2020年1月新闻热词汇总

付费测试 paywall trial

1月15日，腾讯微信团队宣布，微信正灰度测试订阅号付费能力，符合条件的运营者可以前往公众平台开通付费功能。

Some official accounts will be able to charge readers for original content, WeChat said. The content creators can price articles from 1 yuan to 208 yuan, and WeChat will not take a cut on the revenues during the trial period.
微信团队表示，部分公众平台可以对原创稿件开通付费功能，运营者可在1-208元之间的价格档位选择合适的定价，测试期间微信方面不会从中分成。

【知识点】

目前，不少国外新闻网站都有收费墙（paywall）阅读系统。

There are both "hard" and "soft" paywalls in use. "Hard" paywalls allow minimal to no access to content without subscription, while "soft" paywalls allow more flexibility in what users can view without subscribing, such as selective free content and/or a limited number of articles per month, or the sampling of several pages of a book or paragraphs of an article. (Source: Wikipedia)
在具体使用中有“硬”收费墙和“软”收费墙两种。“硬”收费墙模式下，非订阅用户只能看到最少量的网页内容，或甚至无法看到网页内容；而“软”收费墙模式对用户可见内容的限制则更加灵活，比如，每月允许用户查看精选的一些免费内容或免费查看一定数量的文章，或者允许读者查看某本书的几页内容或某篇文章的几段内容。

微信此次测试的付费功能也类似于“收费墙”功能。

WeChat bloggers, whose official accounts have been in operation for more than three months and who have published at least three original pieces of content without violations of community rules for three months, are eligible for paywall trial.
注册超过3个月、近3个月内无严重违规记录、已发表至少3篇原创文章的订阅号可以开通付费功能。

运营者可对原创文章的部分或全部内容设置收费（charge for the whole post or part of the post）。用户未付费前，可免费阅读前言和试读部分，留言只可查看。付费后才可以阅读全文，写留言（users can read the whole post and write comment after payment）。

付费文章仅付费用户可查看，其它用户无论从什么途径获得文章，都需要购买后才能阅读。目前，付费功能仅对单篇文章提供阅读付费能力（the paywall feature only applies to individual posts at present）。

Accounts run by media organizations, governments and companies will be excluded from the official trials.
媒体和政府、企业帐号暂不支持测试付费阅读。

同时，付费文章暂时不支持使用赞赏功能（the reward function will be closed for paid content）。

看到这条新闻，网友们反应不一。有人表示，那我以后就不看了，还能少玩会儿手机。也有网友表示，支持知识付费。

千年胞波情谊 millennia-old pauk-phaw friendship

A signed article by President Xi Jinping titled "Writing a New Chapter in Our Millennia-Old Pauk-Phaw Friendship" was published Thursday on three Myanmese newspapers ahead of his state visit to this Southeast Asian country.
1月16日，在对缅甸联邦共和国进行国事访问前夕，国家主席习近平在缅甸三家媒体同时发表题为《续写千年胞波情谊的崭新篇章》的署名文章。

Xi said it gives him great pleasure to pay a state visit to Myanmar at the invitation of Myanmar's President U Win Myint, and he looks forward to renewing pauk-phaw ties with Myanmar and discussing the future cooperation between the two countries during the visit, according to the article.
习近平在文章中指出，很高兴应温敏总统邀请，对缅甸进行国事访问，期待通过这次访问，同缅甸朋友共叙“胞波”情谊，共话合作大计。

【知识点】
在缅语中，“胞波”意为一母同胞的兄弟。两国人民自古相亲相融，“胞波”情谊源远流长。早在公元前4世纪，我们的祖先就打通了贯穿川滇缅印的“金银大道”往来通商。中国盛唐时期，缅甸骠国王子率领舞乐队不远千里访问长安，著名诗人白居易挥毫写下千古绝唱《骠国乐》。缅甸在不同社会制度国家中第一个承认新中国。两国老一辈领导人身体力行，为中缅关系发展倾注了大量心血。
建交70年来，中缅倡导并践行和平共处五项原则，始终相互信任，相互尊重，相互支持，树立了大小国家平等相待、互利共赢、共同发展的典范，给两国人民带来了实实在在的利益。

