2021年3月新闻热词汇总

民生 people's wellbeing

国家发展改革委副主任胡祖才3月8日在国新办新闻发布会上表示，“十四五”规划纲要草案20个主要指标中有7个是民生福祉类的、占比超过三分之一，是历次五年规划中最高的。

这些指标覆盖了就业（employment）、收入（income）、教育（education）、医疗（healthcare）、养老（elderly care）、托育（childcare）等各民生领域，这充分体现了把改善民生福祉放在更加突出重要位置。

就业

We will implement the employment-first strategy and increase employment opportunities.
实施就业优先战略，扩大就业容量。

We will improve pro-employment system to support key groups such as college graduates, rural migrant workers and veterans.
完善高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体就业支持体系。

收入

We will work to raise the income of the low-income group and expand the size of the middle-income group.
着力提高低收入群体收入，扩大中等收入群体。

Per capita disposable income will generally grow in step with GDP growth.
居民收入增长和经济增长要基本同步。

教育

We will build a high-quality education system by deepening educational reforms.
建设高质量教育体系，深化教育改革。

We will carry out an initiative to raise the quality of education and expand its capacity. We expect that the average number of years of schooling among the working-age population will rise to 11.3.
实施教育提质扩容工程，劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限提高到11.3年。

医疗卫生

We will make all-round efforts to build a Healthy China.
全面推进健康中国建设。

We will develop a strong public health system, carry out extensive public fitness activities, and raise the average life expectancy by one year.
构建强大公共卫生体系，广泛开展全民健身运动，人均预期寿命再提高1岁。

We will improve the medical insurance system that covers the whole population, promote a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and improve the medical insurance and medical aid systems for major diseases.
健全全民医保制度，推动基本医疗保险省级统筹，健全重大疾病医疗保险和救助制度。

社会保障

The statutory retirement age will be raised in a phased manner. The multi-tiered social security system will be improved, with coverage of basic old-age insurance reaching 95 percent of the population. Social assistance and charity systems will also be improved.
逐步延迟法定退休年龄。健全多层次社会保障体系，基本养老保险参保率提高到95%，优化社会救助和慈善制度。

养老育幼

We will implement the national strategy for addressing population aging, and improve the population services system with a focus on elderly care and child care.
实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略，以“一老一小”为重点完善人口服务体系。

We will make more efforts to develop elderly care services that are accessible for all and build a system that integrates home, communities and healthcare facilities.
大力发展普惠型养老服务，构建居家社区机构相协调、医养康养相结合的养老服务体系。

The number of pupil places for infants under 3 years old will be increased from the current 1.8 to 4.5 per 1,000 population.
将每千人口拥有3岁以下婴幼儿托位数由目前的1.8个提高到4.5个。

国际月球科研站 international lunar research station

3月9日，经两国政府批准，中国国家航天局（the China National Space Administration，CNSA）局长张克俭与俄罗斯国家航天集团公司（Roscosmos）总经理罗戈津通过视频会议签署《中华人民共和国政府和俄罗斯联邦政府关于合作建设国际月球科研站的谅解备忘录》。

The CNSA and Roscosmos will negotiate on matters about the international lunar research station's planning, design, construction and operations, and will work together to build and run it.
中国国家航天局与俄罗斯国家航天集团公司将就国际月球科研站的规划、设计、建设以及运营等事宜进行商讨，合作建设并运营该科研站。

【知识点】

国际月球科研站（international lunar research station）是在月球表面或月球轨道上建设（built on the lunar surface or in the lunar orbit）可进行月球自身探索和利用、月基观测、基础科学实验和技术验证等多学科多目标科研活动（multi-disciplinary and multi-objective scientific research activities such as the lunar exploration and utilization, lunar-based observation, basic scientific experiment and technical verification），长期自主运行的综合性科学实验基地。

Through this program, China and Russia will take advantage of their expertise and experience in space science and technology and spacecraft to produce a plan for the station and will cooperate closely on the following steps.
在建造国际月球科研站项目的框架内，中俄两国利用在空间科学、空间技术和空间设备等方面积累的经验，将共同制定建造国际月球科研站的路线图，并开展紧密合作。

