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2019年5月新闻热词汇总

中国日报网 2019-06-01 10:05

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步行友好性 walkability

In its assessments, Zhongguancun Street in Beijing's Haidian district was the most walker-friendly of the 71 urban centers in the 50 major cities evaluated.
这项评价涵盖了全国50个主要城市的71个城市中心,其中,北京市海淀区的中关村街道对行人最友好。

【单词讲解】

后缀形式-friendly表示“对...友好的、适合...的”,近几年使用率颇高,比如,user-friendly(用户友好的)、environment-friendly(对环境友好的;环保的)、children-friendly(对儿童友好的;适合儿童的)等。


报告指出,步行友好性(walkability)是宜居城市的重要指标之一(an important indicator of its livability)。步行友好的街道(a walking friendly street)不仅应有平整的铺装(smoothly surfaced)和遮阴的行道树(shade trees),让市民行走时感到安全舒适,在街道两侧还应有商店、餐馆等便民服务设施(accessible amenities)。

此次报告选取了包括直辖市、省会和地级市在内的50个城市,涉及城市中居住、就业和休闲功能分布最密集的核心区,称之为“城市活力中心”(city center/downtown)。通过对城市活力中心内街道环境的9项指标打分,得出街道环境指数。这9项指标包括步道无长期占道(footpaths free of long-time occupation)、过街设施(pedestrian crossings)、步道宽度适宜(footpaths of reasonable width)、机非隔离设施(buffers between the street and the sidewalk)、专用自行车道(bike lanes)、街道家具(street furniture)等。

在9项指标中,步道无长期占道、过街设施和步道宽度适宜是3项专家打分权重最高的指标(the most weighted three indicators),主要考察街道基本环境要素。单从这3项指标看,上海九江路和北京国贸CBD得分最高。此外,中关村在专用自行车道的得分上遥遥领先于其他城市活力中心(Zhongguancun Street scored the highest for its bike lane, way ahead of other city centers)。

与最好走街道屈指可数的情况相反,在71个城市活力中心的1.2万条道路中,最难走的道路(the most walker-unfriendly streets)有1329条,占所有测算范围内道路长度的8.1%。


王源抽烟 Wang Yuan smoking

The footage and accompanying screenshots shared to microblogging platform Weibo on Tuesday morning, which show the singer also known as Roy Wang smoking a cigarette, quickly inspired a hashtag translating to “Wang Yuan smoking,” which had over 1 billion views by that evening.
王源吸烟的视频和截图21日上午在微博发布后,迅速引发了#王源抽烟#热门话题标签,当晚,该话题阅读量已经超过10亿。

【单词讲解】

Hashtag原本指“井号(#)”,在社交媒体平台多用来标注某个话题,也称为“话题标签”。微博上常见的一些跟话题相关的功能有:热搜榜(most searched hashtags)、热门话题榜(most popular hashtags)等。

如果要表达“某个话题在微博上疯传”就可以用很经典的句式the hashtag went viral on Weibo来表示。


21日下午2点44分,王源在微博上就此事公开道歉。

Wang issued an apology on his Weibo account, saying he had set a “bad example” and would accept any punishment handed down to him for the incident.
王源在微博上公开道歉,称自己做了一个错误的示范,会承担相应的责任并接受处罚。

He apologized for the potential negative influence from his misbehavior, promising better behavior in the future.
他表示,对自己造成的不良社会影响,感到十分抱歉和愧疚,今后一定会更加注重自身的言行。

The Beijing Center of Health Supervision warned punishment would follow if they can confirm these violations, adding the matter has been under investigation in a post released on its official Sina Weibo account.
北京市卫生监督中心在官方微博上表示,正在对此事进行核实调查,如果情况属实,将依法进行处罚。

随后朝阳区卫监所对位于工人体育馆附近的“桐寿司”进行执法检查。

执法人员现场检查发现,餐厅没有禁止吸烟的标识(they can't find any "no smoking" sign at the restaurant),也没有相应的禁止吸烟管理制度,违反了相关要求。朝阳区卫监所责令该餐厅限期改正(order correction within a specified time limit),整改期间如果仍有问题,将依法进行处理。

2015年6月1日起施行的《北京市控制吸烟条例》规定的禁烟范围:

公共场所、工作场所的室内区域以及公共交通工具(indoor public places, workplaces and public transport facilities);

幼儿园、中小学校、少年宫、儿童福利机构等以未成年人为主要活动人群的场所(places where minors frequently visit);

对社会开放的文物保护单位(cultural relic protection units open to the public);

体育场、健身场的比赛区和坐席区(competition area and audience area of stadiums and gymnasiums);

妇幼保健机构、儿童医院的室外区域(outdoor areas at maternal and child care institutes and children's hospitals)。

条例规定,个人违反本条例规定,在禁止吸烟场所或者排队等候队伍中吸烟的,由市或者区、县卫生计生行政部门责令改正,可以处50元罚款;拒不改正的,处200元罚款(individuals who smoke at smoke-free areas will be fined 50 yuan, and the fine rises to 200 yuan if the violators refuse to correct their behavior)。

禁烟场所经营者发现客人吸烟而不劝阻的,由市或者区、县卫生计生行政部门处5000元以上1万元以下罚款。


候补购票服务 waitlist function

Starting from May 22, the waitlist function previously trialed on some rail routes will be available to all passenger trains in China.
5月22日起,此前在部分铁路线路上试用的候补购票功能将对所有旅客列车开放。

