2019年2月新闻热词汇总

互联网+护理服务 Internet Plus nursing services

国家卫生健康委员会发布《“互联网+护理服务”试点工作方案》，确定在北京市、天津市、上海市、江苏省、浙江省、广东省6省市进行“互联网+护理服务”试点，试点时间为2019年2月至12月。

According to the announcement, Internet Plus nursing services will be an online system that will enable discharged patients and elderly or disabled people to call registered nurses to visit them at home and provide nursing services.
方案指出，“互联网+护理服务”是供康复期患者或失能老人联系注册护士上门提供护理服务的一个在线平台。

服务对象是谁？

方案提到，“互联网+护理服务（Internet Plus nursing services）”重点对高龄或失能老年人（elderly or disabled people）、康复期患者（convalescents）和终末期患者（terminally ill patients）等行动不便的人群，提供慢病管理（chronic care management）、康复护理（rehabilitation nursing）、专项护理（specific care）、健康教育（health education）、安宁疗护（hospice care）等方面的护理服务。

“互联网+护理服务”的护士需具备什么条件？

方案明确，派出的注册护士应当至少具备五年以上临床护理工作经验（registered nurses sent by pilot medical institutions should have at least five years of clinical nursing service experience）和护师（nurse practitioner）以上技术职称，能够在全国护士电子注册系统中查询。

安全保障措施

方案提出，试点医疗机构或互联网信息技术平台应当按照协议要求，为护士提供手机APP定位追踪系统，配置护理工作记录仪（nursing work recorder），使服务行为全程留痕可追溯（traceable），配备一键报警装置（one-click alarm device），购买责任险、医疗意外险和人身意外险等。要建立医疗纠纷和风险防范机制（medical dispute and risk prevention mechanism），制订应急处置预案。同时，畅通投诉、评议渠道，接受社会监督（open to public supervision），维护群众健康权益。

去年，不少地区就已经出现“共享护士（nurse sharing）”服务，操作方式与其他共享类服务app相似，也是线上预约（making appointment online），线下服务（offering service offline），提供上门打针输液（injection and IV）、静脉采血（blood draw）、外科伤口换药（wound dressing change）、灌肠（coloclysis）、吸痰导尿（aspiration of sputum and urethral catheterization）、鼻饲（nasal feeding）护理及指导等10多项服务。

不过，业内人士表示，护士上门的行业标准缺乏、风险规避制度尚无，对护士以及病人而言，都没有保障。行业准入标准和法律监管亟待跟进，保障新医疗模式健康发展。

国家卫健委开展“互联网+护理服务”试点工作，将在总结试点经验的基础上，加快完善相关政策。

珠峰大本营 Mount Qomolangma base camp

西藏自治区有关部门表示，西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区将继续有条件开放，依法合规的登山活动仍可进行，网传“珠峰景区永久关闭”消息不实。

Kelsang, deputy director with the reserve's administration, said ordinary tourists are allowed to visit areas around Rongpo Monastery, 5,150 meters above sea level.
珠峰管理局副局长格桑称，普通游客可以在海拔5150米的绒布寺周边游览。

As for travelers who have a climbing permit, they can go to the base camp at an altitude of 5,200 meters.
有登山许可证的游客可以前往海拔5200米的珠峰大本营。

珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区（Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve）于1988年设立，涉及西藏日喀则市定日、聂拉木、吉隆和定结四县，总面积3.38万平方公里，位于中国境内及中尼边界上的五座海拔8000米以上山峰均在区内。

根据《中华人民共和国自然保护区条例》，自然保护区分为核心区（core zone）、缓冲区（buffer zone）和实验区（experimental zone）。《条例》中表述：核心区“禁止任何单位和个人进入；除依照本条例第二十七条的规定经批准外，也不允许进入从事科学研究活动”。

2018年，珠峰保护区功能分区重新调整并获国务院批准。调整后，属实验区的绒布寺一带依据《条例》可以进入从事科学试验（scientific experiments）、教学实习（teaching and practicing）、参观考察（visit and inspection）、旅游（travel）等活动。绒布寺以上区域为珠峰保护区核心区。

2018年12月，定日县珠峰管理局发布通告，禁止任何单位和个人进入珠峰国家级自然保护区绒布寺以上核心区旅游。

多年来，大批登山者前来挑战极限，以至于山上遗留了大量人体排泄物（human feces）及睡袋（sleeping bags）、氧气瓶（oxygen tanks）等各种非生物降解的登山设备（non-biodegradable climbing equipment）。

珠峰的传统登山路线主要分为南坡和北坡，分别由尼泊尔和中国管理，近年来，两国都加强了对珠峰登山的管理。

The total number of climbers attempting to reach the summit from the north side will be capped at 300 this year, a third fewer than normal, as China begins a large-scale clean-up of the world’s highest peak.
中国将展开大规模珠峰环保清理工作。今年，将把参与北坡登山活动的总人数控制在300人左右，比常年人数减少三分之一。

