2020年10月新闻热词汇总

新冠病毒核酸检测移动实验室 COVID-19 Mobile Laboratory

由清华大学、生物芯片北京国家工程研究中心和北京博奥晶典生物技术有限公司共同自主研发的国内首款由轻型客车搭载的新冠病毒核酸检测移动实验室正式交付。

The COVID-19 Mobile Laboratory can analyze nucleic acid samples on the spot, allowing people to obtain results within 45 minutes.
新冠病毒核酸检测移动实验室可现场分析核酸样本，45分钟内出结果。

移动实验室搭载了口腔咽拭子采样机器人（throat swap sampling robots），由机器人完成口腔咽拭子的采样，采样样本通过快速灭活处理（virus inactivation）后直接加入芯片分析系统（automatic microfluidic chip analyzers），彻底避免了常规PCR所需的核酸提取、体系配制等反复开盖及移液操作，最大程度降低了操作人员的感染风险及样本间发生交叉污染的风险（lower the risk of virus infection）。为方便检测结果快速上报，移动实验室同时配备5G通讯系统（5G communication system）。

使用灵活、便捷

The mobile lab can provide on-site tests for 500 to 2,000 people daily and requires only two staff members and a driver for its operation.
移动实验室每天可进行500至2000人份现场检测，只需要两名工作人员和一名司机就可运转。

It realizes the point-of-care testing and is particularly useful for frontier ports, communities and villages.
该实验室可实现即时检验，尤其可在边境口岸、社区、农村等地区使用。

【单词讲解】

这里的point-of-care testing是一个医学用语，一般称为“即时检验”，在英语里也称为near patient/ bedside/extra laboratory testing，指在病人旁边进行的临床检测或床边检测，是在采样现场即刻进行分析，省去标本在实验室检验的复杂处理程序，快速得到检验结果的一种新方法。

目前一个月能产20台

The lab is now priced at 2 million yuan each and the current production capacity is about 20 per month.
目前，该实验室的定价为一台200万元，一个月能产20台。

The cost will be reduced with rising production capacity in the future.
未来，随着产能提高，价格也将随之下降。

 

静音车厢 quiet carriage

京沪高速铁路股份有限公司表示，今年年底前，京沪高铁将推出“静音车厢”及计次季票等新型票制产品系列服务新举措。

The quiet carriages are aimed at providing a more tranquil and comfortable ambience for travelers. Passengers willing to obey the rules can choose the "quiet carriage" while booking tickets on the website or mobile app 12306, according to the Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway Co. Ltd.
京沪高速铁路股份有限公司表示，“静音车厢”可为旅客提供更加安静舒适的旅行环境，愿意遵守相应行为规范的旅客，通过12306网站和手机客户端等购票时可自行选择“静音车厢”。

【单词讲解】

这里的ambience，读作[ˈæm.bi.əns]，也可以拼写为ambiance，一般指某个地方（或某人）的“氛围、格调”，即 a feeling or mood associated with a particular place, person, or thing，与atmosphere的意思相近，比如：The restaurant's soft music and candlelight gave it a romantic ambience.餐厅的轻音乐和蜡烛营造出一种浪漫的氛围。

 

【知识点：compartment和carriage有什么区别】

铁路客车上一节一节的车厢在英式英语中一般用coach或carriage表示，美式英语中常用car表示，乘客车厢就是passenger coach或passenger car，卧铺车厢中独立的隔间叫compartment。火车上其他功能的车厢还有：行李车厢（baggage car）、餐车（dinning car）、卧铺车厢（sleeping car）、硬座车厢（chair car）等。

 

除了“静音车厢”，京沪高铁还将推出新型票制产品。

The company will initiate a flexible pricing mechanism, offering preferential ticket prices for commuters and frequent business travelers.
京沪高铁公司将建立灵活定价机制，为通勤客流以及频繁出行的商务客流提供票价优惠。

自2020年12月23日起，京沪高铁公司将对京沪高铁运行时速300～350公里的高铁动车组列车公布票价进行优化调整。根据客流情况（passenger flow），区分季节、时段、席别、区段等，各站间执行票价将以公布票价为上限，实行多档次、灵活升降的票价体系，为旅客出行提供更多选择。

