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2020年3月新闻热词汇总

中国日报网 2020-04-01 13:16

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中低风险地区 medium- and low-risk areas

湖北省新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控指挥部3月10日发布通告称,为落实分区分级分类分时差异化防控策略,推进企业复工复产和人员安全有序流动,决定开展湖北健康码发放工作。

 

Via a mobile app, each resident of Hubei province will be granted a colored health QR code. A red code indicates the holder is a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 case, a yellow one indicates a close contact, while a green one means the holder has no contact with any cases.

湖北省居民可通过手机程序获得不同颜色的健康码。红色码代表新冠肺炎确诊或疑似病例,黄色码代表密切接触者,绿色码代表未接触过新冠肺炎相关人员。

【知识点】

健康码(health QR code)是一个开放的系统,可根据不同地区需求,结合各地疫情防控需要快速推出,以最高效的方式实现应用。2月11日,杭州在全国率先推出健康码,用“红黄绿”三色二维码作为数字化健康证明(digital health certificate),助力疫情防控。


The green code holders from the medium- and low-risk areas will be given green light across the province to promote operation resumption of enterprises while ensuring the safety of the personnel, according to a circular issued by the provincial COVID-19 control headquarters. The green code holders from high-risk areas should follow the specific travel rules of local authorities.
湖北省新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控指挥部表示,中、低风险地区持绿码人员,全省通行,在确保人员安全的情况下推进企业复工复产;高风险地区持绿码人员,按照当地防控指挥部规定出行。

The yellow code holders will not be allowed to travel and those carrying red codes must be quarantined and treated, said the headquarters.
持黄码人员不予放行,持红码人员按疫情防控要求由当地收治、隔离。

The colors of the health codes may switch based on the health conditions of the holders.
健康码根据个人健康状况进行转换。

那么,不同风险的地区是如何划定的呢?

依据国务院应对新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情联防联控机制《关于科学防治精准施策分区分级做好新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的指导意见》中的风险划定标准:

Cities, counties and districts with no newly confirmed cases in the last 14 days are categorized as low-risk regions, those with fewer than 50 cases or those with over 50 but without a concentrated outbreak are classified as medium-risk regions, and those with over 50 cases as well as a concentrated outbreak are classified as high-risk regions.
即以县市区为单位,无确诊病例或连续14天无新增确诊病例为低风险地区;14天内有新增确诊病例,累计确诊病例不超过50例,或累计确诊病例超过50例,14天内未发生聚集性疫情为中风险地区;累计病例超过50例,14天内有聚集性疫情发生为高风险地区。

 

绿化 afforestation

全国绿化委员会办公室3月11日发布《2019年中国国土绿化状况公报》。

China has made new strides in advancing afforestation in 2019 with the area of newly created forests totaling 7.067 million hectares, the report said.
公报指出,2019年我国国土绿化事业取得了新成绩,全国共完成造林706.7万公顷。

【单词讲解】

这里的afforestation读作[əˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃn],是个名词,其英文解释为the process of planting large numbers of trees on land which has few or no trees on it,即“在原本树木稀少或者没有树木的土地上大量种树的过程”,也就是我们所说的“植树造林”,由此可见,这是一个人为绿化的过程。植树造林产生的森林一般称为“人工林(manmade forest)”,与之相对的“天然林”就是natural forest。

 

China also restored a total of 1.745 million hectares of degraded forests nationwide and improved 3.147 million hectares of degraded grasslands last year, according to the report.
去年,全国共完成退化林修复174.5万公顷、种草改良草原314.7万公顷。

公报称,2019年全民义务植树深入开展,“互联网+全民义务植树(internet plus public voluntary tree planting)”不断拓展,活动丰富多彩。

More than 500 million people have participated in a virtual tree planting project in the mobile payment app Alipay. A total of 39,000 hectares of trees had been planted last year via the project, it said.
蚂蚁金服集团开展的虚拟种树项目,社会公众参与超过5亿人次,植树造林3.9万公顷。

此外,2019年草原生态保护修复(grassland ecological protection and restoration)力度加大,湿地保护修复(wetland protection and restoration)有效加强,沙区生态状况持续改善。全国完成防沙治沙(desertification control)任务226万公顷,荒漠化土地面积连续净减少。


输入病例 imported COVID-19 cases

3月12日举行的国务院联防联控机制新闻发布会上,国家卫健委新闻发言人米锋指出,总体上,我国本轮疫情流行高峰已经过去(pass the climax of the novel coronavirus outbreak),新增发病人数在持续下降,疫情总体保持在较低水平。

Hubei province, the epicenter of the epidemic, had eight new coronavirus infections on Wednesday, all in its capital city of Wuhan, Mi said.
米锋指出,3月11日0时至24时湖北新增确诊病例8例,全部在省会武汉。

