2021年6月新闻热词汇总

航天食品 space food

6月17日18时48分，航天员聂海胜、刘伯明、汤洪波先后进入天和核心舱，标志着中国人首次进入自己的空间站。在空间站驻留3个月期间，航天员们都吃什么呢？

There are more than 120 kinds of food and beverages inside the core module, named Tianhe, or Harmony of Heavens. These carefully selected food and beverages are nutritionally balanced, taste good and can be kept for a long time.
天和核心舱有120多种食品和饮品。这些食物都是精心挑选的，营养均衡、美味可口、保存期限长。

【知识点】

虽然“太空食堂”的食品种类多，但每种都是严格按照航天食品（space food）标准条件研制生产的。
首先，航天食品要求营养丰富且均衡（nutritionally balanced）。
第二，要求“一口吃”（in bite size）。最好是固态、无骨、小块且全部可食的（in small solid cubes and boneless），不能有残渣（no crumbs），不能留下太多难以处理的餐余垃圾（no food residue）。
第三，必须尽量保证航天员的食欲（have a good appetite）。

中国载人航天工程航天员系统总设计师黄伟芬介绍：

The food and beverages have been divided into weekly breakfast, lunch and supper menus, and the menus were made based on personal flavor preferences gathered through a survey before the astronauts set out on their mission.
核心舱的食物按周列入早餐、午餐及晚餐菜单，这些菜单是根据航天员出发之前的个人口味调查安排的。

Sources with knowledge of the survey said that astronauts in the Shenzhou XII mission and crews for the next three spaceflights were invited to taste hundreds of specially prepared foods and beverages and then score them.
调查相关人员表示，神舟十二及后续三次飞行任务的航天员受邀对数百种特制食物进行品尝并打分。

According to the survey, most Chinese astronauts have a preference for Sichuan-style spicy food. In addition, compared with sweet-and-sour sauces, spicy sauces are always the first to be used up, the sources said.
调查结果显示，大部分中国航天员喜欢吃辣味川菜，酸甜酱和辣酱中，辣酱通常是最先吃完的。

碳排放交易 carbon emission trading

6月22日，上海环境能源交易所发布的《关于全国碳排放权交易相关事项的公告》明确，全国碳排放权交易机构负责组织开展全国碳排放权集中统一交易。

The Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange will be responsible for opening accounts and the operation of the national carbon emission trading system, according to the announcement.
公告指出，上海环境能源交易所将承担全国碳排放权交易系统账户开立和运行维护等具体工作。

【知识点】

碳排放交易（carbon emission trading），是指《京都议定书(the Kyoto Protocol)》为促进全球温室气体减排（reduce greenhouse gas emissions），以国际公法作为依据的温室气体排放减量交易。这种交易以每吨二氧化碳当量为计算单位，所以通称为“碳交易（carbon exchange）”，其交易市场称为碳市（carbon market）。

建立这种机制的目的在于减少碳排放（carbon emissions），降低能耗（energy consumption）以及碳浓度（carbon intensity）。碳交易机制遵循的是“总量控制和交易原则”（cap-and-trade rules），各地依照其空气质量改善目标为企业配给排放权额度（carbon emission quota），并规范其逐年应削减的排放量比例、达成的目标年等，企业取得排放权额度后，便可根据自身减排情况购买或出售配额。

交易方式

Based on Chinese emissions allowances, a standard set by the State Council in late 2017, the national carbon trading system allows trading modes including listing trading by agreement, bulk trading by agreement and one-way bidding.
根据国务院2017年底设定的中国碳排放权配额标准，全国碳排放权交易系统可以采取挂牌协议交易、大宗协议交易或单向竞价等交易方式。

挂牌协议交易涨跌幅为10%

The transaction price for listing trading will be able to fluctuate by a maximum of 10 percent according to the closing price on the previous trading day, with the minimum declaration amount for bulk trading set at 100,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide and the fluctuation range of the transaction price set at 30 percent.
挂牌协议交易的成交价格在上一个交易日收盘价的±10%之间确定。对于大宗协议交易，单笔买卖最小申报数量应当不小于10万吨二氧化碳当量。大宗协议交易的成交价格在上一个交易日收盘价的±30％之间确定。

Market entities applying for one-way bidding can purchase emission allowances from counterparts, with the bidding information released by the exchange.
申请单向竞买的市场主体可向其他市场主体购买碳排放配额，竞买信息由交易机构发布。

火星车 Mars rover

6月27日，国家航天局发布我国天问一号火星探测任务着陆和巡视探测系列实拍影像。

The clips recorded the Tianwen 1's landing rover deploying its parachute and descending to the Martian surface, and its Mars rover Zhurong driving away from its landing platform and moving over the surface of Mars.
视频片段记录了天问一号着陆巡视器开伞和下降过程、祝融号火星车驶离着陆平台及火星表面移动过程。

