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Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功
[ 2008-11-27 13:44 ]

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Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功

The new trachea being made ready for transplantation

Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century. Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology.

But what are stem cells? Most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes – for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell.

But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.

Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after contracting tuberculosis. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died.

They used strong chemicals to remove the donor’s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold. This was repopulated with cells from Ms Castillo’s windpipe and nose, and stem cells from her bone marrow. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the trachea to be transplanted into Ms Castillo.

Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection.

But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new trachea was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.

This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and spinal cord damage.

However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.

GLOSSARY 词汇表 (收听发音, 请单击英语单词)

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功breakthrough
突破

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功organ transplant
器官移植

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功stem cell
干细胞

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功liver
肝脏

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功windpipe
气管

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功tuberculosis
肺结核

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功donor
捐赠者

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功tissue scaffold
组织支架

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功repopulated
重新构成

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功bone marrow
骨髓

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功rejecting
排斥

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功side-effects
副作用

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功ground-breaking procedure
史无前例的步骤

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功Parkinson's disease
帕金森氏症

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功Alzheimer's disease
阿茨海默症(老人痴呆症)片

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功stroke
中风

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功arthritis
关节炎

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功diabetes
糖尿病

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功spinal cord damage
骨髓损伤

Health: Transplant Success 健康:移植成功embryos
胚胎

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