2021年3月新闻热词汇总

延迟退休 raise the retirement age

According to the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, China will take small steps to raise the retirement age. It will also implement its flexibility, tailor policies for different groups, consider all factors, and make overall plans.
《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》（下称纲要）提出，我国将按照“小步调整、弹性实施、分类推进、统筹兼顾”等原则，逐步延迟法定退休年龄。

【单词讲解】

第一眼看到tailor这个词，很多人可能会想到“裁缝”这个对应的中文意思，在实际应用中，tailor也可以用作动词，引申为“（按照具体要求、情况）定制”的意思，比如：We tailor any of our products to your company's specific needs（我们可以根据贵公司的具体需求进行产品定制）；You have to tailor application letters for each job you apply for（你要为每个应聘的岗位准备不同的求职信）。其形容词形式tailored自然就表示“定制的”意思，比如：tailored plan for specific clients（为特定客户定制的方案）。

人社部中国劳动和社会保障科学研究院院长金维刚对上述原则进行解读：

小步调整：每年延迟几个月

Taking small steps means the country will raise the retirement age by a few months every year and finish the reform in several years.
小步调整就是每年延迟几个月，经过若干年过渡期完成改革。

People nearing retirement age will only have to delay retirement for several months, Jin said. He added that young people may have to work a few years longer but will have a long adaptation and transition period.
临近退休的人，只会延迟1个月或几个月，对年轻人来说，延长的退休年龄幅度会大一些，但未来有很长的过渡期和适应期。

 

弹性实施：个人会有自主选择提前退休的空间

The most important feature of the retirement age reform is allowing people to choose when to retire according to their circumstances and conditions, said Jin. This showcases the flexibility and inclusiveness of the reform, said Jin.
延迟退休改革最重要的特征就是允许个人根据自身情况和条件，选择退休的具体时间，充分体现改革的灵活性和包容性。

分类推进：不同群体、不同性别将保持退休年龄差异

In China currently, the retirement age for men is 60, while for women, it is 55 for white-collar workers and 50 for blue-collar employees. These differences will stay in place to ensure policy continuity, said Jin.
我国现行法定退休年龄男职工60周岁、女干部55周岁、女工人50周岁，这些政策差异，改革后也会保持政策延续性。

【词汇讲解】

短语stay in place表示“保持原位，没有变动”，比如：the curfew from 6pm to 5am will stay in place for another two weeks（晚6点到早5点的宵禁还要持续两周）。

 

统筹兼顾：配套政策和保障措施需协同推进

Jin said retirement age reform requires overall planning and coordination as it involves many supporting policies and measures.
延迟退休改革相关的配套政策和保障措施非常多，需要统筹谋划、协同推进。

The reform also faces challenges such as promoting employment and entrepreneurship of older workers through more targeted means, and offering more social security subsidies to those who have difficulty finding jobs and helping them get reemployed, said Jin.
如何通过更有针对性的措施促进大龄劳动者就业创业？如何更大力度对就业困难人员、特别是灵活就业人员给予社保补贴，帮助其再就业？这些都是延迟退休改革面临的挑战。

 

疫苗接种车 vaccination vehicle

China's first vaccination vehicle will hit the streets in April in Beijing and north China's Hebei province, which will allow people to receive COVID-19 shots near their residence without travelling to vaccination stations.
我国首款移动疫苗接种车预计4月在北京、河北等地投用。投用后，接种新冠疫苗的人员不必再到疫苗接种点，而是疫苗接种车主动上门打疫苗。

【单词讲解】

关于“疫苗”的几个词，vaccine就是“疫苗”本身，vaccinate就是“注射疫苗、接种疫苗”这个动作，而其名词形式vaccination就是“接种疫苗”这件事。上文中的COVID-19 shots指“新冠疫苗注射”，这里的shot是相对比较口语化的表达。Shot做名词常见的意思是足球比赛中的“射门”，比如：He has the best shot on the team（他在队里射门能力最强），还有“尝试”的意思，与try类似，比如：Let's give it a shot（我们试试看）。

 

移动疫苗接种车配置如何？

The interior of the vaccination vehicle resembles that of a bus, but with fewer seats.
移动疫苗接种车内部的格局与公交大巴车类似，但是座椅数量缩减。

The vehicle is equipped with a facial recognition system that can check the body temperature of vaccine recipients.
车上配备了人脸识别系统，可以对同时对疫苗接种人员进行测温。

The vehicle is covered by onboard Wi-Fi and 5G network for faster data transmission.
车辆专门设置车载WiFi，可接入5G网络，更快速完成信息传输。