【知识点】

2020年4月24日，国家航天局公布：中国行星探测任务（planetary exploration missions）被命名为“天问（Tianwen）系列”，首次火星探测任务（first Mars exploration mission）被命名为“天问一号”，后续行星任务依次编号。“天问”来自中国伟大诗人屈原的长诗《天问》。“天问”这个名字表达了中华民族对于真理追求的坚韧与执着（the Chinese nation's perseverance in pursuing truth），体现了对自然和宇宙空间探索的文化传承（culture of exploring nature and the universe）。

The ambient sound during the process of Zhurong's rolling onto the Martian surface was also published, enabling people to hear the first sounds transmitted from the Chinese robot.
祝融号踏上火星表面全过程的现场声音也同时发布，让人们能够听到中国火星车首次传回地球的声音。

The images include the Martian landscape and the ruts left behind by the rover.
影像包括火星全局环境感知图像、火星车车辙图像等。

2021年4月24日，国家航天局正式公布我国首辆火星车命名为“祝融”，全称“祝融号”。

Zhurong is the god of fire in ancient Chinese mythology. Literally, Zhu (meaning wish) expresses the good wishes for humankind's exploration of the universe. Rong (meaning integration and cooperation) reflects China's vision of the peaceful use of space and the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.
祝融是中国上古神话中的火神。“祝”，表达了对人类踏进星辰大海的美好祝愿，“融”，体现融合、协作，表达中国人和平利用太空、增进人类福祉的格局和愿景。

Fire brought warmth and brightness to the ancestors of humankind, and fire lit up human civilization. The naming is intended to represent the rover's symbolic task to ignite the hope of China's inter-planetary exploration, encourage humanity's relentless adventure into the immense universe, and urge mankind to keep pursuing self-transcendence
火的应用促进了人类文明的发展，驱散黑暗、带来温暖。将首辆火星车命名为祝融号，寓意点燃我国行星际探测的火种，指引人类对浩瀚星空、宇宙未知的接续探索和自我超越。

With an expected life span of three months, the 240-kilogram Zhurong is tasked with surveying Mars' landforms, geological structures, soil characteristics, potential locations of water and ice, and atmospheric and environmental characteristics, as well as magnetic and gravitational fields and other physical properties.
祝融号火星车重240公斤，设计寿命3个月，任务是研究火星形貌与地质构造特征、火星表面土壤特征与水冰分布、火星大气电离层及表面气候与环境特征、火星物理场与内部结构等。

As of the morning of June 27, the orbiter of the Tianwen-1 mission has been operating around Mars for 338 days, and its Earth-Mars distance is approximately 360 million km. The Mars rover Zhurong has been working on Mars for 42 Martian days and has driven a total of 236 meters.
截至6月27日早晨，天问一号环绕器在轨运行338天，地火距离3.6亿千米，祝融号火星车已在火星表面工作42个火星日，累计行驶236米。

【知识点】

火星日（Martian day）平均为 24 小时 39 分 35.244 秒，或 1.027 地球日。火星公转周期（the revolution period of Mars）为 1.88 地球年，687 地球日，或 668.6 火星日。

Zhurong will continue its movement, detection, and scientific exploration missions as planned.
后续，火星车将继续按计划开展移动、感知、科学探测。

The orbiter will continue to operate in a relay orbit, providing relay communication for the rover's scientific exploration while conducting its own scientific detection operations.
环绕器继续运行在中继轨道，为火星车巡视探测提供中继通信，并开展环绕探测。

七一勋章 July 1 Medal

庆祝中国共产党成立100周年“七一勋章”颁授仪式于6月29日上午10时在人民大会堂隆重举行。

Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, presented the July 1 Medal to 29 outstanding CPC members.
中共中央总书记习近平为29名“七一勋章”获得者颁授勋章。

The July 1 Medal, established by the CPC Central Committee, is the highest honor in the Party.
“七一勋章”由中共中央设立，是党内最高荣誉。

“七一勋章”是以朴素、庄重为主要设计理念，以红色、金色、白色为主色调（with red, gold and white as its main colors），使用冷压成型、花丝镶嵌、彩丝织锦等工艺制作。章体采用党徽（the Party emblem）、五角星（the five-pointed star）、旗帜（flags）、丰碑与光芒、向日葵（sunflowers）、大山大河（mountains and rivers）、如意祥云等元素。

