2019年4月新闻热词汇总

阿桑奇被逮捕 Julian Assange arrested

Wikileaks co-founder Julian Assange has been arrested at the Ecuadorian embassy in London.
“维基解密”联合创始人阿桑奇在伦敦的厄瓜多尔大使馆被逮捕。

After 2,487 days in the embassy, the 47-year-old was arrested after Ecuador revoked his political asylum and invited Metropolitan police officers inside their Knightsbridge premises, where he has stayed since 2012 to avoid extradition to Sweden over sexual assault allegations which Assange has always denied.
现年47岁的阿桑奇自2012年就一直住在伦敦骑士桥区的厄瓜多尔大使馆，以避免因性侵指控被引渡至瑞典，阿桑奇本人一直否认这一罪名。在逗留了2487天之后，厄瓜多尔撤销了对阿桑奇的政治庇护，并请英国警方进入使馆。

【单词讲解】

Revoke，读作[r??v??k]，表示“撤销、取消、废除”等意思，比如： revoke a student's undergraduate bachelor's degree（取消某人的学士学位）、revoke one's driver's license（撤销某人的驾照）等。由此衍生的两个形容词revocable和irrevocable则分别表示“可撤销的”和“不可撤销的”。

这里的sexual assault allegations可以理解为有女性指控阿桑奇对其有侵犯行为，但是否有证据支持，无法确定。如果已经有足够的证据支持，正式提起诉讼的话，我们就要用a charge of sexual assault against Assange。

At Westminster Magistrates' Court on Thursday he was found guilty of breaching earlier bail conditions.
当日，威斯敏斯特地方法院判定阿桑奇违反此前的保释规定。

He faces up to 12 months in jail when sentenced, and will face a separate extradition hearing via videolink on May 2.
这一罪名判决后，他将面临最高12个月的监禁，5月2日他还将通过视频接受引渡听证。

The US accuses Assange of “conspiracy to commit computer intrusion”, alleging that he assisted former US intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning in cracking a password to help her infiltrate Pentagon computers and download material to share with WikiLeaks. If convicted, Assange faces a maximum sentence of five years .
美国指控阿桑奇“合谋入侵电脑”，称其协助美国陆军前情报分析员切尔西?曼宁破解密码，帮她进入五角大楼的电脑并下载资料分享给维基解密。如果罪名成立，阿桑奇将面临最高5年的刑期。

【单词讲解】

Accuse someone of something/doing something以及charge someone with something/doing something多数情况下可以替换使用，都表示“指控某人做了某事”或者“以某种罪名指控某人”。如果这种指控得到检方的认可，被指控的人就会被逮捕，并进入诉讼程序了。

对于撤销阿桑奇的政治避难身份，厄瓜多尔总统莫雷诺表示：

In a sovereign decision Ecuador withdrew the asylum status to Julian Assange after his repeated violations to international conventions and daily-life protocols. He accused Assange of interfering in the internal affairs of other countries, and added: "The patience of Ecuador has reached its limit."
在他屡次违反国际惯例及日常规范之后，厄瓜多尔正式决定收回阿桑奇的避难身份。他指责阿桑奇干涉别国内政，并表示“厄瓜多尔的忍耐已经到了极限。”

奔驰漏油风波 oil leak scandal

The market regulator in Xi’an, Northwest China’s Shaanxi province has ordered a Mercedes Benz 4S dealership in the city, mired in an oil leak scandal, to refund the buyer as soon as possible after conducting an investigation of the incident.
陕西西安一家奔驰4S店陷入漏油问题风波， 西安市场监管部门责成4S店对此事调查核实后，尽快退车退款。

【单词讲解】

这里的4S指：sale（销售）、spare part（零配件）、service（售后服务）和survey（信息反馈）。

大多数商品享受到的售后“三包服务”为warranty services of repair, replacement and refund（修理、更换及退货）。

经多次协商，该店的解决方案从退款、换车变成免费换发动机。

4月13日，西安市场监管部门责成“利之星”4S店尽快落实退车退款事宜。当天，监管部门还组织“利之星”4S店负责人与投诉人对话协商，努力促成双方达成解决问题的一致意见。

The Mercedes Benz dealership in Xi'an Saturday said the shop is negotiating with the buyer. The dealership has agreed to refund her in full, but the buyer told local regulators that she was not satisfied with the deal, and insisted on further negotiations.
该4S店13日表示正在与车主沟通，并表示愿意全额退款。但是车主对市场监管部门表示，不接受退款，希望对此事进行深入调查。

稍早前，微博网友“化身方寸山”在微博发布了三段视频，视频中，一名女子坐在利之星奔驰4S店一辆红色奔驰车前引擎盖上，哭诉自己不久前的一段糟心购车经历。

The video shows the woman sitting on top of a Mercedes-Benz and crying that she bought it for 660,000 yuan, making a down payment of 200,000 yuan, and after the leak was discovered her complaint was ignored for 15 days.
视频中，该女子坐在一辆奔驰车引擎盖上，哭诉其花66万元购买此车，首付20多万，竟发现车辆发动机存在漏油问题，然而她的投诉在15天之内还未得到解决。

