2020年1月新闻热词汇总

春运 Spring Festival travel rush

1月10日，2020年春运（the Spring Festival travel rush）正式开启。今年春运，预计全国旅客发送量将达到约30亿人次。

From Jan 10 to Feb 18, the total number of trips is likely to hit 3 billion, slightly up from the travel rush last year, with an 8-percent growth in train trips, 8.4-percent increase in air trips and 9.6-percent hike in waterway trips, according to a forecast from the National Development and Reform Commission.
国家发改委表示，今年春运从1月10日持续至2月18日，预计全国旅客发送量将达到约30亿人次，铁路旅客同比增长8%，民航增长8.4%，水路旅客增长9.6%。

Due to the continued expansion in high-speed railway operational length, the number of road trips is expected to decline to 2.43 billion.
由于高铁运营里程不断增加，今年的陆路旅客量预计将下降至24.3亿人次。

今年的春运，我们迎来了电子客票、反向春运优惠等一系列新变化，一起来看一看吧！

高铁实行电子客票

电子客票的运用是今年春运的一大亮点，更多旅客将不再需要换取纸质车票，直接通过刷手机或身份证进站乘车。

All high-speed railway stations will allow passengers to use electronic tickets. According to China State Railway Co, as of Thursday, passengers can check in without paper tickets at 1,020 railway stations across the country.
所有高铁车站均允许旅客使用电子客票。国铁集团表示，截至1月10日，全国共有1020个火车站实现电子客票检票进站。

反向春运有优惠

近几年，“反向春运（reverse Spring Festival travel）”的热度持续提升，更多的年轻人将老家的父母接来自己工作的城市过年。

Rail authorities are offering discount tickets to encourage more passengers to travel against the flow during the travel rush, easing transportation pressure.
铁路部门提供折扣票价，鼓励旅客在春节期间“反向”出行，缓解交通压力。

北京大兴国际机场迎首个春运

2019年9月正式投运的大兴国际机场也即将迎来首个春运的考验。

The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) said on Thursday that the airport, which started operation in late September last year, will see 1.9 million travelers during the 40-day festival rush, and the daily number of flights could hit 312, up 15 percent from normal.
民航总局1月10日表示，去年9月正式投运的大兴国际机场在为期40天的春运期间将迎来旅客190万人次，每日航班数将达到312个，比平日增加15%。

省界收费站全部取消

从2020年1月1日零时起，全国29个联网省份的487个省界收费站（toll stations at provincial boundaries of national expressways）全部取消。

Use of electronic toll-collection devices will improve traffic efficiency at toll gates.
电子收费设备的使用将提升收费站的通行效率。

儿童乘车优惠可看年龄

2020年1月1日起施行的《关于深化道路运输价格改革的意见》中明确，符合条件的儿童乘坐客运班车享受免费乘车或者客票半价优待。在儿童身高标准基础上，增加以年龄为依据的儿童票、免票划分标准。

具体条件为：每一成人旅客可携带1名6周岁(含6周岁)以下或者身高1.2米(含1.2米)以下、且不单独占用座位的儿童免费乘车（children who are under 6 years old and don't need separate seats can take public transport for free），需单独占用座位或者超过1名时超过的人数执行客票半价优待，并提供座位；6～14周岁或者身高为1.2～1.5米的儿童乘车执行客票半价优待（eligible for half-price policy），并提供座位。

国家最高科学技术奖 the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award

President Xi Jinping presented the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, China’s top scientific honor, to nuclear submarine designer Huang Xuhua and atmospheric physicist Zeng Qingcun at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Friday.
1月10日，国家主席习近平在人民大会堂向核潜艇设计师黄旭华和大气物理学家曾庆存颁发国家最高科学技术奖。

【重要讲话】
我国广大科技工作者要把握大势、抢占先机，直面问题、迎难而上，瞄准世界科技前沿，引领科技发展方向，肩负起历史赋予的重任，勇做新时代科技创新的排头兵，努力建设世界科技强国。
Science and technology personnel should grasp the main trends, seize opportunities, face problems squarely, and rise to challenges. They should aim for the frontiers of science and technology, lead the direction of its development, shoulder the heavy responsibilities bestowed by history, and be vanguards in innovation in the new era, in order to build China into a powerhouse of science and technology.
——2018年5月28日，习近平出席中国科学院第十九次院士大会、中国工程院第十四次院士大会并发表重要讲话