The whole vaccination process will be carried out inside the vehicle. After getting a shot, vaccine recipients will remain under observation at a designated area outside of the vehicle.
整个接种过程都在车内完成，接种完成后可在车外留观区留观。

移动疫苗接种车研发生产方北汽福田介绍，

The manufacturer can produce 12 such vehicles in one day, allowing for large scale use in the future.
生产方具备日产12辆车的产能，后期广泛使用时可以迅速进行生产。

【词汇讲解】

这里的allow for是一个固定搭配的短语，表示“顾及到，考虑到”等意思，比如：The design of the system allows for easy upgrades（有了这个系统设计，以后升级就容易了）；If you allow for inflation, he's actually earning less money now than he was 10 years ago（如果把通货膨胀考虑在内，他现在挣的钱还没有10年前多）。

 

我国疫苗接种工作有序展开

China is working around the clock to build COVID-19 herd immunity through its orderly and smooth rollout of vaccines, with 64.98 million doses administered as of last week.
我国新冠疫苗接种工作正有序展开，截至3月14日，全国共接种新冠病毒疫苗6498万人剂次。

 

The country's mass vaccination program is currently targeting key groups, including workers at higher risk of infection, essential personnel, and people working in border regions and labor-intensive industries. Seniors who are in good condition and need to be vaccinated for special reasons also are in this group.
目前重点人群的接种工作正在有序开展。这类人群包括职业暴露风险较高的人群，维持社会基本运行的关键岗位的人员，劳动密集型行业等疾病传播风险较高的人群，以及部分因特殊原因需接种且身体基础状况较好的老年人等。

The second phase will focus on people who are more likely to develop severe infections, including the elderly and those with chronic diseases.
第二步，开展高危人群的接种。这类人群主要包括老年人、基础性疾病患者等人群。

The third and final phase will cover those in the remaining population who are willing to be inoculated.
第三步，安排其他人群的接种。其他有接种意愿的人员都可以在这一步安排接种。

 

学位法草案 draft of the degree law

为了完善我国学位法律制度，促进研究生教育事业发展，提升学位工作质量，教育部研究形成了《中华人民共和国学位法草案（征求意见稿）》，并于近日发布公告，面向社会公开征求意见。

Institutions of higher education that award degrees can deprive a student of a degree if the applicant is involved in academic misconduct, forgery, and other violations during his or her academic years, according to the draft law.
草案明确，学位申请人在学位授予单位学习期间存在学术不端、作伪造假以及其他违法违规行为的，授予单位可以不授予其学位证书。

【单词讲解】

这里的deprive someone of something是“剥夺某人拥有某物的权利，使某人丧失获得某物的权利”等意思，比如：The new environmental law will deprive some fishermen of their livelihood.（新的环保法将让渔民失去谋生的手段。）这个固定搭配经常以被动的形式出现，即someone is deprived of something，比如：The children are being deprived of a good education.（孩子们失去了获得良好教育的机会。）如果我们说someone is deprived of sleep，意思是说有外界因素使其无法睡觉，并不是他们自己不想睡。美剧中经常出现的一种疲劳审讯方式就是sleep deprivation（睡眠剥夺）。

 

对于已经获得学位者，草案列出了三种情形，在获得该学位过程中有三种情形之一的，经学位评定委员会审议决定，由学位授予单位撤销学位（revoke their degrees），收回或者宣布学位证书无效（declare their degrees invalid）。

 

这三种学术不端行为包括：

学位论文或者实践成果存在严重剽窃、伪造、抄袭、数据造假等学术不端行为的（academic misconduct including plagiarism, forgery, and data fraud in their dissertations or practical achievements），质量不符合标准的（unqualified dissertations or practical achievements）；

以冒名顶替、徇私舞弊等非法手段取得入学资格或者毕业证书的（gain admission through identity theft or fraud）；

在学习期间存在不应当授予学位的其他违法违规行为的。

【知识点】

“学术不端”（academic misconduct）的一般性界定为：高等学校及其教学科研人员、管理人员和学生，在科学研究及相关活动中发生的违反公认的学术准则、违背学术诚信的行为。

2016年，教育部发布《高等学校预防与处理学术不端行为办法》，第一次以部门规章的形式对高等学校预防与处理学术不端行为做出规定。

《办法》中明确的六种“学术不端”情形包括：剽窃、抄袭、侵占他人学术成果（plagiarism），篡改他人研究成果（fabrication or alteration of research results），伪造数据或捏造事实（data falsification），不当署名（inappropriate authorship），提供虚假学术信息（providing false or misleading information），买卖或代写论文（academic paper selling or ghostwriting）等。同时授权高等学校可以结合学校实际，自行规定六类之外的学术不端情形。

