12月新闻热词汇总

深汕特别合作区 Shenzhen-Shanwei Special Cooperation Zone

The Shenzhen-Shanwei Special Cooperation Zone was established on Dec 16, 2018.
2018年12月16日，深汕特别合作区成立。

The zone, 60 kilometers to the east of Shenzhen, is a cooperative project between Shenzhen and Shanwei governments, and aims to grow into a mid-size city with a projected population of 1.5 million and a concentration of high-tech industry including artificial intelligence and robotics within 15 years.
深汕特别合作区位于深圳以东60公里处，是深圳市政府和汕尾市政府的合作项目，计划在15年内发展成为人口规模150万、聚集了人工智能和机器人技术等高科技行业的中等规模城市。

深汕特别合作区（the Shenzhen-Shanwei Special Cooperation Zone）位于粤港澳大湾区最东端，地处珠三角平原和潮汕平原之间，距离深圳60公里，西与惠州市接壤，东与汕尾市相连，南临南海红海湾，规划范围包括汕尾市海丰县鹅埠、小漠、鲘门、赤石镇和圆墩林场四镇一场，总面积468.3平方公里，海岸线长50.9公里，人口约7.65万人，海域面积1152平方公里。

作为国家示范项目（national demonstration project），深汕特别合作区地处珠三角核心区（core area of the Pearl River Delta）和沿海经济带的连接点（junction of coastal economic belt），区位独特、交通便利、空间广阔、生态优美，是珠三角通往粤东的桥头堡（a bridgehead from the less developed eastern Guangdong to the Pearl River Delta region），深港向东拓展辐射的战略支点。

深汕特别合作区打破了行政区划和属地化管理原则限制的掣肘，机构管理体系由原来的“深圳市主导经济管理和建设，汕尾市负责征地拆迁和社会事务”变为“深圳市全面主导建设发展（Shenzhen takes the leading role in development）”。

深汕特别合作区坚持“深圳总部+深汕基地”的产业发展模式，借力深圳科技产业创新优势，重点引进战略性新兴产业（strategic emerging industries）、未来产业（future-oriented industries）及科技创新（scientific and technological innovation）等产业项目，着重布局人工智能、机器人等前沿领域，与深圳之间形成了产业布局合理、产业层次清晰、产业分工明确、产业链互补的经济发展模式。

退押金 deposit refund

Over 12 million users of bike-sharing firm Ofo have requested deposit refunds as of Friday, with the company possibly owing in excess of 1 billion yuan to its riders.
截至21日，逾1200万用户已向共享单车企业Ofo申请退押金，Ofo待退押金可能超过10亿元。

近日，Ofo小黄车因为退押金(deposit refund)问题被推上了舆论的风口浪尖。Ofo公司北京总部数百名用户排队退押金(hundreds of users lined up at Ofo's Beijing headquarters to get their deposits refunded)、假装外国人Ofo秒退押金(pretend to be foreigners and Ofo returns deposits in seconds)等消息，引爆了Ofo退押金的热潮。

本月17日晚，Ofo官方微博公布退押金新政(new deposit return policy)，表示所有退押金申请，无论线上线下，都将统一进行收集和审核(all deposit refund applications, online or offline, will be collected and reviewed)，公司会按申请顺序退还押金(the deposit will be refunded in order of application)。目前排队人数已经突破1200万，按照每名用户99-199元押金来算，待退押金或超过10亿元。2017年11月，Ofo用户超过两亿。千万用户集体退押金，意味着大量用户将流失，Ofo营收可能面临雪崩式下滑。

针对"大量用户到Ofo总部排队现场退押金"一事，交通运输部新闻发言人吴春耕回应称，正督促Ofo畅通退押金渠道(smooth channels to return deposits)，优化退押金流程，加快退款进度(speed up refund procedures)，切实保障用户合法权益(protect the legitimate rights and interests of users)。

据中国执行信息公开网披露，深陷困境的(beleaguered, in hot water)Ofo小黄车和它的创始人戴威收到了法院颁出的限制消费令(be issued consumption restrictions by a court)。该公司及戴威本人不得坐飞机及软卧(be forbidden from taking an airplane as well as the soft berths in trains)、不能在星级宾馆等场合消费。