【重要讲话】
中缅两国有句共同的谚语，“亲戚越走越亲，朋友越走越近”。站在建交70年的历史新起点上，我们愿同缅甸朋友携手努力，推动构建更为紧密的中缅命运共同体，续写千年“胞波”情谊的新乐章。
In China and Myanmar, people have similar sayings to the effect that more exchanges will bring families and friends closer together. In this 70th anniversary year, China-Myanmar relations stand at a new starting point. Let us work hand in hand to build an even closer China-Myanmar community with a shared future and write a new chapter for our millennia-old pauk-phaw friendship.
——2020年1月16日，习近平在缅甸《缅甸之光》、《镜报》、《缅甸环球新光报》同时发表题为《续写千年胞波情谊的崭新篇章》的署名文章

限塑令 plastics ban

《关于进一步加强塑料污染治理的意见》1月19日发布。意见明确，到2020年，率先在部分地区、部分领域禁止、限制部分塑料制品的生产、销售和使用。

The document has set step-by-step timelines to reduce the use of single-use, non-degradable plastics and parcel packaging in the next five years .
意见列出了未来五年内分步骤减少一次性或不可降解塑料制品以及塑料包装的时间安排。

到2022年，一次性塑料制品消费量明显减少（consumption of single-use plastic products will be significantly reduced），替代产品（substitute products）得到推广，塑料废弃物资源化能源化利用比例大幅提升；在塑料污染问题突出领域和电商、快递、外卖等新兴领域，形成一批可复制、可推广的塑料减量和绿色物流模式。

The use of nondegradable plastic bags, for example, is expected to vanish in some major consuming sectors, including shopping malls, supermarkets and restaurant takeout services, first in metropolises by the end of this year and then in all major Chinese cities and all urban areas in coastal regions by the end of 2022.
到2020年底，大型城市的商场、超市、以及餐饮打包外卖服务等，禁止使用不可降解塑料袋；到2022年底，实施范围扩大至全部地级以上城市建成区和沿海地区县城建成区。

Non-degradable single-use plastic straws will be banned by the end of 2020, while non-degradable single-use plastic tableware will be banned from dining-in in cities. By the end of 2022, the ban on plastic tableware will be extended to dining-in in counties.
到2020年底，全国范围餐饮行业禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料吸管；城市餐饮堂食服务，禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料餐具。到2022年底，县城餐饮堂食服务，禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料餐具。

到2025年，塑料制品生产、流通、消费和回收处置等环节的管理制度基本建立（establish a complete plastics management system），多元共治体系基本形成，替代产品开发应用水平进一步提升（make progress in the development of substitute products），重点城市塑料垃圾填埋量大幅降低（significantly reduce the amount of plastic waste going to landfills），塑料污染得到有效控制（bring plastic pollution under effective control）。

By the end of 2025, the use of non-degradable single-use plastic tableware for take-out in cities should be cut by 30 percent, according to the document.
到2025年，城市餐饮外卖领域不可降解一次性塑料餐具消耗强度下降30%。

Moreover, all hotels and guesthouses should stop using single-use plastic wares by 2025, while postal and express service outlets should cease using non-degradable plastic packaging, plastic tape and single-use plastic woven bags.
到2025年底，宾馆、酒店等场所不再主动提供一次性塑料用品；全国范围邮政快递网点禁止使用不可降解的塑料包装袋、塑料胶带、一次性塑料编织袋等。

新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus

近期，湖北省武汉市等多个地区发生新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情。

截至1月21日24时，国家卫健委收到国内13个省（区、市）累计报告新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎确诊病例440例（440 confirmed cases of pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus），报告死亡病例累计9例，新增3例，全部为湖北病例。

报告新增冠状病毒感染的肺炎确诊病例149例，收到日本通报确诊病例1例，泰国通报确诊病例3例，韩国通报确诊病例1例。

目前，追踪到的密切接触者2197人（2197 close contacts），已解除医学观察765人，尚有1394人正在接受医学观察（1394 under medical observation）。

