2019年9月新闻热词汇总
中国日报网 2019-09-30 10:17
9月,换脸软件引发热议,《体育强国建设纲要》发布,最高法发布作弊刑事案件司法解释,修订后的《中国共产党问责条例》发布,教育部等八部门联合发布意见规范教育app的使用,9月10日起陆续发行中华人民共和国成立70周年纪念币一套,苹果公司在美国总部Apple Park的乔布斯剧院举行新品发布会,2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会吉祥物发布,“蚂蚁森林”获得联合国最高环保荣誉“2019地球卫士奖”,庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年阅兵活动相关安排公布,中华人民共和国国家勋章和国家荣誉称号颁授仪式于9月29日上午10时在人民大会堂隆重举行。
换脸软件 face-swapping app
一款名为ZAO的换脸软件在社交媒体刷屏。用户上传自己的照片,就能将影视作品中明星的脸换成自己的脸,过一把“明星瘾”。
On the app, users can choose from a pool of video footage and replace a star's face with their own by uploading their own high-definition photos featuring a full-frontal shot of their faces.
在该应用中,用户可以从大量视频片段中选择一个,上传自己的高清正面照来替换视频中明星的脸。
The mobile application that enables users to appear as celebrities in hit movies or TV series has been widely accused of excessively collecting personal information, stirring public concerns over privacy and the rights to one's image.
这款影视剧明星换脸软件因过度收集个人信息而受到广泛指责,同时也引发公众对于隐私及个人肖像权的担忧。
有网友发现,这款app的用户协议中有一些相当霸道的条款:
The agreement said "before you upload or post any content, you agree to grant ZAO, its affiliates and ZAO users worldwide the right to sublicense and reauthorize and the right to irrevocably use your content for free and for good."
该用户协议提到“在您上传及/或发布用户内容之前,您同意或者确保实际权利人同意授予‘ZAO’及其关联公司以及‘ZAO’用户全球范围内完全免费、不可撤销、永久、可转授权和可再许可的权力”。
有网友担心,同意这样的授权以后,个人信息会被不法分子利用。
"The clauses require the users to fully authorize the image right to the platform … You can't control what they are going to do with your portrait," a Weibo user named Tone2 said.
微博网友Tone2说:“这个条款要求用户完全把自己的肖像权授予该平台。他们怎么用你的肖像,你根本无法控制。”
"When you grant authorization to ZAO, all the rights of your face are no longer yours," another user named stoneyzombie commented.
另一位用户stonezombie说:“你授权给ZAO以后,跟你的脸有关的所有权利就都不是你的了。”
As users need to log in with a personal phone number, some fear that once the phone number and facial images are disclosed, "criminals can directly talk to your family by using some technical synthesis," an unidentified Weibo user said.
用户使用该应用时需要用手机号登录,有些用户担心一旦手机号和面部图像信息泄露,一位微博网友表示,“不法分子可以直接用技术合成手段跟你的家人通话了。”
ZAO刷屏后,鉴于很多网友担心人脸支付被破解。支付宝也及时做出回应:
There are many face-swapping applications and none have been able to pass the security check on Alipay no matter how lifelike the synthesized portraits look.
目前,网上各类换脸软件有很多,但不管换的有多逼真,都是无法突破刷脸支付的。
8月31日下午,ZAO修改了其用户协议内容。在用户协议的开头部分增加了“特别提示”,疑似回应网络争议。
The app modified its user agreement, adding a special notice in the front that states content will not be used for other purposes and can be removed from the server.
该应用修改了用户协议,在开头部分增加了“特别提示”,表明用户上传的内容不会被用于其他用户,并可以从服务器上删除。
9月1日,变脸应用“ZAO”微信分享链接已停止访问,页面显示“网页存在安全风险,被多人投诉,为维护绿色上网环境,已停止访问”。
微博账号“ZAO官方助手”也在9月1日下午发微博回应用户对隐私泄露的担忧:
We fully understand your concerns about privacy issues. We have received the questions you have raised and will correct the parts that were not well-considered. It will take some time.
我们十分理解大家对隐私问题的担忧。你们提的问题都已收到,考虑不周的地方我们会去改,需要一点时间。
体育强国 leading sports nation
The new plan, named "Outline for Building a Leading Sports Nation", targets wider public engagement in sports, better competitive sports performances, a stronger sports industry, a more vibrant sports culture, and enhanced sports exchanges.
《体育强国建设纲要》旨在推进全民健身,提升竞技体育综合实力,加快发展体育产业,促进体育文化繁荣发展,加强体育交流。
《纲要》提出的战略目标包括:
People who frequently participate in physical exercises should account for over 45 percent of the population by 2035; China should become a modern leading sports socialist country by 2050, and its people’s physical fitness, general health levels and global influence in sports should be in the front ranks of the world.
到2035年,经常参加体育锻炼人数比例达到45%以上;到2050年,全面建成社会主义现代化体育强国,人民身体素养和健康水平、体育综合实力和国际影响力居于世界前列。
《纲要》针对体育强国建设提出了五个方面战略任务。
一是落实全民健身国家战略(advance the national fitness campaign),助力健康中国建设。
People’s health should be put at the core of the campaign, with national fitness plans to be formulated and implemented and scientific fitness knowledge and methods to be disseminated.