China has set up stations to sort, recycle and break down the rubbish; on the Nepalese side, organizers have started sending large waste bags with climbers during the spring climbing season to collect trash that can be winched back to base camp by helicopters.
中国设立了垃圾分类、回收以及降解的站点，尼泊尔方面则在春季登山季期间向登山人员派发大型垃圾袋，用以收集垃圾，之后由直升机运回大本营。

中国今年还将首次对海拔8000米以上的登山者尸体（the remains of mountaineering victims）进行集中处理。西藏体育局还要求登山者，在下山的时候都必须携带8公斤的垃圾下来。

尼泊尔从2014年开始，向登山队收取4000美元的垃圾保证金（garbage deposit of $4,000），若队内有成员下山时未带回8公斤的垃圾和人类排泄物（bring back 8 kg of trash and human waste），这笔保证金将被没收（the deposit will be forfeited）。

紫禁城上元之夜 Lantern Festival night in the Forbidden City

The Palace Museum announced on its official website on Sunday that the "Lantern Festival night in the Forbidden City" will be held for two consecutive nights on February 19 and 20.
17日，故宫博物院官网发公告，2月19日（正月十五）、20日（正月十六）将连续两晚举办“紫禁城上元之夜”活动。

The event is the first of its kind in the Palace Museum's 94-year history. The main locations open to the public will be the Meridian Gate exhibition hall, the Gate of Supreme Harmony, the East Wall, the Gate of Divine Might and other areas of the Palace Museum.
这是故宫博物院建院94年来首次举办“灯会”。开放地点主要在午门展厅、太和门广场、故宫东城墙、神武门等区域。

故宫介绍，此次活动不收费（free of charge），将邀请劳动模范（model workers）、北京榜样、快递小哥（deliverymen）、环卫工人（sanitation workers）、解放军和武警官兵（PLA and armed force soldiers）、消防队员（fire fighters）、公安干警（police officers）等各界代表以及观众朋友（预约成功者）数千人，前往观灯赏景，共贺良宵。

职业教育改革 vocational education reform

近日，国务院印发《国家职业教育改革实施方案》。

China has vowed to cultivate more quality laborers and skilled workers by reforming its vocational education systems, according to the plan.
《方案》提出，我国要改革职业教育制度，着力培养高素质劳动者和技术技能人才。

Vocational education and training systems will be reformed to match with science and technology development trends and market demands and to promote economic modernization and higher quality employment, the official documents note.
《方案》提出，服务建设现代化经济体系和实现更高质量更充分就业需要，对接科技发展趋势和市场需求，完善职业教育和培训体系。

《方案》提出，从2019年开始，在职业院校、应用型本科高校启动“学历证书+若干职业技能等级证书（diploma plus certificates of vocational skills）”制度试点工作。

到2022年，职业院校教学条件基本达标，一大批普通本科高等学校向应用型转变，建设50所高水平高等职业学校（50 high quality higher vocational schools）和150个骨干专业（群）（150 core specialties）。

《方案》提出了进一步办好新时代职业教育的具体措施。

一是完善国家职业教育制度体系（improve national systems and policies relating to vocational education）。

二是构建职业教育国家标准（establish national standards for vocational education）。

三是促进产教融合（promote integration of enterprises with vocational schools and universities）。

四是建设多元办学格局（diversified operation of vocational schools）。

中央一号文件 No. 1 central document

2月19日，新华社受权发布《中共中央 国务院关于坚持农业农村优先发展做好“三农”工作的若干意见》。

这份2019年的中央一号文件开宗明义指出，

今明两年是全面建成小康社会的决胜期，“三农”领域有不少必须完成的硬任务。
This year and the next will mark a decisive period for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and quite a few tough tasks must be fulfilled in the fields relating to agriculture, rural areas and rural people.

必须坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重不动摇。
Unswerving efforts must be made to ensure that addressing the issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and rural people enjoy a central place on the work agenda of the CPC.

中央一号文件（No. 1 central document）指中共中央每年发布的第一份文件（the first policy statement released by central authorities each year）。中共中央在2004年至2019年连续十六年发布以“三农”（农业、农村、农民）为主题的中央一号文件，强调了“三农”问题（issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers）在中国社会主义现代化时期“重中之重”的地位。

2019年中央一号文件要点如下：

巩固发展农业农村好形势，发挥“三农”压舱石作用，为有效应对各种风险挑战赢得主动。
The country should consolidate the sound momentum for agricultural and rural development, capitalize on the role of agriculture, rural areas and rural people as the ballast stone, and win the upper hand in effectively handling risks and challenges.