据悉，车主提出的8项诉求如下：

调查该车车辆历史（an investigation into the history of the car），要求知晓该车到店至销售期间的基本情况；

车辆PDI检查（pre-delivery inspection，新车交付前检查）是否真实，检查人员有无资质，3月22日到3月27日期间又做了哪些检查，车辆的检查有没有检查到问题，检查人员有无资质；

没有任何利益的第三方对车辆进行检测（an independent inspection of the vehicle），如果是质量问题依法赔偿，如果是三包问题，我们也愿意接受。我们合法维权；

调查4s店在销售过程中是否侵犯了知情权，是否有强制消费，收取的金融服务费（financial service fee）是否合理，要求调查是否存在违法；每年有多少消费者被动消费；

规范汽车行业车辆PDI检查，与从业人员素质；

奔驰官方要给一个正式的道歉和情况说明（a formal apology and statement from the Mercedes-Benz company）；

对个人精神方面的损害给予补偿（compensation for her psychological damage）；

对汽车行业销售方面乱象进行整治，维护消费者合法权益（protect legal rights and interests of consumers）。

On Saturday, the Beijing Mercedes-Benz Sales Service Co issued a statement saying it was deeply sorry for the customer's experience. It said it had launched an investigation and dispatched a special team to Xi'an to negotiate with the woman.
13日，北京梅赛德斯-奔驰销售服务公司发布声明，称对客户的不愉快经历深表歉意，表示已展开调查并派专门工作小组前往西安与客户进行沟通。

针对4S店收取金融服务费一事，14日，奔驰公司发布声明，称不向经销商及客户收取任何金融服务手续费。

In another statement on Sunday, the Mercedes-Benz Financial Services said that Mercedes-Benz charges no such financial service fee to dealers or customers, and have repeatedly required its dealers to abide by the law and guarantee customers' rights.
梅赛德斯-奔驰汽车金融服务公司在14日的一则声明中表示，不向经销商及客户收取任何金融服务手续费，并反复要求经销商要诚信守法，确保消费者的合法权益。

西安市场监管局高新分局副局长刘林表示，目前已成立多部门组成的联合调查组，并组织双方进行协商。

The car in question has been sealed for examination by local regulators, media reports said on Saturday.
据媒体13日报道，涉事车辆已被市场监管部门封存待查。

4月16日晚，西安奔驰维权女车主W女士（化名）和西安利之星汽车有限公司达成换车补偿等和解协议。

自然资源资产产权制度 property rights system for natural resource assets

为加快健全自然资源资产产权制度，进一步推动生态文明建设，中办、国办近日印发《关于统筹推进自然资源资产产权制度改革的指导意见》，要求各地区各部门结合实际贯彻落实。

By 2020, a property rights system for natural resource assets featuring confirmed ownership, clarified rights and responsibility, strict protection, smooth transfer and effective supervision should have been basically in place, reads the guideline.
意见指出，到2020年，归属清晰、权责明确、保护严格、流转顺畅、监管有效的自然资源资产产权制度基本建立。

The efficiency of natural resource development and use, as well as resource protection, should have been significantly enhanced by then, providing strong support for improving ecological civilization, and guaranteeing national ecological security and resource security, the guideline says.
自然资源开发利用效率和保护力度明显提升，为完善生态文明制度体系、保障国家生态安全和资源安全提供有力支撑。

意见提出，自然资源资产产权制度（property rights system for natural resource assets）是加强生态保护、促进生态文明建设的重要基础性制度（play a fundamental role in protecting resources and promoting ecological functions）。

意见列出的主要任务包括：

健全自然资源资产产权体系
improve the property rights system for natural resource assets

明确自然资源资产产权主体
clarify the ownership of natural resource assets property rights

开展自然资源统一调查监测评价
establish a unified investigation, monitoring and evaluation system

加快自然资源统一确权登记
accelerate the confirmation and registration of natural resource ownerships

强化自然资源整体保护
compile and implement a plan for the ecological restoration of natural space

促进自然资源资产集约开发利用
promote intensive development of natural resource assets

推动自然生态空间系统修复和合理补偿
improve the system of restoration and compensation for damages to the ecological environment

健全自然资源资产监管体系
strengthen government supervision and administration

完善自然资源资产产权法律体系
improve the legal system for property rights over natural resource assets

此外，意见提出将统筹推进试点机制。其中包括：在国家公园体制试点地区（pilot areas of national park system）等区域，探索开展促进生态保护修复的产权激励机制试点，吸引社会资本参与生态保护修复。通过总结试点经验，最终形成可复制可推广的制度成果。

预售票房 pre-sale box office

The film had taken in over 240 million yuan in tickets pre-sale as of Monday afternoon, smashing several records in the country's film market.
截至4月15日下午，该片预售票房收入已超过2.4亿元，打破了国内电影市场的多个纪录。