互联网贷款 online loans

银保监会办公厅、中央网信办秘书局、教育部办公厅、公安部办公厅、人民银行办公厅联合印发了《关于进一步规范大学生互联网消费贷款监督管理工作的通知》，从四个方面进一步规范大学生互联网消费贷款监督管理，切实维护大学生合法权益。

Micro lenders are banned from granting online consumer loans to college students, according to the statement.
通知明确，小额贷款公司不得向大学生发放互联网消费贷款。

校园贷问题近几年日益受到关注。

Some micro lenders have targeted university campuses and issued online consumer loans via cooperation with technology companies. The practices have caused some students to overspend and fall into debt traps.
部分小额贷款公司以大学校园为目标，通过与科技公司合作发放互联网消费贷款，导致部分大学生过度消费，陷入高额贷款陷阱。

【知识点】

校园贷（campus loans）始于2014年，到2015年迎来爆发式增长，但因随后爆发的“裸贷（loans secured against nude photos）、收费混乱（illegal charges）、暴力催收（forcible debt collection）”等负面事件备受舆论质疑。

2017年，银监会、教育部、人社部、互联网金融委员会等发布通知，禁止违规机构向大学生提供校园贷服务。

2020年1月，最高人民法院表示，在校大学生因为使用网贷平台而欠债的不应被列为失信被执行人（defaulter）。

 

此外，通知还要求规范放贷机构及其外包合作机构营销行为。

Micro lenders should strengthen identity verification of clients and not make college students their target clients for online consumer loans or carry out targeted marketing aimed at them.
小额贷款公司要加强贷款客户身份的实质性核验，不得将大学生设定为互联网消费贷款的目标客户群体，不得针对大学生群体精准营销。

Institutions without financial licenses should not offer credit services to college students.
未经银行业管理部门批准设立的机构不得为大学生提供信贷服务。

 

强化风险管理

As for the online consumer loans that have been issued to college students, no extension is allowed and the existing loans should be gradually reduced. Any new loans not in line with regulations will be prohibited.
对于已发放的大学生互联网消费贷款，原则上不进行展期，逐步消化存量业务，严禁违规新增业务。

 

Banks should make sure college students have a second source of debt repayment and obtain written statements from the guarantors (parents, guardians or other superiors) that they approve the loan and are willing to pay it for the borrowers.
银行要确保大学生借贷人有第二还款来源，并未获取具备还款能力的第二还款来源（父母、监护人或其他管理人等）表示同意其贷款行为并愿意代为还款的书面担保材料。

 

三星堆遗址 the Sanxingdui Ruins

3月20日，“考古中国”重大项目工作进展会在成都举行，通报了四川广汉三星堆遗址重要考古发现与研究成果。

 

Chinese archaeologists announced the discovery of over 500 cultural relics, during an ongoing excavation at the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan, Sichuan province. The relics were uncovered in six sacrificial pits which date back over 3,200 years.
考古学家宣布，四川广汉三星堆遗址新发现的6座三星堆文化“祭祀坑”中已出土500余件文物。此次发现的“祭祀坑”距今约3200多年。

【单词讲解】

这里的excavation来源于动词excavate，在考古领域表示“to remove earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to discover things about the past”（为了研究历史，将埋在地底下的老物件挖出来），即“发掘文物”，比如：She has taken part in several excavations of Roman settlements across Europe.（她参加了好几次欧洲罗马人定居点的文物发掘工作）。

Among the important cultural finds are gold and bronze masks, bronze ware, more than 100 ivory tusks, textiles and jade among other artifacts.
出土的重要文物包括金面具、铜面具、铜器、100多个象牙、纺织物以及玉器等其他工艺品。

【单词讲解】

在考古领域挖掘出来的“（工具、武器、饰品等具有考古或历史价值的）文物”一般用artifact。而我们常见的cultural relics里面的relic则指“遗迹、遗留物、遗址”等。在表示“历史遗迹”的时候，relic涵盖的范围要比artifact要广一些，而且这两个词一般都用复数形式。

 

新发现的五号坑出土大量黄金制品

A gold mask has been unearthed at the No5 sacrificial pit. With an area of about three square meters, it is the smallest pit, but it's where the most gold pieces were unearthed, according to archaeologists.
五号祭祀坑面积大约3平方米，是最小的一个坑，但其中出土的黄金制品最多，其中包括一个黄金面具。

出土文物“上新”

In No 3 pit, a rich reservoir for bronze ware, archaeologists found two square zun jars, a typical ancient Chinese bronze ritual vessel. Such artifacts were not found in 1986. Some of the bronze ware items have been decorated with dragon and ox patterns.
在三号坑，考古学家发现了大量青铜器，其中有两个正方形青铜尊，是中国古代典型的青铜祭器。其中一些青铜器上面还装饰有龙、牛的图案。这些文物都是1986年发掘时没有发现的。