撤军 US troops withdrawal

The Trump administration says US troops are being withdrawn from Syria, after the president said the Islamic State (IS) group had been "defeated".
美国总统特朗普宣称极端组织“伊斯兰国”已被“击败”之后，美国政府表示已开始撤回驻叙美军。

The Pentagon said it was transitioning to the "next phase of the campaign" but did not give details.
美国国防部表示该行动正进入“下一阶段”，但没有透露细节。

白宫发言人桑德斯发表声明说：

Five years ago, Isis was a very powerful and dangerous force in the Middle East, and now the United States has defeated the territorial caliphate.
五年前，“伊斯兰国”是中东地区一支非常强大而危险的势力，如今美国已击败控制了一定区域的“哈里发国”。

We have started returning United States troops home as we transition to the next phase of this campaign.
随着对“伊斯兰国”的打击行动进入下一阶段，美国已开始撤回驻叙美军。

The US and its allies stood ready to re-engage at all levels to defend American interests whenever necessary, and we will continue to work together to deny radical Islamist terrorists territory, funding, support and any means of infiltrating our borders.
美国和盟国仍将随时根据需要采取行动捍卫美国的利益。美国与盟国将继续携手阻止恐怖分子获得土地、资金和支持，并阻止其进入美国或盟国境内。

目前，驻叙利亚美军士兵超过2000人。路透社援引白宫一位不愿透露姓名的官员称，美国宣布开始自叙利亚撤军后，国务院会在24小时内，将所有人员撤离叙利亚（all US State Department personnel are being evacuated from Syria within 24 hours）。另外，美国军队大概会在60到100天内完成从叙利亚撤军（the time-frame for the troops withdrawal from Syria is expected to be between 60 and 100 days）。

年度汉字 Chinese character of the year

"Striving" and "the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up" have been respectively chosen as the Chinese Character and Word of the Year 2018 in China.
"奋"和"改革开放四十年"分别当选年度国内字、国内词。

由国家语言资源监测与研究中心(National Language Resource Monitoring and Research Center)、商务印书馆等单位联合主办的"汉语盘点2018"活动20日在京揭晓。"奋"、"改革开放四十年"、"退(exit/quit)"和"贸易摩擦(trade friction)"分别当选年度国内字、国内词、国际字和国际词(international Chinese Character and Word of the Year)。

"奋"是振奋人心(inspiring)，是奋发图强(striving to be strong)，是奋勇拼搏(pressing ahead)，也是奋不顾身(courageous and daring)。在波澜壮阔的新时代画卷中，奋斗本身就是一种幸福。

今年迎来"改革开放四十年"，从开启新时期到跨入新世纪，从站上新起点到进入新时代，我国在各方面取得了伟大成就(China has made significant achievements in various fields)。改革开放只有进行时，没有完成时(reform and opening-up is an ongoing process and we will never stop)，我们应不忘初心，牢记使命，将改革开放进行到底。

2018年，"退"字诀横扫三大洲。美国退出伊朗核协议(the Iran nuclear deal)、联合国人权理事会(the United Nations Human Rights Council)；英国脱欧协议(the Brexit deal)草案出炉。各国"退群"目的不同，但都是国家利益使然。

美国对中国商品加征关税(impose additional tariffs on Chinese goods)，引发"贸易摩擦"。经济全球化是大势所趋，和平与发展是民心所向(Economic globalization is the trend of the times, and peace and development represent the shared aspiration of all peoples)。对中美两国来说，合作是唯一正确的选择，共赢才能通向更好的未来(only a win-win approach will lead to a better future)。

