout reunion meals.
一些知名餐饮老字号商家也推出外带年夜饭。

【单词讲解】

这里的takeout可以用作名词或形容词，表示“外卖（商家或食物）”，主要用于美式英语语境，在英式英语中，“外卖”多用takeaway表示。与其相对的“堂食”多用dine in表示，比如：They offer dine-in and takeout（他们提供堂食和外带服务）。

返乡人员 people returning to rural areas

国家卫生健康委员会疾控局监察专员王斌在1月20日国务院联防联控机制新闻发布会上表示，返乡人员要持有7日以内的核酸阴性检测证明，才能够返乡。

According to a notice released on the website of the National Health Commission, people returning to rural areas should isolate themselves at home for 14 days and take nucleic acid tests every seven days.
国家卫健委官网发布的通知显示，返乡人员需居家隔离14天，每7天进行一次核酸检测。

In addition to checking the test results of returnees during the festival, local governments must monitor and record their health status, increase local testing capacity and establish quarantine facilities in preparation for potential outbreaks.
除查验检测结果以外，各地政府还要监测并记录返乡人员健康状况，提升检测能力，建立隔离设施，做好突发应对准备。

何为返乡人员？

国家卫健委明确：返乡人员是指从外地返回农村地区的人员（returnees are those who return to rural areas from other parts of the country）。

主要包括：

一是跨省份返乡人员（cross-provincial returnees）；

二是来自本省内中高风险区域所在地市的返乡人员（中高风险区域内部人员原则上不流动）（returnees from medium or high risk areas within the province）；

三是本省内的进口冷链食品从业人员、口岸直接接触进口货物从业人员、隔离场所工作人员、交通运输工具从业人员等重点人群（specific populations who deal with cold-chain imported food, have direct contact with imported goods at ports, work at quarantine sites or in transportation sector）。

持核酸检测阴性证明返乡从什么时候开始？

持核酸检测阴性证明返乡从1月28日春运开始后实施，至3月8日春运结束后截止（the policy will be followed during the annual Spring Festival travel rush which lasts from Jan 28 to March 8 this year）。

持核酸检测阴性证明返乡后是否需要隔离？

持核酸检测阴性证明返乡后不需要隔离，但需要进行14天居家健康监测（14-day health monitoring at home），做好体温、症状监测，非必要不外出、不聚集（avoid unnecessary outing and gathering），必须外出时做好个人防护，并在返乡后第7天和第14天分别做一次核酸检测。

返乡不满14天的，以实际返乡时间落实居家健康监测和核酸检测要求。

家庭教育法 family education law

家庭教育法草案近日提请全国人大常委会会议审议。

Parents or guardians should not use violence as a way to teach children lessons, the draft law said. They should not discriminate against children based on their gender or physical condition, or coerce, lure, incite or use minors to violate laws, regulations or social morality, according to the draft.
草案提出，未成年人父母或者其他监护人在实施家庭教育过程中，不得对未成年人有性别、身体状况等歧视，不得有任何形式的家庭暴力，不得胁迫、引诱、教唆、利用未成年人从事违反法律法规和社会公德的活动。

【词汇讲解】

这里的teach children lessons就是我们熟知的短语teach someone a lesson的复数形式，剑桥在线词典对这个短语的解释是“to show someone, as a result of experience, what should not be done in the future”，即“通过某种经历让某人知道以后什么事不能干”，也就是“给某人一个教训”，比如：After the CEO was found guilty, he was forced to repay $150 million in damages and will spend the next 10 years in jail. If that doesn't teach him a lesson, I don't know what will.（那位首席执行官被判有罪后，他要赔偿1.5亿美元的损失，还要入狱服刑10年。如果这都不能让他有个教训，我不知道还有什么事儿能教训他了）。

草案明确，家庭教育（family education）是指父母或者其他监护人对未成年人实施的、以促进其健康成长为目的的引导和影响（guidance and influence that aims to promote the healthy growth and development of minors），根本任务在于立德树人（foster character and civic virtue）。

草案其他要点包括：

Parents and guardians shoulder the primary responsibility to educate children, while the government, schools and society should offer support for family education, the draft said, adding that the country should intervene when necessary.
未成年人的父母或者其他监护人是实施家庭教育的责任主体。政府、学校、社会为家庭教育提供支持，促进家庭教育。必要时，国家对家庭教育进行干预。

Law enforcement should admonish parents or ask them to improve family education when children have received administrative punishment from the police or committed minor crimes, it said.
未成年人受到公安部门行政处罚或有轻微犯罪行为时，执法部门应该对其父母进行训诫或要求其改进家庭教育。

【单词讲解】

这里的admonish读作/ədˈmɒn.ɪʃ/，表示“训诫、责备；规劝”等意思，多用于正式语境，常用的搭配是admonish someone for doing something或admonish someone to do something，比如：His mother admonished him for eating too quickly.（他吃饭太快被他妈妈责备了）；Her teacher admonished her to work harder for her exams.（老师劝告她要努力备考）。

Courts could strip guardianship from parents if law enforcement authorities find they have violated the rights and interests of minors and have refused to correct their behavior.
侵犯未成年人权益且拒绝改正的父母，法院可以剥夺其监护人资格。

Schools should notify parents when students have seriously violated regulations or laws and offer parents guidance in educating children. When parents refuse to fulfill their responsibilities, schools should notify the local residential or village committee or the parents' employers, it said.
学生在校严重违法违规时，学校应通知家长并为其提供教育指导。父母拒绝履行家长责任的，学校应通知当地居委会（村委会）或家长所在单位。