深化农业供给侧结构性改革，坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战，充分发挥农村基层党组织战斗堡垒作用，全面推进乡村振兴，确保顺利完成到2020年承诺的农村改革发展目标任务。
Work must be done to deepen agricultural supply-side structural reform, win the tough battle against poverty, give full play to the key role of rural primary-level Party organizations, and push forward rural vitalization in all respects, according to the document.In doing so, the country will ensure the fulfillment of goals and tasks for rural reform and development by 2020, it added.

咬定既定脱贫目标，落实已有政策部署，到2020年确保现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫、贫困县全部摘帽、解决区域性整体贫困。
Existent policies will be fully implemented to ensure the country's poverty elimination targets being realized - to lift all its rural residents living below current poverty line out of poverty and eliminate poverty in all poor counties and regions by 2020.

特色产业扶贫、易地扶贫搬迁、生态扶贫、金融扶贫、社会帮扶、干部人才等政策措施向深度贫困地区倾斜。
Focus will be put on providing assistance to areas of extreme poverty, via favorable policies ranging from major projects, poor resident relocation, finance and nurturing of talent.

着力解决突出问题。持续开展扶贫领域腐败和作风问题专项治理。
The country vowed to solve prominent problems involving poverty reduction, and pledged consistent efforts to crack down on corruption and misconduct, according to the document.

保障重要农产品有效供给。确保粮食播种面积稳定在16.5亿亩，严守18亿亩耕地红线，到2020年确保建成8亿亩高标准农田。
The document noted that the country will strive to ensure effective supply of major agricultural products. Efforts will be made to ensure that grain planting area remains steady at 1.65 billion mu (110 million hectares) and arable land area is kept above 1.8 billion mu, as well as develop 800 million mu of high-standard farmland by 2020.

调整优化农业结构。大力发展紧缺和绿色优质农产品生产，实施大豆振兴计划，实施奶业振兴行动。
It said the country will move to optimize agricultural structure, boost production of green agricultural products or those in short supply, and roll out plans to increase soybean planting and support dairy industry.

实施农业关键核心技术攻关行动，推动生物种业、重型农机、智慧农业、绿色投入品等领域自主创新。
The country vowed to step up breakthrough in key agricultural core technologies, and promote independent innovation in areas including biological breeding, heavy agricultural machinery, smart agriculture and green agricultural inputs.

加强“一带一路”农业国际合作，主动扩大国内紧缺农产品进口，拓展多元化进口渠道，培育一批跨国农业企业集团。
The document also noted the country will enhance agricultural cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road, actively expand imports of agricultural products in short supply at home, diversify importing channels, and foster the development of multinational agricultural corporations.

扎实推进乡村建设，加快补齐农村人居环境和公共服务短板，全面提升农村教育、医疗卫生、社会保障、养老、文化体育等公共服务水平。
Progress should be made to promote rural development as well as improve rural living environments and public services such as education, health care, social security, elderly care and culture.

实施村庄基础设施建设工程。加强村内道路建设。加快完成新一轮农村电网改造。完善县乡村物流基础设施网络。加强农村污染治理和生态环境保护。
The country will take measures to improve rural infrastructure including roads, grids and logistics network, as well as enhance pollution treatment and environmental protection.

发展壮大乡村产业，拓宽农民增收渠道。
According to the document, the country will foster the development of rural industries and diversify channels to increase the income of farmers.

加快发展乡村特色产业。大力发展现代农产品加工业。发展乡村新型服务业。实施数字乡村战略。
It stressed developing industries with local characteristics, modern agricultural product processing and new rural services. The country will also push forward a digital countryside strategy.

加强就业服务和职业技能培训，促进农村劳动力多渠道转移就业和增收。
The country should improve employment services and vocational training to promote the employment of the rural labor force and increase their incomes, the document said.

鼓励外出农民工、高校毕业生、退伍军人、城市各类人才返乡下乡创新创业，支持建立多种形式的创业支撑服务平台，完善乡村创新创业支持服务体系。
China will encourage rural migrant workers, college graduates, veterans and urban personnel to make innovations and start businesses in rural areas, and support the building of service platforms to encourage business startups.

加快构建新型农业补贴政策体系。按照适应世贸组织规则、保护农民利益、支持农业发展的原则，抓紧研究制定完善农业支持保护政策的意见。
Efforts will be stepped up to build a new policy system for agricultural subsidies, according to the document, which said the country would formulate and improve agriculture support and protection policies following principles that comply with World Trade Organization rules, protect farmers' interests and support agricultural development.

完善乡村治理机制，保持农村社会和谐稳定。抓实建强农村基层党组织，加强党对“三农”工作的领导。
The document also covered policies to improve the rural governance mechanism to maintain rural harmony and stability, strengthen rural primary-level Party organizations, and enhance Party leadership on agricultural and rural affairs.