【2018年度十大流行语】

宪法修正案 the amendment to the Constitution

命运共同体 a community with a shared future

进博会 China International Import Expo

贸易摩擦 trade friction

锦鲤 koi fish

板门店宣言 the Panmunjom Declaration

立德树人 foster character and civic virtue

“一箭双星” twin satellites carried by one rocket

幸福都是奋斗出来的 happiness is achieved through hard work

改革开放四十周年 the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up

【2018中国媒体十大新词语】

进博会 China International Import Expo

直播答题 livestreaming quiz

信联 union of personal credit information

政治站位 political stance

限竞房 price-capped homes

消费降级 consumption downgrading

中国农民丰收节 Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival

贸易霸凌 trade hegemony and bullying

大数据杀熟 profiteering on big data

冰屏ice screen

改革开放40周年 the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up

12月18日上午10时，庆祝改革开放40周年大会在人民大会堂举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平出席大会并发表重要讲话。在大会上，习近平主席的这些金句振奋人心！

忍饥挨饿、缺吃少穿、生活困顿这些几千年来困扰我国人民的问题总体上一去不复返了！
Hunger, shortage and poverty that plagued Chinese people for thousands of years have been generally left behind.

40年来取得的成就不是天上掉下来的，更不是别人恩赐施舍的，而是全党全国各族人民用勤劳、智慧、勇气干出来的！
What we have achieved in the past 40 years is not a godsend, still less a gift from others. It comes from the hard work, wisdom and courage of all members of the Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.

坚持把人民拥护不拥护、赞成不赞成、高兴不高兴作为制定政策的依据，顺应民心、尊重民意、关注民情、致力民生。
In considering and introducing a policy, we must first and foremost ensure the backing, approval and endorsement of the people. We must act in line with our people's aspirations, respect their views and ideas, care about their worries and concerns and commit to improving their livelihood.

在中国这样一个有着5000多年文明史、13亿多人口的大国推进改革发展，没有可以奉为金科玉律的教科书，也没有可以对中国人民颐指气使的教师爷。
There is no textbook or golden rule to follow for reform and development in China, a country with over 5000 years of civilization and more than 1.3 billion people. No one is in the position to dictate to the Chinese people what should or should not be done.

我们有坚定的政治决心和强大能力维护国家主权和领土完整，祖国的神圣领土一寸都不能分裂出去！
With firm political resolve and strong capability to uphold national sovereignty and territorial integrity, we will never allow any of our sacred territory, not even an inch, to be separated from the motherland!

伟大梦想不是等得来、喊得来的，而是拼出来、干出来的。我们现在所处的，是一个船到中流浪更急、人到半山路更陡的时候，是一个愈进愈难、愈进愈险而又不进则退、非进不可的时候。
A great dream will not come true through waiting or chanting slogans; it can only be fulfilled with hard work and perseverance. We are now in a state very much like sailing to the midstream of a river or climbing halfway up a mountain, as the goings get tough, we must press ahead and there's no turning back.

信仰、信念、信心，任何时候都至关重要。小到一个人、一个集体，大到一个政党、一个民族、一个国家，只要有信仰、信念、信心，就会愈挫愈奋、愈战愈勇，否则就会不战自败、不打自垮。
Conviction, commitment and confidence matter at all times. With these traits, an individual, a group or a political party, a people, or even a country, would always emerge stronger from setbacks. But without them, one would easily give up and lose the courage to fight.

在近代以来漫长的历史进程中，中国人民经历了太多太多的磨难，付出了太多太多的牺牲，进行了太多太多的拼搏。现在，中国人民和中华民族在历史进程中积累的强大能量已经充分爆发出来了，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了势不可挡的磅礴力量。
The untold sufferings, heavy sacrifices, and heroic struggles of the Chinese people and Chinese nation have fostered a mighty energy over a long course of history. Today, such an energy has been brought out and offers an irresistible driving force for our national rejuvenation.

建成社会主义现代化强国，实现中华民族伟大复兴，是一场接力跑，我们要一棒接着一棒跑下去，每一代人都要为下一代人跑出一个好成绩。
Turning China into a great modern socialist country and achieving national rejuvenation is like a relay race, in which the baton is passed on from generation to generation. Every generation must strive for a good score for the sake of future ones.

将改革开放进行到底，不断实现人民对美好生活的向往，在新时代创造中华民族新的更大奇迹！创造让世界刮目相看的新的更大奇迹！
We will stay committed to the reform and opening-up and see that our people realize their aspirations for a better life. In this way, we will create new and even greater miracles of the Chinese nation in the new era, miracles that will truly impress the world!