习近平：关于《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》的说明（双语全文）

关于《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》的说明
Explanation of the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century

习近平
Xi Jinping

受中央政治局委托，我就《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》起草的有关情况向全会作说明。
On behalf of the Political Bureau of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), I will now brief you on the Resolution of the CPC Central Committee on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century and related issues.

一、关于党的十九届六中全会议题的考虑
I. Considerations on the Agenda of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee

我们党历来高度注重总结历史经验。早在延安时期，毛泽东同志就指出：“如果不把党的历史搞清楚，不把党在历史上所走的路搞清楚，便不能把事情办得更好。”在争取抗日战争最后胜利的关头，1945年，党的六届七中全会通过了《关于若干历史问题的决议》，对建党以后特别是党的六届四中全会至遵义会议前这一段党的历史及其经验教训进行了总结，对若干重大历史问题作出了结论，使全党特别是党的高级干部对中国革命基本问题的认识达到了一致，增强了全党团结，为党的七大胜利召开创造了充分条件，有力促进了中国革命事业发展。
Our Party has always attached great importance to reviewing its historical experience. As early as in the Yan’an period, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out, “We will not be able to achieve greater success unless we have a clear understanding of our history and of the roads we have traveled.”

In 1945, at the critical juncture for securing final victory in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Sixth CPC Central Committee convened its seventh plenary session and adopted the Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party. The resolution reviewed the history of the Party and the experience it had gained and lessons it had learned since its founding in 1921, especially those in the period between the fourth plenary session of the Sixth Central Committee in January 1931 and the Zunyi Meeting in January 1935. It drew conclusions on major historical issues of the Party, leading to a broad consensus among all Party members, particularly high-ranking officials, on fundamental questions pertaining to the Chinese revolution. It served to strengthen the solidarity of the Party, paved the way for the convocation of the Seventh CPC National Congress, and helped advance the Chinese revolution significantly.

进入改革开放新时期，邓小平同志说：“历史上成功的经验是宝贵财富，错误的经验、失败的经验也是宝贵财富。这样来制定方针政策，就能统一全党思想，达到新的团结。这样的基础是最可靠的。”1981年，党的十一届六中全会通过了《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》，回顾了新中国成立以前党的历史，总结了社会主义革命和建设的历史经验，对一些重大事件和重要人物作出了评价，特别是正确评价了毛泽东同志和毛泽东思想，分清了是非，纠正了“左”右两方面的错误观点，统一了全党思想，对推动党团结一致向前看、更好推进改革开放和社会主义现代化建设产生了重大影响。
When our country entered a new period marked by the launch of reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping noted, “The experience of successes is invaluable, and so are the lessons learned from mistakes and setbacks. Principles and policies formulated on the basis of the experience gained and lessons learned will unify all Party members in thinking. The unity so formed is most reliable.”

In 1981, at its sixth plenary session, the 11th Party Central Committee adopted the Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China. The resolution reviewed the Party’s history in the period before the founding of the People’s Republic and summarized the experience it had gained in the course of socialist revolution and construction.

The resolution gave assessments of certain major events and important figures, particularly a correct appraisal of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought. It drew a clear distinction between right and wrong and corrected the erroneous “Leftist” and Rightist viewpoints existing at the time. Through the resolution, the Party came to a clear consensus and was more united than ever in support of a forward-looking approach. All this provided a strong impetus to the Party’s endeavors in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.

现在，距离第一个历史决议制定已经过去了76年，距离第二个历史决议制定也过去了40年。40年来，党和国家事业大大向前发展了，党的理论和实践也大大向前发展了。站在新的历史起点上，回顾过去，展望未来，全面总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验特别是改革开放40多年来的重大成就和历史经验，既有客观需要，也具备主观条件。
Seventy-six years have passed since the adoption of the Party’s first resolution on historical issues, and 40 years since the second. The past four decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the cause of the Party and the country and tremendous advances for the Party in theoretical and practical terms.

We have now arrived at a new historic milestone. As we look back and set our sights on the future, we have both an objective need and the subjective conditions for a full review of our Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century, especially those in the 40-plus years of reform and opening up.