Under the system, the ticket price for a second-class seat will be between 598 and 498 yuan. For a business class seat, the price will be between 1,998 and 1,748 yuan.
按照新的定价机制，京沪间二等座最低票价498元，最高票价598元；商务座票价在1748元至1998元之间。

 

手机浏览器 browser apps

The Cyberspace Administration of China told operators of the browser apps to conduct self-examinations and rectify problems by Nov 9. The problems include the spreading of rumors, the use of sensational headlines and the dissemination of vulgar content, the statement said.
国家网信办要求手机浏览器运营商在11月9日之前进行自查整改，整改的问题包括，传播谣言、“标题党”，以及传播低俗内容等。

【单词讲解】

“标题党”多指互联网内容发布时使用各种夸张的语言和引人注目的图片诱导人们点击链接，完成引流。但点进去你会发现，里面的故事或新闻多数是假的或者根本就文不对题。在英语中有一个专门的词来描述这种“标题党”行为，就是clickbait，即click（点击）+bait（诱饵）的合成形式，很直观地表现了诱导你点击的这个意思。

在英文报道中，我们常说的“三俗”（庸俗、低俗、媚俗）通常用vulgarity and kitsch表示，kitsch 读作[ˈkich]，指“迎合低级趣味的事物”，多译为媚俗。“反三俗”就可以用anti-vulgarity campaign 表示。

国家网信办的公告指出，

For some time, mobile browsers have grown in an uncivilized way, with irregularities in publishing and spreading information. Some have become a gathering place and amplifier for dissemination of chaos by a few self-media accounts that are illegally editing news.
一段时间以来，手机浏览器野蛮生长，违规从事互联网新闻信息服务，成为“自媒体”传播乱象的聚集地和放大器。

此次专项整治对行业突出问题实施“靶向治疗”（targeted treatment），通过督导整改立起“带电的高压线”（binding rules），推动手机浏览器传播秩序短期内实现实质性好转。

自查整改结束后，网信部门将对自查整改情况检查评估。

If they still have outstanding problems, they'll be dealt with strictly in line with laws and regulations until related businesses are banned
对问题依然突出的手机浏览器，将依法依规严肃处置，直至取缔相关业务。

【单词讲解】

看到这里的outstanding，可能有人会觉得我们用错词了，outstanding不是“优秀的、出色的”意思吗？其实不然，outstanding作为形容词还有一个常用的意思就是“尚未完成的，尚待解决的”意思，比如：$450 million in outstanding debts（4.5亿美元的未偿还债务）， a couple of problems outstanding（尚未解决的一些问题）等。

 

10月27日，UC、QQ、华为、360、搜狗、小米、vivo、OPPO等8款影响力较大的手机浏览器按照国家网信办要求，统一发布《自查整改公告》。

公告称，根据国家网信办商业网站平台和“自媒体”传播秩序突出问题集中整治工作部署，自即日起至11月9日，对存在的网络传播秩序问题进行全面自查，深入整改。

 

承载量 carrying capacity

China plans to lay down a red line on carrying capacities to cope with potential overtourism at its grotto relics, said heritage and tourism authorities.
国家文物和旅游管理部门表示，将对石窟寺等遗产景区设置承载量警示线，以解决可能出现的过度旅游问题。

 

【单词讲解】

这里的carrying capacity原本是生物学领域的一个术语，指“the maximum number of organisms that an ecosystem can sustainably support”（一个生态系统能够持续供养的有机生物体最大量），即“环境承载力”，超过了这个数量，就可能出现资源短缺，从而导致有机生物体数量下降的情况。在日常生活中，carrying capacity也可以用来表示景区、公交、地铁等各种不同场合的“承载量”，比如：carrying capacity of a school bus（校车承载量）、carrying capacity of a scenic spot（景区承载量）、current carrying capacity（电流负载容量）等。

通知要求，各省级文物行政部门应会同文化和旅游行政部门合理测算、从严设定石窟寺景区游客承载量。游客承载量应包括核心景区承载量（core areas）、重要区域(如窟前平台)承载量（key areas）、各开放洞窟承载量（individual caves）、栈道/游步道承载量（cliff paths at grotto sites），重点洞窟和栈道必须确定瞬时承载量（instantaneous carrying capacity）。