候补购票服务(waitlist function)是指在通过12306网站和APP购票时,如遇所需车次、席别无票(when the desired ticket is sold out),可自愿按日期、车次、席别、预付款提交购票需求(submit a ticket order and pay in advance),售票系统自动排队候补(the system will put the order in a waiting list),当对应的车次、席别有退票时,系统自动兑现车票(should there be ticket cancellation that matches your order, the system will automatically confirm it),并将购票结果通知购票人。

据悉,为了保证候补需求的真实性,在申请该项服务前,用户需进行人证一致性核验。

每位用户可提交1个候补订单(each user can only submit one order in the waiting list),每笔候补订单中乘车人不超过3人。1个订单中可添加发到站相同(可以是同城的不同车站)的2个相邻的乘车日期,每个乘车日期可添加2个不同“车次+席别”的组合需求。

值得注意的是,候补购票预付款按该单不同组合需求中票款的最高额度计算(卧铺按下铺票价计算)。

Users will have to prepay the maximum price for the waitlisted tickets, and once their tickets are confirmed, the price difference will be refunded if there is any. If they failed to get tickets, the system will give them a full refund.
用户候补购票预付款按该单不同组合需求中票款的最高额度计算,购票成功后,如有差价,系统会退还,如果购票失败,系统会全额退款。

用户主动终止或系统自动终止候补的,系统自动原额退还预付款。


人均预期寿命 average life expectancy

The average life expectancy of Chinese people rose 42 years, from 35 years in 1949 to 77 years in 2018, according to a statistics communique recently released by the National Health Commission.
国家卫健委发布的统计公报显示,我国居民人均预期寿命由1949年的35岁增长到2018年的77岁,增加了42岁。


【名词解释】

人均预期寿命(average life expectancy)是指在一定死亡水平下,预期每个人出生时平均可存活的年数(the average time a person is expected to live based on the year of his/her birth)。人均预期寿命是度量人口健康状况最重要的指标(an important marker of the overall health of a society),也是衡量一个国家或地区经济社会发展水平及医疗卫生服务水平的综合指标(a composite indicator of national or regional social economic development and health care service quality)。

国际上衡量一个国家居民健康水平的指标主要是人均预期寿命(average life expectancy)、婴儿死亡率(infant mortality rate)和孕产妇死亡率(maternal mortality rate)。

From 2017 to 2018, the infant mortality rate has dropped from 6.8 to 6.1 deaths per 1,000 live births, while the maternal mortality rate decreased from 19.6 to 18.3 per 100,000 births, said the government statistics.
统计显示,2017年至2018年,婴儿死亡率从6.8‰下降到6.1‰,孕产妇死亡率从19.6/10万下降到18.3/10万。

统计还显示,2018年乡镇卫生院和社区卫生服务中心(站)门诊量(outpatient treatments at primary-level clinics)达19.2亿人次,比上年增加0.4亿人次。基本医疗保险覆盖范围进一步扩大,城乡居民基本医保补贴(per capita basic medical insurance subsidy for urban and rural residents)有所增加。


国际疾病分类 International Classification of Diseases(ICD)

The World Health Organization (WHO) has for the first time included a chapter about traditional medicines that originated from ancient China in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). The revision will come into effect on January 1, 2022.
世界卫生组织在《国际疾病分类第十一次修订本(ICD-11)》中首次纳入起源于古代中国的传统医学章节,该修订本将于2022年1月1日起实施。

国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases,ICD)是世界卫生组织制定颁布的、国际统一的疾病分类标准(the international standard for reporting diseases and health conditions),是各国政府在医疗、管理、教学和科研及制定政策中关于疾病分类的规范性标准,是全球卫生健康领域具有权威性的基础和通用标准之一。

世界卫生组织《总干事报告》指出,ICD-11 包括一个题为“传统医学病证——模块 1(Traditional medicine conditions – Module 1)”的备用补充章节,将起源于古代中国且当前在中国、日本、韩国和其它国家普遍使用的传统医学病证进行了分类(classifies traditional medicine conditions that originated in ancient China and are now commonly used in China, Japan, Republic of Korea and other countries)。将有关传统医学的补充章节纳入《国际疾病分类》将使我们第一次能够计数传统医学服务和就医情况,测量其形式、频率、有效性、安全性、质量、结果及费用(the measurement of their form, frequency, effectiveness, safety, quality, outcomes, cost),与主流医学进行对比(comparison with mainstream medicine),且因为在国家和国际层面都使用了标准化术语和定义而可以开展研究。

传统医学150条疾病(diseases)和196条证候(disorders)条目纳入传统医学章节,像“阴虚(yin deficiency)”“阳虚(yang deficiency)”等描述中医证候的词汇均在列。

中医界人士表示,中医专家对相关国际法规体系及制定过程并不熟悉,而外国专家对中医药也不很熟悉,因此,充分沟通增进了解十分关键。

"The release of ICD-11 can help China establish a disease statistics network with the country's TCM health service information according to international standards," said Zhang Boli, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, also president of the Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
中国工程院院士、天津中医药大学校长张伯礼说:“《国际疾病分类第十一次修订本(ICD-11)》的正式发布有助于我国建立与国际标准相衔接并体现我国中医药卫生服务信息的疾病统计网络。”

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