Both nations want to open the station to international cooperation so it can serve as a platform to boost scientific exchanges and foster peaceful exploration and development of outer space.
两国希望面向所有国际合作开放国际月球科研站，加强科学研究交流，推进全人类和平探索利用太空。

中俄两国一直致力于在空间技术、空间科学、空间应用领域（ space science, technology and application fields）开展合作，先后签署了一系列协定，积极推动月球及深空探测领域的合作。

The two nations will work together to carry out China's Chang'e 7 lunar landing mission and Russia's Luna-Resurs-Orbiter mission.
两国将协同实施中国的“嫦娥七号”月球极地探测任务和俄罗斯“月球—资源-1”轨道器任务合作。

国际旅行健康证明 health certificate for international travelers

A Chinese version of the health certificate for international travelers was launched March 8 on the WeChat mini program for Chinese citizens, the Foreign Ministry's Department of Consular Affairs said in a statement. The certificate will be available in two formats, digital and in paper, with the certificate-holder's NAT and IgG antibody test results and vaccination status on record, according to the statement.
外交部领事司表示，3月8日，中国版“国际旅行健康证明”微信小程序已正式上线。健康证明有纸质版和电子版两种形式，展示持有人的核酸、血清IgG抗体检测结果及疫苗接种情况等。

三新：新发展阶段（new development stage）、新发展理念（new development philosophy）、新发展格局（new development paradigm）

今年的《政府工作报告》提出：

The period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan will be the first five years in which we embark on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects. China remains in an important period of strategic opportunity for development. Yet, there are changes in both the opportunities and challenges we face. We should have an accurate understanding of this new stage of development, fully apply the new development philosophy, and accelerate our efforts to create a new development pattern to promote high-quality development. By doing so, we will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all respects.
“十四五”时期是开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一个五年。我国发展仍然处于重要战略机遇期，但机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化，要准确把握新发展阶段，深入贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局起好步。

这里的新发展阶段（new development stage）、新发展理念（new development philosophy）、新发展格局（new development paradigm）就是“三新”。

新发展阶段、新发展理念、新发展格局是理解当下和未来中国的三个关键词。新发展阶段，是中国发展的历史方位；新发展理念，是中国现代化建设的指导原则；新发展格局，是中国经济现代化的路径选择。

“三新”有何深意？我们简单为您介绍

新发展阶段 new development stage

党的十九届五中全会提出，

After finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the first centenary goal, we will mark the first five years of China's new journey toward fully building a modern socialist country and march toward the second centenary goal, which means that China's development will enter a new stage.
全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标之后，我们要乘势而上开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军，这标志着我国进入了一个新发展阶段。

进入新发展阶段，发展任务已经由实现第一个百年奋斗目标转向实现第二个百年奋斗目标。经济社会发展的重心将逐步从重视经济规模的“高增速”（high-speed growth）转到提高效率和质量上来，实现“高质量”发展（high-quality development）成为新的发展主题。

新发展理念 new development philosophy

在党的十八届五中全会上，习近平总书记提出要牢固树立并切实贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念（concept of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development），并强调这是关系我国发展全局的一场深刻变革，必须充分认识这场变革的重大现实意义和深远历史意义。

2021年1月28日，习近平主持中央政治局第二十七次集体学习时强调，

The new development philosophy is a systematic theoretical system, which answers a series of theoretical and practical questions about the purpose, motivation, mode and path of development. It also clarifies major political issues including the Party's political stand, value orientation and the mode and path for development.
新发展理念是一个系统的理论体系，回答了关于发展的目的、动力、方式、路径等一系列理论和实践问题，阐明了我们党关于发展的政治立场、价值导向、发展模式、发展道路等重大政治问题。

新发展格局 new development paradigm

2020年5月14日召开的中共中央政治局常务委员会会议指出，

We should further deepening the supply-side structural reform and leverage the advantages of China's super-large market and domestic demand potential to create a new development pattern where domestic and foreign market can boost each other.
要深化供给侧结构性改革，充分发挥我国超大规模市场优势和内需潜力，构建国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。