家用电器安全使用年限 standard life spans for home appliances

China unveiled its first set of standard life spans for home appliances on Friday to fend off safety risks and promote energy consciousness.
1月10日，我国发布了首套家用电器安全使用年限，以消除安全隐患，提高人们的节能意识。

《家用电器安全使用年限》系列标准从安全使用年限要求（standard life span）、正常使用条件（standard operating conditions）和消费提醒信息（alert notification）三方面进行规范。

家用电冰箱（refrigerators）&葡萄酒柜（wine cabinets）、房间空调器（air conditioners）的安全使用年限为10年，家用洗衣机（washing machines）&干衣机（dryers）、吸油烟机（range hoods）、家用燃气灶（gas cookers）的安全使用年限为8年。

The standard life span of air conditioners starts from date of production, and that of other home appliances from date of sale.
空调安全使用年限从生产日期计起，其余从销售日期计起。

为什么要设定安全使用年限？

家电“超期服役”时，不仅能耗显著提升，而且存在较大安全隐患。

The use of electrical home appliances past life expectancy will increase energy consumption and safety risks.
使用超过安全使用年限的家电会增加能耗以及安全风险。

An expected 160 million units of electrical home appliances will expire in 2020.
据估算，仅2020年就将有1.6亿台家电到期。

国家发展改革委产业司巡视员王东说，

The move will help raise consumers' awareness for safety and energy conservation, and put more new models on the market as well.
此举不但能帮助提升消费者的安全意识和节能意识，同时还有利于家电新产品进入市场。

汇率操纵国 currency manipulator

1月13日，美国财政部公布半年度汇率政策报告，取消对中国“汇率操纵国”的认定。

In its semiannual Report on Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States, the Treasury Department said no major US trading partner at this time met the relevant legislative criteria for currency manipulation.
美国财政部发布的《主要贸易伙伴的宏观经济和外汇政策》半年报告指出，目前，美国主要的贸易伙伴中，无一符合汇率操纵国法定标准。

【知识点】

根据美国对“汇率操纵国（currency manipulator）”最新的认定标准，当一国在过去四个季度满足以下三个标准时会被认定为“汇率操纵国”：1.对美国贸易顺差超过200亿美元（a bilateral trade surplus of $20 billion or more with the US）；2.经常账户顺差占GDP比重超过2%（a current account surplus of 2 percent or more of its gross domestic product）；3.单边汇率干预持续时长超过6个月（one-sided intervention in foreign exchange markets for more than 6 months）。

如果一个经济体满足三个标准，则被认定为“汇率操纵国”；如果只满足两个标准，会被列入观察名单（monitoring list）；如果只满足第一个标准，但该经济体对美国的总体贸易逆差贡献较大，也可能被列入观察名单。

美国财政部去年8月宣布将中国列为“汇率操纵国”，遭到中方、经济学界和权威国际机构的普遍反对。

Mark Sobel, US chairman of the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum, an independent think tank, said on Twitter that this is "good news," calling the designation "blatant" and "errant" political act. "China shouldn't have been designated to start with," said Sobel, who was served as deputy assistant secretary at the US Treasury Department. He noted China's current account surplus is small as a share of GDP, and there is "scant intervention."
前美国财政部官员、官方货币与金融机构论坛主席马克·索贝尔在推特上表示，美国财政部此举是“好消息”，中国从一开始就不应被认定为“汇率操纵国”，中国经常账户顺差占国内生产总值比重较小，几乎不构成干涉，美国政府此前的认定是“错误的政治行为”。

强基计划 plan for strengthening basic academic disciplines

China has moved to step up the cultivation of innovative talent in certain basic academic disciplines such as mathematics and physics by launching a pilot enrollment scheme at more than 30 select universities, including Peking and Tsinghua, according to a guideline unveiled by the Ministry of Education Wednesday.
为了加强数学、物理等基础学科创新人才的培养，教育部1月15日发出通知，将在包括北京大学、清华大学在内的30多所选定高校开展招生试点。