【知识点】

冠状病毒（coronavirus）是一类主要引起呼吸道、肠道疾病（respiratory and intestinal diseases）的病原体。这类病毒颗粒的表面有许多规则排列的突起（a fringe of bulbous surface projections ），整个病毒颗粒就像一顶帝王的皇冠（royal crown），因此得名“冠状病毒”。冠状病毒除人类以外，还可感染猪、牛、猫、犬、貂、骆驼、蝙蝠、老鼠、刺猬等多种哺乳动物以及多种鸟类（mammals and birds）。

【关于新型冠状病毒】

2019-nCoV, as it's been labelled, is understood to be a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously been identified in humans.
这种新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）此前未在人类身上发现过。

Coronaviruses are a broad family of viruses, but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people.
冠状病毒是一个庞大的病毒家族，目前已知会感染人类的有六种（新发现的这种是第七种）。

Scientists believe an animal source is "the most likely primary source" but that some human-to-human transmission has occurred.
科学家认为动物是“最有可能的初始感染源”，不过，也有一些人传人的病例。

Signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.
感染症状包括：呼吸道症状，发烧，咳嗽，呼吸短促，呼吸困难等。

（以上信息来源于世界卫生组织）

疫情发生后，党中央、国务院高度重视。

中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平作出重要指示，湖北武汉市等地近期陆续发生新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情，必须引起高度重视，全力做好防控工作。

The prevention and control work is crucial at the moment due to the large passenger flows during the Spring Festival holiday, Xi said.
目前正值春节期间，人员大范围密集流动，做好疫情防控工作十分紧要。

The Party committees and governments at all levels must put people's safety and health as the top priority and take effective measures to curb the spread of the virus, he said.
各级党委和政府及有关部门要把人民群众生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，采取切实有效措施，坚决遏制疫情蔓延势头。

Xi ordered all-out efforts to treat patients, identify the causes of the virus infection and spread at an earlier date, strengthen monitoring and standardize treatment procedures.
要全力救治患者，尽快查明病毒感染和传播原因，加强病例监测，规范处置流程。

Xi spoke of the need for the timely release of information and the deepening of international cooperation.
要及时发布疫情信息，深化国际合作。

He also stressed the necessity of informing the public of relevant policies to safeguard social stability and ensure people have a peaceful and auspicious Chinese New Year festival.
要加强有关政策措施宣传解读工作，坚决维护社会大局稳定，确保人民群众度过一个安定祥和的新春佳节。

中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理李克强作出批示，

Li instructed related government departments and localities to improve response plans and spare no effort in prevention and control in this regard.
各相关部门和地方要完善应对方案，全力以赴做好防控工作。

He also demanded better communication and coordination with the World Health Organization, related countries, as well as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to join efforts to curb the spread of the virus.
做好与世界卫生组织、有关国家和港澳台地区的沟通协调，密切协作形成合力，坚决防止疫情扩散蔓延。

China has issued a temporary reimbursement policy to make sure patients with pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus will receive timely and thorough treatment.
我国出台临时报销政策以确保新型冠状病毒感染肺炎患者能得到及时、彻底的治疗。

【单词讲解】

Reimbursement指“偿付；报销”，常用的搭配是reimbursement for... expenses，比如： reimbursement for medical expenses（医疗费用报销），reimbursement fo travel expenses（出行费用报销）等。

国家医保局有关负责人表示，确诊新型冠状病毒感染肺炎患者的特殊报销政策具体为：

一是将国家卫生健康委《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案》覆盖的药品和医疗服务项目，全部临时纳入医保基金支付范围（expenses from medicines and medical services needed for treating the pneumonia will be completely covered by medical insurance funds）。

二是保证及时支付患者费用，特别是发挥医疗救助资金的兜底保障作用（make full use of the medical assistance fund to ensure that medical bills of pneumonia patients are paid in time），打消患者就医顾虑。对异地就医患者先救治后结算，报销不再执行异地转外就医支付比例调减规定，减少患者流动带来的传染风险。

三是对集中收治的医院，医保部门将预付资金减轻医院垫付压力（medical insurance departments will pay for expenses incurred in the treatment of the disease in advance to lessen financial pressures on hospitals），患者医疗费用不再纳入医院总额预算控制指标。

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）