党中央认为，在党成立一百周年的重要历史时刻，在党和人民胜利实现第一个百年奋斗目标、全面建成小康社会，正在向着全面建成社会主义现代化强国的第二个百年奋斗目标迈进的重大历史关头，全面总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验，对推动全党进一步统一思想、统一意志、统一行动，团结带领全国各族人民夺取新时代中国特色社会主义新的伟大胜利，具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。
The Central Committee considers it important in both a practical and historical sense to have a comprehensive review of the major achievements and historical experience of the Party over the past century as we celebrate its centenary and the fulfillment of the First Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and move on toward the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects. This review will help build a broader consensus and stronger unity in will and action among all members and rally and lead Chinese people of all ethnic groups in achieving new and great success in building socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

党中央认为，党的百年奋斗历程波澜壮阔，时间跨度长，涉及范围广，需要研究的问题多。总的是要按照总结历史、把握规律、坚定信心、走向未来的要求，把党走过的光辉历程总结好，把党团结带领人民取得的辉煌成就总结好，把党推进革命、建设、改革的宝贵经验总结好，把党的十八大以来党和国家事业砥砺奋进的理论和实践总结好。具体来说，就是要深入研究党领导人民进行革命、建设、改革的百年历程，全面总结党从胜利走向胜利的伟大历史进程、为国家和民族建立的伟大历史功绩；深入研究党坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，不断推进马克思主义中国化的百年历程，深化对新时代党的创新理论的理解和掌握；深入研究党不断维护党的团结、维护党中央权威和集中统一领导的百年历程，深刻领悟加强党的政治建设这个马克思主义政党的鲜明特征和政治优势；深入研究党为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴的百年历程，深刻认识党同人民生死相依、休戚与共的血肉联系，更好为人民谋幸福、依靠人民创造历史伟业；深入研究党加强自身建设、推进自我革命的百年历程，增强全面从严治党永远在路上的坚定和执着，确保党在新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的历史进程中始终成为坚强领导核心；深入研究历史发展规律和大势，始终掌握新时代新征程党和国家事业发展的历史主动，增强锚定既定奋斗目标、意气风发走向未来的勇气和力量。
The Central Committee understands that the Party has gone through an extraordinary journey over the past century. The great endeavors of the Party span a long period of time, cover a wide range of fields, and involve many issues that merit our careful study. As a general requirement, we need to review our history and understand the underlying dynamics of its development so as to prepare for the future with greater confidence.

To this end, we need to relive the glories of the Party and appreciate how the Party has rallied and led the Chinese people in making magnificent achievements. We need to take stock of the invaluable experience the Party has gained in carrying out revolution, construction, and reform, and summarize the Party’s theories and practices that have proved successful in advancing the cause of the Party and the country since the 18th CPC National Congress.

To be more specific, we need to revisit the Party’s century-long history of leading the people in carrying out revolution, construction, and reform. We need to review the Party’s great historical course of achieving one victory after another and the historic accomplishments the Party has achieved in the interests of the country and the nation.

We need to revisit the Party’s century-long history in which the Party has advanced Marxism in the Chinese context by adapting the basic tenets of Marxism to China’s realities and fine traditional culture, and we need to gain a deeper understanding of the Party’s innovative theories for the new era.

We need to revisit the Party’s century-long history in which the Party has maintained unity and upheld the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership. We need to appreciate the significance of enhancing the Party’s political development, which is a distinctive feature and political strength of a Marxist party such as ours.

We need to revisit the Party’s century-long journey in pursuit of happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. We must always bear in mind that the Party and the people are inextricably connected and rise and fall together. It is only with such understanding that we Party members can better devote ourselves to the benefit of the people and rely on them in our endeavor for greater accomplishments.

We need to revisit the Party’s century-long journey in which it has grown stronger through self-improvement and self-reform. We must never falter in exercising full and rigorous self-governance of the Party and must see this as a mission that is forever ongoing so as to make sure that the Party always remains a powerful leadership core in the endeavor to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

We need to fully appreciate the laws and prevailing trends of history, seize the historical initiative in the cause of the Party and the country throughout our new journey in the new era, and galvanize even greater courage and strength for keeping to our set goals and striding ahead with pride and confidence.

党中央认为，总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验，要坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的方法论，用具体历史的、客观全面的、联系发展的观点来看待党的历史。要坚持正确党史观、树立大历史观，准确把握党的历史发展的主题主线、主流本质，正确对待党在前进道路上经历的失误和曲折，从成功中吸取经验，从失误中吸取教训，不断开辟走向胜利的道路。要旗帜鲜明反对历史虚无主义，加强思想引导和理论辨析，澄清对党史上一些重大历史问题的模糊认识和片面理解，更好正本清源。
The Central Committee considers it essential to follow the methodology of dialectical and historical materialism in the review of the Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century. We need to look at the Party’s history from a concrete, objective, and holistic perspective while recognizing that it is interconnected and evolving.

We need to maintain a rational outlook on Party history and see history from a broader perspective so as to develop an accurate understanding of the underlying trends and defining features of the CPC’s history of evolution.