In the No 6 pit, a 1.5-meter-long and 40-centimeter-wide wooden box covered in cinnabar has brought a new mystery. A plan to open it is still being drafted.
在6号坑发现了一具“木匣”，长约1.5米、宽约0.4米，内外均涂抹朱砂。这个木匣给考古工作带来了新的谜团。考古人员还在讨论“开匣”方案。

Other important items include decorative gold items in the shape of birds, ivory and bone carvings, silk and cong.
其他出土的重要文物包括，小鸟形状的黄金饰品、象牙、骨雕、丝绸以及玉琮等。

The recent discoveries further confirm the theory that the pits were used for sacrificial purposes as many of the items found had been smashed and burned before being buried. Further study is needed to rule out any other speculation as to the pits usage.
这次的发现进一步证明，这些坑洞是为祭祀所用，因为出土的很多文物在埋之前已经被打碎并烧毁。需要更深入的研究来排除这些坑洞有其他用途的猜想。

发掘工作充分利用高科技

In the process of excavation, archaeologists made full use of modern technologies to ensure the safety of the relics and sound management of relevant data and materials.
在发掘过程中，考古学家充分利用现代技术确保文物的安全以及相关数据和材料的高效管理。

【知识点：关于三星堆】

The Sanxingdui Ruins is dubbed as one of the world's greatest archeological discoveries of the 20th century.
三星堆遗址被称为20世纪全世界最重大的考古发现之一。

Located in the city of Guanghan, Sichuan province, around 60 km from the provincial capital Chengdu, the ruins covering an area of 12 square km are believed to be the remnants of the Shu Kingdom, dating back some 4,800 years to 3,100 years.
三星堆遗址占地面积12平方公里，位于四川广汉，距离成都约60公里，是古蜀文化遗址，距今4800年至3100年左右。

The site was originally discovered in the 1920s by a farmer. A huge surprise came in 1986 when two sacrificial pits filled with more than 1,000 relics, including gold masks, bronze sacred trees, bronze ware, jade ware and ivory, were discovered by local workers excavating clay for bricks.
该遗址最初由一个农民在上世纪20年代发现。1986年，当地工人挖土烧砖时意外发现了两个祭祀坑，里面有1000多件文物，包括金面具、青铜神树、青铜器、玉器、象牙等。

In 1988, the Sanxingdui Ruins site was put under State-level protection.
1988年，三星堆遗址被列为国家文物保护单位。

 

中美高层战略对话 China-US high-level strategic dialogue

A China-US high-level strategic dialogue concluded in Anchorage, United States on March 19 after the two sides had candid, constructive and helpful exchanges on respective domestic and foreign policies, the bilateral relationship as well as major international matters of shared interest.
当地时间3月19日，中美高层战略对话在美国安克雷奇结束，双方围绕各自内外政策、中美关系以及共同关心的重大国际地区问题进行了坦诚、深入、建设性的沟通。

 

个人信息收集 collection of personal information

国家网信办、工信部、公安部、国家市场监管总局四部门近日联合发布《常见类型移动互联网应用程序必要个人信息范围规定》，明确了39类常见类型移动应用程序必要个人信息范围。

Mobile apps will be banned from illegally collecting unnecessary personal information and they cannot deny users access to their services if users refuse to share unnecessary personal information, according to the guideline.
规定明确，移动应用程序不得违规收集非必要个人信息；不得因为用户不同意提供非必要个人信息，而拒绝用户使用其基本功能服务。

【词汇讲解】

这里的deny access to是一个固定搭配，表示“refuse permission to see/use”，即“拒绝使用、接触”，比如，He was denied access to the report（他看不到那份报告）；这个短语的反义词是grant access to（允许使用、接触），两个短语常用的搭配形式是grant/deny someone access to something。

规定明确，必要个人信息（necessary personal information），是指保障app基本功能服务正常运行所必需的个人信息（personal information that is needed for basic function and services），缺少该信息app即无法实现基本功能服务。

规定明确了39类常见类型移动应用程序必要个人信息范围。比如：

Navigation apps may have access to a user's location, place of departure and destination.
地图导航类app可以收集的必要个人信息为位置信息、出发地、到达地。

Instant messaging apps may collect personal information including a user's mobile phone number, their messaging account and the accounts of their contacts.
即时通信类app可以收集注册用户移动电话号码，账号、即时通信联系人账号列表。

该规定自2021年5月1日起施行。