According to Maoyan, presale tickets for the midnight screening reached an average of 64.8 yuan, and exceeded 200 yuan in first-tier cities.
根据“猫眼”平台的数据，该片午夜场的预售票价平均为64.8元，一线城市的票价则超过200元。

中国内地影史零点场票房冠军

According to ticketing platform Maoyan, “Avengers: Endgame” has seized the crown for the highest-ever midnight premiere box office earnings in China, raking in 80 million yuan with over a week left to go. The previous record, set by 2017’s “The Fate of the Furious,” was 62.7 million yuan.
根据票务平台“猫眼”的数据，在距离上映还有一周多的时候，《复联4》零点首映场的票房已经达到8000万元，成为国内零点场票房冠军。打破了2017年上映的《速度与激情8》6270万元的零点场票房纪录。

中国影史预售票房最快破亿的新纪录

In just 10 hours, "Avengers: Endgame" became the fastest film to cross the 100-million-yuan mark in pre-sales.
《复联4》的预售票房在10小时内就达到1亿元，成为国内电影预售票房最快破亿的影片。

Fears of unwanted spoilers have fueled presale box office success in China, driving ticket prices for blockbuster films’ midnight screenings in Imax format to 400 yuan and beyond.
担心被剧透的心理也是该片预售票房大卖的一个原因，同时导致该片零点场Imax票价高达400元以上。

该片在美国的预售4月2日就开始了。部分影院的订票网站当天因为流量太大而崩溃，各票务网站的预售纪录也统统被打破。

Movie-ticket service Fandango said that the movie now holds the record for the biggest first week of pre-sale tickets, passing 2015's "Star Wars: The Force Awakens." It also broke the first-day pre-sales record when tickets went on sale on April 2, which was previously held by "The Force Awakens," as well.
电影票务服务商Fandango表示，该片自4月2日在该网站开始预售以来，已经打破了由《星球大战：原力觉醒》保持的首周预售票房纪录和首日预售票房纪录。

Atom Tickets reported that “Avengers: Endgame” sold nearly twice as many tickets in its first week of pre-sales than the next four record holders combined, which includes “Aquaman,” “Star Wars: The Last Jedi,” “Avengers: Infinity War” and “Captain Marvel.”
票务服务商Atom Tickets表示，《复联4》在该网站的首周预售票房收入是排在后面的四部影片的首周预售票房总和的近2倍，排在后面的四部影片分别是，《海王》、《星球大战：最后的绝地武士》、《复仇者联盟3》以及《惊奇队长》。

网络攻击目标 targets for cyber attacks

Cloud-based services and businesses that have captured large amounts of personal data emerged as new targets for cyber attacks in China last year, according to a report released by the country's top internet security risk monitoring authority on Tuesday.
国家互联网应急中心16日发布的报告显示，2018年，云服务以及获取大量个人数据的业务成为网络攻击的新目标。

IP addresses of major cloud computing platforms in China account for 7.7 percent of total websites, but the sector was targeted by 53.7 percent of all online malware threats in 2018, said the report released by the national computer network emergency response center.
报告指出，国内主流云平台使用的IP地址数量仅占我国境内全部IP地址数量的7.7%，国内主流云平台上承载的恶意程序种类数量占境内互联网上承载的恶意程序种类数量的53.7%。

Also, more than half of websites that were threatened by denial-of-service attacks, backdoor programs or tampering with data and content provide cloud-based services, the report said.
在各类型网络安全事件数量中，云平台上的DDoS攻击次数、被植入后门的网站数量、被篡改网站数量均占比超过50%。

【单词讲解】

云计算（cloud computing）是一种按需使用的计算机系统资源使用模式（on demand availability of computer system resources），用户只需有一台电脑和网络，就可以进入计算资源共享池（资源包括网络，服务器，存储，应用软件等），发送需求指令给提供云计算的服务商，服务商通过大量服务器计算后，将结果返回给用户。

我们常用的搜索引擎（search engine）就是云计算的一个例证。近两年大家都开始使用的云存储（cloud storage）也是云计算的服务类型之一，用户无需拥有容量超大的计算机硬盘，只需申请一个云存储平台的账号，就可以把文件存储在服务商提供的云端存储平台。

报告分析，从云平台上发出的攻击增多，是因为云服务使用存在便捷性（accessibility）、可靠性（reliability）、低成本（low cost）、高带宽（high bandwidth）和高性能（high performance）等特性，且云网络流量的复杂性有利于攻击者隐藏真实身份（conceal their identities），攻击者更多的利用云平台设备作为跳板机或控制端发起网络攻击。

报告还对2019年网络安全趋势进行预测并指出，5G、IPv6（internet protocol version 6）等新技术广泛应用带来的安全问题值得关注。其中，重要数据泄露（leak of important data）、物联网设备安全问题（security of IoT devices）目前尚未得到有效解决，物联网设备被大规模利用发起网络攻击的问题也将更加突出。

另外，随着区块链应用的范围和深度逐渐扩大，数字货币被盗（digital currency theft）、智能合约（smart contracts）、钱包和挖矿软件漏洞（mining software loopholes）等安全问题将会更加凸显。