2020年5月23日，习近平看望参加全国政协十三届三次会议的经济界委员时强调，

We should make steady progress in creating a new development pattern where domestic and foreign markets can boost each other, with domestic market as the mainstay.
逐步形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。

2020年9月1日，习近平主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第十五次会议时强调，

Accelerating the establishment of a new development pattern featuring dual circulation, which takes the domestic market as the mainstay while letting domestic and foreign markets boost each other, is a strategic decision made in accordance with changes in China's development stage, environment and conditions, and a systematic deep-level reform concerning the overall situation of the country.
加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，是根据我国发展阶段、环境、条件变化作出的战略决策，是事关全局的系统性深层次变革。

构建国内国际双循环新发展格局首先要形成以国内大循环为主体的国民经济循环（national economic circulation which takes the domestic market as the mainstay），这是新发展格局的前提和条件。

同时，新发展格局不是封闭的国内循环（it's not a development loop behind closed doors），而是更加开放的国内国际双循环（more open domestic and international circulations）。要发挥国内循环对国际循环的带动作用、进而形成国内国际双循环相互促进发展，就必须要实行对外开放（open up）。只有依靠高水平开放发展，才能真正发挥国内大循环对国际大循环的带动作用（the driving force of domestic circulation will be fully unleashed to fuel international circulation），进而真正形成国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。

显示织物 display textile

复旦大学科研团队成功将显示器件的制备与织物编织过程相融合，实现了大面积柔性显示织物和智能集成系统。相关成果近日在线发表于《自然》杂志。

According to Peng Huisheng, leader of the team and a professor from Fudan’s macromolecular science department, it developed transparent conductive weft fibers and luminescent warp fibers. When woven together, they form micrometer-scale electroluminescent units similar to those on a digital display screen.
科研团队负责人、复旦大学高分子科学系教授彭慧胜介绍说，团队研制的“发光经线”和透明的“导电纬线”交织时，可形成微米级电致发光单元，与数字显示屏的电致发光单元类似。

“发光经线”（luminescent warp fibers），外观与生活中的寻常纱线类似，但通电后即可发出明亮的光。“发光经线”的直径可在0.2毫米至0.5毫米间精确调控（its diameter can be accurately adjusted between 0.2mm and 0.5mm），赋予了其超细超柔的特性（make it super thin and soft），以此梭织而成的衣服，可紧贴人体不规则轮廓，并保证轻薄、透气（light and breathable）。

The team has produced a 6-meter-long and 25-centimeter-wide display textile. It contains 500,000 electroluminescent units and is capable of meeting the resolution requirements of some practical applications.
团队目前已在实验室实现长6米、宽0.25米、约含50万个“像素点”的显示织物，已能初步满足部分实际应用的分辨率需求。

【单词讲解】

Display可以用作动词或名词，均表示“展示，展现，显示”等意思，比如：public display of affection (PDA)就是“公开展示感情”，即“秀恩爱”，fireworks display（烟花秀），window display（橱窗展示）；display one's skill（展示某人的技能）， Toys were displayed in the store window（玩具在商店橱窗里展示）。而在电视、电脑、手机等电子设备领域，我们更常见的是display screen（显示屏）。

The brightness between electroluminescent units deviates by less than 5 percent and remains stable even when the textile is bent, stretched or pressed.
交织发光点亮度变动范围控制在5%以内，织物在对折、拉伸、按压等外力作用下也能保持亮度稳定。

It can withstand hundreds of times of machine washing.
可耐受上百次的洗衣机洗涤。

应用前景广阔

Based on flexible textiles, the team developed an integrated system with functions such as display, sensing and power supply. It shows promising prospects in various areas including real-time positioning, intelligent communication and healthcare.
该科研团队基于编织方法，还实现了储能织物、触摸传感织物与显示织物的功能集成系统。该系统在实时定位、智能通讯、医疗辅助等方面展现出良好应用前景。

People with linguistic disabilities, for instance, could efficiently and conveniently communicate with others in the future by wearing the display fabric.
比如，语言障碍者把“显示器”穿在身上，就能与人实现高效便捷沟通。