“七一勋章”使用织物绶带（ attached to a fabric ribbon），采用向日葵、光芒、星光等元素（elements such as sunflowers, rays of light and starlight）。寓意在党的阳光沐浴下，勋章获得者一心向党，全心全意为人民服务，不忘初心、牢记使命、砥砺前行。
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The recipients included teachers, soldiers, community workers and professionals in the arts and science.
“七一勋章”获得者有教师、士兵、社区工作者以及文艺和科技领域的专业人员。

习近平总书记在颁授仪式上发表重要讲话，以下为双语要点：

- The CPC has written a splendid chapter in the history of the Chinese nation's development and that of humanity's progress over the past century.
一百年来，我们党在中华民族发展史和人类社会进步史上写下了壮丽篇章。

- Generations of Chinese Communists have fought tenaciously for national independence and liberation, for prosperity and strength of the country, and for the happiness of the people.
一代又一代中国共产党人，为赢得民族独立和人民解放、实现国家富强和人民幸福，前仆后继、浴血奋战。

今天受到表彰的“七一勋章”获得者，就是各条战线党员中的杰出代表。在他们身上，生动体现了中国共产党人坚定信念、践行宗旨、拼搏奉献、廉洁奉公的高尚品质和崇高精神。

Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the Chinese Communists' quality and spirit of maintaining staunch faith, which is to stay true to the original aspiration and dedicate everything, even the precious life, to the cause of the Party and people.
——坚定信念，就是坚持不忘初心、不移其志，为党和人民事业奉献自己的一切乃至宝贵生命。

- Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the fundamental tenet of Chinese Communists, which is putting the people at the very center of their hearts, and wholeheartedly serving the people.
——践行宗旨，就是心中装着人民，工作为了人民，一心一意为百姓造福。

- Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the fighting and dedication spirit of Chinese Communists, who make dedicating themselves to the Party and the country and fulfilling their duties a lifelong pursuit.
——拼搏奉献，就是把许党报国、履职尽责作为人生目标。

- The July 1 Medal recipients embody the Chinese Communists' integrity and devotion. Such quality and spirit represent the glorious CPC traditions of hard work and plain living, as well as putting public interests above personal interests.
——廉洁奉公，就是保持共产党人艰苦朴素、公而忘私的光荣传统。

- July 1 Medal recipients are heroes coming from and deeply rooted in the people. The recipients are ordinary heroes that fulfill their duties and make quiet contributions. Their deeds can be followed and their spirit can be pursued.
“七一勋章”获得者都来自人民、植根人民，是立足本职、默默奉献的平凡英雄。他们的事迹可学可做，他们的精神可追可及。

- CPC members and officials should boldly advance toward the second centenary goal of fully building a modern socialist country, as well as the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
广大党员、干部不懈奋斗，永远奋斗，在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程上，向着第二个百年奋斗目标、向着中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦奋勇前进！

高校学生资助热线电话 hotlines for inquiries on college financial-aid programs

6月29日，教育部开通2021年高校学生资助热线电话（hotlines for inquiries on college financial-aid programs），电话号码为010-66097980、010-66096590。

This marks the 17th year in a row that the Ministry of Education has opened such hotlines for inquiries and complaints regarding the country's financial-aid policies for college students.
今年是教育部连续第17年开通高校学生资助热线电话，受理高校学生国家资助政策的咨询和有关投诉建议。

【知识点】

目前，国家已经建立了覆盖各教育阶段、各级各类学校、所有家庭经济困难学生的资助政策体系（a financial assistance system covering all students from disadvantaged backgrounds at all levels of education）。在高等教育阶段，国家奖学金（national scholarship）、国家励志奖学金（national endeavor scholarship）、国家助学金（national grant）、国家助学贷款（national student loans）、新生入学资助（tuition assistance for freshmen）、勤工助学（part-time jobs for students）、学费减免（tuition reduction or exemption）、补偿代偿、“绿色通道”等多种资助方式并举，确保高校家庭经济困难学生顺利入学并完成学业。

教育部表示，为了更好服务家庭经济困难学生和家长，热线电话受理时间将延长。

In addition to daily operations from 8 am to 8 pm during the summer vacation, as in previous years, this year will see extended hotline operations on working days throughout the year starting from Sept 16, the ministry said.
今年热线电话除在暑期集中受理外，从9月16日起将在每个工作日常年开通。

Education authorities and universities across the country are also required to open hotlines to provide information on financial aid.
各地教育管理部门以及高校均应开通热线电话提供资助信息。

教育部特别提醒学生和家长：

Scammers normally search for targets around school opening days. The ministry urged students to stay vigilant against frauds of any kind and get information on financial aid from education authorities and colleges in order to avoid losses.
开学前后是诈骗高发期，一定要通过教育部门和高校等正式渠道咨询学生资助政策，提高警惕，谨防诈骗，避免造成经济损失。

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）