We need to properly address the mistakes and setbacks that have occurred on the Party’s path forward. We should draw experience from our successes and learn lessons from our mistakes so as to score new victories.

We need to do better at setting things straight, taking a clear-cut stance against historical nihilism, strengthening ideological guidance and theoretical analysis, and clearing up confusion and misunderstandings over certain major questions in the Party’s history.

对这次全会决议起草，党中央明确要求着重把握好以下几点。
The Central Committee has made it clear that the following are the top priorities in drafting the resolution to be adopted at this session:

第一，聚焦总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验。我们党已先后制定了两个历史决议。从建党到改革开放之初，党的历史上的重大是非问题，这两个历史决议基本都解决了，其基本论述和结论至今仍然适用。改革开放以来，尽管党的工作中也出现过一些问题，但总体上讲党和国家事业发展是顺利的，前进方向是正确的，取得的成就是举世瞩目的。基于此，这次全会决议要把着力点放在总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验上，以推动全党增长智慧、增进团结、增加信心、增强斗志。
1. The resolution must focus on the Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century.

Our Party has already produced two resolutions on historical issues. These settled controversies on major issues in Party history in the period from its founding to the early stage of reform and opening up, and their basic points and conclusions remain valid.

Since reform and opening up began, the cause of the Party and the country has generally speaking made smooth progress in the right direction with achievements that have earned worldwide recognition, despite certain problems that have occurred in the Party’s work. In view of this, the resolution to be adopted at this session should focus on a review of the Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century. This will help pool our wisdom, strengthen our unity, and boost our confidence and morale.

第二，突出中国特色社会主义新时代这个重点。这次全会决议重点总结新时代党和国家事业取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革和积累的新鲜经验，主要考虑是，对党在新民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命和建设时期、党的十一届三中全会到党的十一届六中全会期间的历史，前两个历史决议已经作过系统总结；对改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期的成就和经验，党的十一届三中全会召开二十周年、三十周年时党中央都进行了认真总结，我在庆祝改革开放四十周年大会上发表讲话，也作了系统总结。因此，对党的十八大之前的历史时期，这次全会决议要在已有总结和结论的基础上进行概述。突出中国特色社会主义新时代这个重点，有利于引导全党进一步坚定信心，聚焦我们正在做的事情，以更加昂扬的姿态迈进新征程、建功新时代。
2. The resolution must highlight the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

This resolution places emphasis on the new era, mainly reviewing the historic achievements and the historic shifts in the cause of the Party and the country, and the latest experience that the Party has gained during this period. This is because the previous two resolutions on historical issues were devoted to Party history during the new-democratic revolution period, the period of socialist revolution and construction, and the period between the third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee in 1978 and its sixth plenary session in 1981.

As for the achievements and experience from the period marked by reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, the Central Committee has already conducted earnest reviews on the occasions of the 20th and 30th anniversary celebrations of the third plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee. I also gave a systematic analysis of the achievements and experience from this period in my address at a gathering marking the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up.

Therefore, the resolution before us needs to focus on the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics along with a brief summary of Party history prior to the 18th National Congress based on existing reviews and conclusions. This will help further fortify confidence among all Party members, focus on our current endeavors, and enable us to forge ahead on the new journey with greater morale and make still greater contributions in the new era.

第三，对重大事件、重要会议、重要人物的评价注重同党中央已有结论相衔接。关于党的十八大之前党的历史上的重大事件、重要会议、重要人物，前两个历史决议、党的一系列重要文献都有过大量论述，都郑重作过结论。这次全会决议坚持这些基本论述和结论。党的十八大以来，我在庆祝中国共产党成立九十五周年大会、庆祝中国人民解放军建军九十周年大会、庆祝中华人民共和国成立七十周年大会特别是庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年大会等重要会议上，对党的历史都作过总结和论述，体现了党中央对党的百年奋斗的新认识。这次全会决议要体现这些新认识。
3. The resolution’s appraisal of major events, significant meetings, and important figures must be consistent with the Party Central Committee’s existing conclusions.

The previous two resolutions, along with the Party’s long list of important literature, document the major events, meetings, and figures in Party history prior to its 18th National Congress, and contain well-considered conclusions on historical issues. These points and conclusions are to be upheld in the new resolution.

Since the 18th National Congress, I have spoken about Party history and the Party’s conclusions on historical issues on a number of important occasions, including events marking the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Party, the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army, the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and the Party’s centenary in particular. These statements represent an updated understanding on the part of the Central Committee of the Party’s century-long history. This updated understanding needs to be reflected in the new resolution.