坚持以人民健康为中心,制定并实施全民健身计划,普及科学健身知识和健身方法。
二是提升竞技体育综合实力(improve performance in competitive sports events),增强为国争光能力。
Preparations were encouraged for the coming Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games, the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
做好2020年东京奥运会、残奥会和2022年北京冬奥会、冬残奥会备战参赛工作。
三是加快发展体育产业(facilitate the growth of sports industry),培育经济转型新动能。
The development, design and manufacturing of sports goods will be supported, and their supply capacity will be improved as well, the circular read, adding more mass sports activities should be organized and sports games should be held during holidays to stimulate people’s consumption.
支持体育用品研发设计、生产制造,显著提升体育用品供给能力。丰富节假日体育赛事供给,激发大众体育消费需求。
四是促进体育文化繁荣发展(cultivate a vibrant sports culture),弘扬中华体育精神。
五是加强对外和对港澳台体育交流(enhance sports exchanges with other countries, Hong Kong and Macao SARs and Taiwan),服务大国特色外交和“一国两制”事业。
作弊刑事案件司法解释 judicial interpretation about crimes of exam cheating
People who organize exam cheating or offer high-tech equipment to test takers in order to cheat will face heavier penalties in accordance with a newly released judicial interpretation.
根据最新发布的司法解释,组织考试作弊或者为他人实施作弊提供高科技作弊器材的,将面临更加严重的处罚。
【单词讲解】
Cheat这个词在英语里很常用,可以作为动词和名词使用,有“欺骗、骗子、出轨”等意思,不同的搭配会表达不同的意思,我们在使用的时候要非常注意。比如,cheat on someone表达的是“背着(配偶、性伴侣)乱搞;对(配偶、性伴侣)不忠”的意思,也就是我们常说的“出轨”,如果你想说“她骗了我”可以直接用she cheated me或者she fooled me来表示,而千万不能说she cheated on me。另外,我们也可以直接说someone is a cheat,来表示“某人是个骗子”。
为严厉惩治考试作弊犯罪,2015年11月1日起施行的《刑法修正案(九)》明确组织作弊(organize cheating)、提供作弊器材(provide equipment or help for cheating)、非法出售或提供试题答案(illegally sell exam questions and answers)、代考替考(take tests for somebody else)等4类行为最高可判处七年有期徒刑(a sentence of up to seven years imprisonment)。根据刑法第二百八十四条之一的规定,组织考试作弊罪,非法出售、提供试题、答案罪和代替考试罪的适用范围是“法律规定的国家考试”。
此次发布的司法解释明确了“法律规定的国家考试”范围,是指全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的法律所规定的考试。
具体而言,根据有关法律规定,下列考试属于“法律规定的国家考试(national-level exams stipulated by law)”:
(1)普通高等学校招生考试(the national college entrance exam)、研究生招生考试(the postgraduate entrance exam)、高等教育自学考试(exam for self-taught students)、成人高等学校招生考试(entrance exam for continuing education)等国家教育考试;
(2)中央和地方公务员录用考试(the national and local civil servant exams);
(3)国家统一法律职业资格考试、国家教师资格考试、注册会计师全国统一考试、会计专业技术资格考试、资产评估师资格考试、医师资格考试、执业药师职业资格考试、注册建筑师考试、建造师执业资格考试等专业技术资格考试(national exams to obtain professional qualifications like those for teachers, lawyers, accountants, physicians, pharmacists, and architects);
(4)其他依照法律由中央或者地方主管部门以及行业组织的国家考试。
刑法规定,在法律规定的国家考试中,组织作弊或者为他人实施组织作弊犯罪提供作弊器材或其他帮助的,即构成组织考试作弊罪,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役(detention or less than three years in prison),并处或者单处罚金;情节严重的(for serious cases),处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑(three to seven years in prison),并处罚金。
新的司法解释对组织考试作弊罪“情节严重”的认定标准作了明确规定。这九种情形分别是:
在普通高等学校招生考试、研究生招生考试、公务员录用考试中组织考试作弊的(organize cheating in national college entrance exam, postgraduate entrance exam and public servant exam);
导致考试推迟、取消或者启用备用试题的(cause delay or cancellation of the exam);
考试工作人员组织考试作弊的(the offender works for the authorities organizing and overseeing the exam);
组织考生跨省、自治区、直辖市作弊的(organize cheating in other provinces,autonomous regions or municipalities);
多次组织考试作弊的(repeatedly organize cheating in exams);
组织30人次以上作弊的(organize 30 or more people to cheat in an exam);
提供作弊器材50件以上的(provide more than 50 cheating devices);
违法所得30万元以上的(obtain an illegal gain of at least 300,000 yuan);
其他情节严重的情形。
司法解释第三条对“作弊器材”的认定标准也作了明确,规定:
“具有避开或者突破考场防范作弊的安全管理措施,获取、记录、传递、接收、存储考试试题、答案等功能的程序、工具(applications or devices that can evade security checks and help gain, record, convey, receive or store questions and answers of the exams),以及专门设计用于作弊的程序、工具,应当认定为刑法第二百八十四条之一第二款规定的‘作弊器材’。”