Regions in Hubei outside of Wuhan have reported no new infections for one week, and outside of Hubei, the Chinese mainland reported seven new cases on Wednesday, including six cases imported from abroad, he said.
湖北除武汉以外,所有地市已连续1周无新增确诊病例;湖北以外省份,新增确诊病例7例,其中6例为境外输入病例。

他表示,要把医疗救治工作摆在第一位(treatment of patients remains the top priority),不麻痹(remain vigilant)、不厌战(avoid succumbing to battle fatigue)、不松劲,毫不放松抓紧各项防控工作。

同日,国家卫健委高级别专家组组长、中国工程院院士钟南山表示,预测本次疫情在6月结束是可以期待的。

Zhong said that there still exists the possibility that the COVID-19 outbreak could end in June, but this hinges on all countries taking full and active measures to tackle it.
钟南山表示,预测本次疫情在6月结束是可以期待的,但是这要取决于各个国家采取全面积极的应对措施。

If some countries do not pay full attention to the infectious nature and harm of the disease or intervene forcibly, (the outbreak) may be prolonged, Zhong said.
假如一些国家不重视疫情的危害性和传染性,不对新冠肺炎进行强力干预,疫情时间可能还会延长。

我国防控重点转防境外输入

钟南山表示,在联防联控机制下,国内疫情已经得到了比较好的控制,现在风险慢慢转为境外输入风险。

"Many imported cases (to China) are asymptomatic. Patients don't necessarily have a fever. They don't think it's a big deal and they arrive in China and find themselves testing positive for the coronavirus," Zhong said.
钟南山指出,境外输入病例很多为无症状患者,即不存在发烧现象。他们觉得没什么大不了,然后到中国检测新冠病毒是阳性。

他表示,我国应该加强对输入患者的管控,避免境外输入患者成为新的传染源,应该做到入境人员14日隔离(14-day quarantine)或对其进行核酸检测(nucleic acid testing)。

 

就餐指引 dining guidance

北京市商务局制定的疫情期间餐饮服务单位经营服务指引(3.0版)日前正式发布,指引对顾客就餐和餐厅服务细节进行了细化。

Diners will not be allowed to sit face-to-face in restaurants and canteens in Beijing during the coronavirus outbreak, according to the latest government notice.
最新版服务指引提出,新冠肺炎疫情期间,在北京各类餐饮门店就餐时不得面对面就坐。

The guidelines also asked outlets of catering firms and canteens of government units and institutes to place dining tables at an interval of at least 1 meter.
指引同时要求,餐饮企业及单位食堂餐桌间隔要在1米以上。

该指引适用于北京市的餐饮企业及其门店、单位食堂、网络餐饮服务第三方平台等餐饮服务单位。

指引要求,餐饮服务单位要在店内外候餐区(waiting area)、取餐区(serving area)、结账区(cashier desk)划设“一米线”,严格控制排队就餐人流密度,提倡使用二维码扫码点餐、结账(use QR codes for placing orders and paying bills)。餐饮服务单位要安排专门人员对就餐人员检测体温,体温正常方可进入餐厅就餐。

指引还要求,内部食堂应采用分时段错峰就餐等服务方式。餐饮服务单位要全面推行公筷公勺(serving chopsticks and spoons),有条件的餐厅要积极推广分餐制(serving of individual dishes)。

在就餐环境方面,指引明确提出,餐厅对于顾客接触多的桌面、门把手、水龙头、走廊、电梯、扶手、洗手间等部位及时清洁消毒(timely disinfection of tables, doorknobs, faucets, doorways, handrails and restrooms that are regularly touched by customers)。

餐具、饮具和盛放直接入口食品的容器,使用前必须清洁消毒,做到“一客一用一消毒(disinfection after each serving)”。厨余垃圾加盖、分类及时清理。

此前,上海、海口、广州等城市也已陆续出台类似政策。


妨害国境卫生检疫罪 the crime of disturbing frontier health and quarantine

3月16日,最高法、最高检、公安部、司法部、海关总署五部门联合发布《关于进一步加强国境卫生检疫工作 依法惩治妨害国境卫生检疫违法犯罪的意见》。

 

According to the guideline, people refusing the health checks or falsifying health statement cards while entering China will be identified as committing the crime of disturbing frontier health and quarantine.
意见规定,入境时拒绝接受卫生检疫或者不如实填报健康申明卡者将以“妨害国境卫生检疫罪”定罪处罚。

意见列举了6类妨害国境卫生检疫行为,具体包括:

1. 检疫传染病染疫人或者染疫嫌疑人(people with quarantinable infectious diseases or suspected epidemic victims)拒绝执行海关依照国境卫生检疫法等法律法规提出的健康申报(health declaration)、体温监测(temperature check)、医学巡查(medical inspection)、流行病学调查(epidemiological investigation)、医学排查(medical screening)、采样等卫生检疫措施,或者隔离、留验、就地诊验、转诊等卫生处理措施的。

2. 检疫传染病染疫人或者染疫嫌疑人采取不如实填报健康申明卡等方式隐瞒疫情(hide epidemic information),或者伪造、涂改检疫单、证等方式伪造情节的(falsifying quarantine forms)。

3. 知道或者应当知道实施审批管理的微生物、人体组织、生物制品、血液及其制品等特殊物品可能造成检疫传染病传播,未经审批仍逃避检疫,携运、寄递出入境的(transport or post special articles that may cause spread of quarantinable infectious diseases)。

4. 出入境交通工具上发现有检疫传染病染疫人或者染疫嫌疑人,交通工具负责人拒绝接受卫生检疫或者拒不接受卫生处理的(refuse quarantine or sanitation measures)。

5. 来自检疫传染病流行国家、地区的出入境交通工具上出现非意外伤害死亡且死因不明的人员,交通工具负责人故意隐瞒情况的(people who intentionally hide non-accidental deaths on the public transport that is under their charge and from a region or country where an infectious disease is rampant)。

6. 其他拒绝执行海关依照国境卫生检疫法等法律法规提出的检疫措施的。

海关总署政策法规司司长王军介绍,疫情发生后,海关启动健康申报制度,这对于海关及时掌握出入境人员的相关信息、精准识别高风险人员具有关键作用。

Although some people clearly knew they had COVID-19 symptoms or had been to high-risk countries, they concealed that crucial information to avoid quarantines. Some even took fever-reducing drugs to cover up symptoms and pass inspections, said Wang of the customs administration.
有一些入境人员明知自己已经出现染疫的症状,或曾经去过疫情严重地区,但是他们故意隐瞒这些关键信息逃避检疫。甚至有人用吃退烧药等方式降低体温,掩盖发热症状,在海关卫生检疫环节蒙混过关。

他提醒,广大出入境旅客在出入境时一定要如实、完整、准确地填报健康申明卡,并配合海关做好体温监测、医学巡查、流行病学调查等各项卫生检疫措施(follow quarantine measures),这既是对本人和家人健康安全的保护,也是必须履行的法律义务(legal obligation)。

 

疫苗研发 vaccine research and development

3月17日,国务院联防联控机制就药物疫苗和检测试剂研发攻关最新情况举行发布会。会上,中国工程院院士王军志表示,我国新冠疫苗研发进展目前总体上处于国际先进行列,不会慢于国外。

Chinese scientists have been racing to develop COVID-19 vaccines by five approaches, namely inactivated vaccines, genetic engineering subunit vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, and vaccines using attenuated influenza virus as vectors, said Wang Junzhi, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
中国工程院院士王军志说,目前,我国正按照5种技术路线开展新冠疫苗紧急研制,包括灭活疫苗、基因工程重组亚单位疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗、核酸疫苗以及减毒流感病毒载体疫苗。

王军志表示,截至目前为止,五大技术方向总体进展顺利。

So far, most teams are expected to complete preclinical research in April and some are moving forward faster, said Wang.
大部分研发团队4月份都能完成临床前研究,有的团队进展更快。

Some research team has been enrolling volunteers and applied for clinical trials with the National Medical Products Administration, he added.
有些研发团队已向国家药监局递交临床试验申请材料,并且已经开展招募志愿者等相关工作。

In general, China's vaccine development against COVID-19 is among the world's front-runners.
我国新冠疫苗研发进展目前总体上处于国际先进行列。

 

教育部科技司司长雷朝滋表示,教育部从春节就开始动员有研究优势的厦门大学、四川大学、清华大学、北京大学等高校科研团队,协同科研院所和相关企业加快开展新冠病毒疫苗的科研公关。

Lei said that the flu viral vector-based vaccine is currently under animal tests for safety and efficacy tests and scheduled to apply for the clinical trial by the end of April.
雷朝滋介绍道,流感病毒载体疫苗目前正在进行实验动物的有效性和安全性研究,预计4月底申请临床试验。


在3月16日举行的上海疫情防控新闻发布会上,上海市卫健委透露,针对新冠病毒疫苗研发,上海已取得积极进展。

China would begin testing its messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine, or mRNA vaccine, on primates to evaluate its safety and efficacy, and hopefully the vaccine could enter clinical trials by mid-April.
我国mRNA(信使RNA)疫苗已启动灵长类动物毒理和药效预实验,预计4月中旬临床试验。

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