【知识点】

根据教育部《关于在部分高校开展基础学科招生改革试点工作的意见》（也称“强基计划”plan for strengthening basic academic disciplines），这一计划主要选拔有志于服务国家重大战略需求且综合素质优秀或基础学科拔尖的学生（students who are interested in serving the country's major strategic needs and at the same time have excellent comprehensive qualities or excel in basic discipline studies）。由有关高校结合自身办学特色，重点在数学（mathematics）、物理（physics）、化学（chemistry）、生物（biology）及历史（history）、哲学（philosophy）、古文字学（study of ancient characters）等相关专业招生。

教育部将遴选部分高校开展这一试点。起步阶段，遴选部分“一流大学”建设高校开展试点。

招生办法

在招生选拔模式上，将探索建立基于统一高考的多维度考核评价学生的招生模式。

Students will be able to sign up for the plan in April. After they take the national college entrance exam (or gaokao) in early June, the 36 universities will release the list of students qualifying for the plan based on their gaokao scores. The ministry said they should then give those students written and physical tests and interviews before releasing final enrollment lists by July 5.
学生可在4月份报名“强基计划”；6月初高考结束后，参与该计划的36所高校将根据高考成绩确定入围学生名单；之后，高校组织对入围学生进行笔试、口试及体检等考核，并在7月5日前公布录取名单。

培养模式

高校对通过“强基计划”录取的学生单独制定培养方案。

Students admitted through the plan will be put in small, independent classes, with the best teaching resources and learning environment. Top performers will be given preferential treatment in pursuing postgraduate studies, government sponsored overseas study and scholarships, it said.
通过“强基计划”录取的学生进行独立小班教学，配备优质教学资源及学习环境。对学业优秀的学生，高校可在免试推荐研究生、公派留学、奖学金等方面予以优先安排。

Students under the plan are not supposed to transfer to majors in other academic disciplines.
通过“强基计划”录取的学生入校后原则上不得转到相关学科之外的专业就读。

2020年起，不再组织开展高校自主招生（independent enrollment）工作。

中美第一阶段经贸协议 China-US phase-one economic and trade agreement

当地时间1月15日，美国总统特朗普在白宫椭圆形办公室会见中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理、中美全面经济对话中方牵头人刘鹤，双方共同出席中美第一阶段经贸协议签署仪式。

Speaking at the signing ceremony, Liu first conveyed a message of Chinese President Xi Jinping to Trump.
刘鹤首先转达习近平主席致特朗普总统的口信。

The conclusion of the phase-one economic and trade agreement is good for China, for the United States and for the whole world, Xi said in the message read out by the vice premier.
习近平在口信中指出，中美达成第一阶段经贸协议，有利于中美两国，有利于世界。

"It also shows that our two countries have the ability to act on the basis of equality and mutual respect, and work through dialogue and consultation to properly handle and effectively resolve relevant issues," read the message.
这也说明，中美双方完全可以在平等和相互尊重的基础上，通过对话磋商找到有关问题的妥善处理和有效解决办法。

In the next step, the two sides need to implement the agreement in real earnest and optimize its positive impact, so as to make even greater progress in China-U.S. trade and economic cooperation, the Chinese president said.
下一步，双方要把协议落到实处，发挥积极效应，推动中美经贸合作取得更大进展。

To maintain healthy and steady growth of China-U.S. relations serves the interest of both countries and requires joint efforts from both sides, Xi said.
保持中美关系健康稳定发展，符合双方利益，需要双方共同作出努力。

In that spirit, Xi voiced hope that the U.S. side will treat fairly Chinese companies and their regular economic, trade and investment activities, and give support to the collaboration between enterprises, research institutes, and schools and colleges of the two countries, as it will help enhance mutual trust and cooperation between the two sides.
本着这一精神，希望美方公平对待中国企业正常经贸和投资活动，支持两国企业、科研机构、学校开展合作，促进中美互信与合作。

"China is prepared to work with the United States in that direction. And I will stay in close touch with you personally," Xi said. "I believe that under our guidance, China-U.S. relations will deliver more results and bring greater benefits to our peoples in the year ahead."
中方愿与美方相向而行。我愿与你保持密切联系，相信在我们共同引领下，中美关系在新的一年能够给两国人民带来更多利益和实惠。