 

严格控制游客数量

The notice listed an array of measures to help control tourist flow, including online reservations, digital ticketing, and staggered visiting times.
通知列出了一些控制客流的措施，包括网络预约、电子票务、错峰参观等。

【单词讲解】

这里的an array of是一个固定搭配的短语，表示“一群，一批，一堆”等意思，比如， an array of perfumes and creams on the table（桌上有各种香水和面霜）， an array of leather shoes in stock（一批皮鞋现货）等。

Management teams of grotto relics are also encouraged to create digital versions of museums, develop smart relic sites, and introduce VR services to offer better touring experience.
鼓励石窟寺景区通过建设数字博物馆、智慧景区以及虚拟体验等措施，提升游客参观游览体验。

 

坚持保护第一

通知要求，妥善处理保护利用与旅游开发的关系（address the relationship between conservation and use and tourism development），避免石窟寺景区过度商业化（excessive commercialization）、娱乐化。

 

 

十九届五中全会 the fifth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee

中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第五次全体会议，于2020年10月26日至29日在北京举行。

全会听取和讨论了习近平受中央政治局委托作的工作报告，审议通过了《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》（proposals for formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035）。

以下为公报双语要点：

“十三五”规划目标任务即将完成，决胜全面建成小康社会取得决定性成就

 

The work of the Political Bureau was fully acknowledged, says the communique, adding that China has seen its economic growth beat expectations, people's living standards ensured, and the overall situation of society maintained stable over the past year.
全会充分肯定党的十九届四中全会以来中央政治局的工作。经济增长好于预期，人民生活得到有力保障，社会大局保持稳定。

“十三五”时期，全面深化改革取得重大突破，全面依法治国取得重大进展，全面从严治党取得重大成果，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化加快推进，中国共产党领导和我国社会主义制度优势进一步彰显；经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新的大台阶，经济运行总体平稳，经济结构持续优化：

China's gross domestic product expected to exceed 100 trillion yuan ($14.9 trillion) in 2020
预计二〇二〇年国内生产总值突破一百万亿元；

55.75 million rural residents lifted out of poverty
五千五百七十五万农村贫困人口实现脱贫；

More than 60 million new urban jobs created
城镇新增就业超过六千万人；

Annual grain output remained above 650 million metric tons for five consecutive years
粮食年产量连续五年稳定在一万三千亿斤以上；

Basic medical insurance covers over 1.3 billion people
基本医疗保险覆盖超过十三亿人；

Basic old-age insurance covers nearly 1 billion people
基本养老保险覆盖近十亿人

 

The communique says China is still in an important period of strategic opportunity for development at present and for the foreseeable future, but there are new developments in both opportunities and challenges.
全会认为，当前和今后一个时期，我国发展仍然处于重要战略机遇期，但机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化。

 

2035年远景目标

The session raised a set of long-range objectives for China to basically achieve socialist modernization by 2035.
全会提出了到二〇三五年基本实现社会主义现代化远景目标。

-- China's economic and technological strength, and composite national strength will increase significantly. A new stride will be made in the growth of the economy and the per capita income of urban and rural residents. Making major breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas, China will become a global leader in innovation;
我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力将大幅跃升，经济总量和城乡居民人均收入将再迈上新的大台阶，关键核心技术实现重大突破，进入创新型国家前列；

-- New industrialization, IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization will be basically achieved. China will finish building a modernized economy;
基本实现新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化，建成现代化经济体系；

-- The modernization of China's system and capacity for governance will be basically achieved. The people's rights to participate and to develop as equals will be adequately protected. The rule of law for the country, the government, and society will be basically in place;
基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，人民平等参与、平等发展权利得到充分保障，基本建成法治国家、法治政府、法治社会；

-- China will become a strong country in culture, education, talent, sports and health. The well-rounded development of all people and social etiquette and civility will be significantly enhanced. China's cultural soft power will grow much stronger;
建成文化强国、教育强国、人才强国、体育强国、健康中国，国民素质和社会文明程度达到新高度，国家文化软实力显著增强；

-- Eco-friendly ways of work and life will be advanced to cover all areas of society. Carbon emission will steadily decline after reaching a peak, and there will be a fundamental improvement in the environment with the goal of building a Beautiful China basically reached;
广泛形成绿色生产生活方式，碳排放达峰后稳中有降，生态环境根本好转，美丽中国建设目标基本实现；

-- The opening-up will reach a new stage with substantial growth of the country's strengths for participating in international economic cooperation and competition;
形成对外开放新格局，参与国际经济合作和竞争新优势明显增强；

-- The per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries. The size of the middle-income group will be significantly expanded. Equitable access to basic public services will be ensured. Disparities in urban-rural development, in development between regions, and in living standards will be significantly reduced;
人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平，中等收入群体显著扩大，基本公共服务实现均等化，城乡区域发展差距和居民生活水平差距显著缩小；

-- The implementation of the Peaceful China initiative will be promoted to a higher level. The modernization of national defense and the military will be basically achieved;
平安中国建设达到更高水平，基本实现国防和军队现代化；

-- People will lead a better life, and more notable and substantial progress will be achieved in promoting well-rounded human development and achieving common prosperity for everyone.
人民生活更加美好，人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。

“十四五”经济社会发展主要目标

The session also laid down a set of guiding principles to be followed, and major economic and social development targets for the next five years.
全会提出了“十四五”时期经济社会发展指导思想和必须遵循的原则，以及经济社会发展主要目标。

For the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China will speed up fostering a new development pattern where domestic and foreign markets can boost each other, with the domestic market as the mainstay, the communique says.
“十四五”时期，加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。

China will strive to make new strides in economic development during the period. It aims to realize sustained and healthy economic development on the basis of a marked improvement in quality and efficiency.
经济发展取得新成效，在质量效益明显提升的基础上实现经济持续健康发展。

With new steps to be taken in reform and opening up, China will further improve its socialist market economy and basically complete the building of a high-standard market system.
改革开放迈出新步伐，社会主义市场经济体制更加完善，高标准市场体系基本建成。

China's social etiquette and civility shall be further enhanced, while the core socialist values shall be embraced by the people. The country aims to make new progress in building an ecological civilization, boost the well-being of people, and enhance governance capacity.
社会文明程度得到新提高，社会主义核心价值观深入人心。生态文明建设实现新进步，民生福祉达到新水平，国家治理效能得到新提升。

 

全会提出12项重要举措：

Uphold the central role of innovation in the modernization drive and implementing the innovation-driven development strategy.
坚持创新在我国现代化建设全局中的核心地位，深入实施创新驱动发展战略;

Continue to take the real economy as the focus of its economic development, unswervingly build itself into a manufacturer of quality and enhance its strength in cyberspace and digital technology.
坚持把发展经济着力点放在实体经济上，坚定不移建设制造强国、质量强国、网络强国、数字中国;

Nurture a strong domestic market and establish a new development pattern,
形成强大国内市场，构建新发展格局；

Comprehensively deepen reform in pursuit of a high-level socialist market economy,
全面深化改革，构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制；

Prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas, fully advance rural vitalization,
优先发展农业农村，全面推进乡村振兴；

Push forward coordinated regional development and a new type of urbanization, among others.
推进区域协调发展和新型城镇化；

Promote the country's cultural soft power,
提高国家文化软实力；

Advance green development,
推动绿色发展；

Pursue a new round of high-level opening-up
实行高水平对外开放；

Further improve the quality of people's lives,
改善人民生活品质；

Coordinate development and security,
统筹发展和安全；

Speed up the modernization of national defense and the military.
加快国防和军队现代化。

 

The communique stresses that the overall leadership of the CPC must be upheld to realize the 14th Five-Year Plan and achieve the long-range objectives set for 2035.
全会强调，实现“十四五”规划和二〇三五年远景目标，必须坚持党的全面领导。

It also says that China is committed to maintaining lasting prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao as well as advancing the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and national reunification.
要保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定，推进两岸关系和平发展和祖国统一。

China will hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, and strive to create a favorable external environment and promote the building of a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future for humanity, it adds.
要高举和平、发展、合作、共赢旗帜，积极营造良好外部环境，推动构建新型国际关系和人类命运共同体。