2020年3月新闻热词汇总

戴口罩指南 guidance on mask wearing

国务院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情联防联控机制近日印发《公众科学戴口罩指引》。

Medical masks and surgical masks are sufficient for normal use, and wearing multiple masks does not provide more protection, according to the guideline.
指引指出，医用口罩或医用外科口罩可用于普通防护，佩戴多个口罩并不能增加防护效果。

指引对普通公众（general public）、特定场所人员（people at specific areas）、重点人员（key population groups）以及职业暴露人员（people with occupational exposure）进行分类，并对不同场景下戴口罩提出科学建议。

这些情况不建议戴口罩

普通公众在居家（stay at home）、户外（outdoors），无人员聚集（no crowds）、通风良好（well-ventilated）的情况下，建议不佩戴口罩。

这些情况佩戴一次性口罩

The public is advised to carry along masks when in crowded places such as offices, shopping malls, restaurants, workshops and public transport. People in high-risk areas should wear surgical masks all the time when entering such places, while those in medium-risk and low-risk areas need to wear medical masks when in contact with others at the distance of less than 1 meter.
普通公众处于如办公、购物、餐厅、车间、公共交通工具等人员密集场所时，在中、低风险地区，应随身备用口罩，在与其他人近距离接触（小于等于1米）时戴口罩。在高风险地区，戴一次性使用医用口罩。

Those who have cold symptoms such as coughing or sneezing, or who live with personnel in quarantine or that have recovered from the novel coronavirus and been discharged from the hospital, are suggested to wear disposable medical or surgical masks.
对于咳嗽或打喷嚏等感冒症状者，建议戴一次性使用医用口罩或医用外科口罩。对于与居家隔离、出院康复人员共同生活的人员，建议戴一次性使用医用口罩或医用外科口罩。

这些情况建议佩戴防护口罩

People working in places such as hospitals, train terminals, airports, prisons and nursing homes need to wear surgical masks or respirators of grade KN95/N95 or above.
医院、火车站、机场、监狱、养老院等人员密集场所工作人员，建议戴医用外科口罩或符合KN95/N95及以上级别的防护口罩。

The suspected cases, confirmed cases of novel coronavirus, asymptomatic cases and those who have close contact with confirmed cases are recommended to wear surgical masks or respirators with no breathing valve graded at KN95/N95 or above. Entry personnel need to wear such masks from the moment they enter the country to the end of their required quarantine.
新型冠状病毒肺炎疑似病例、确诊病例和无症状感染者；新型冠状病毒肺炎密切接触者；入境人员(从入境开始到隔离结束)，戴医用外科口罩或无呼气阀符合KN95/N95及以上级别的防护口罩。

职业暴露人员根据工作内容及地点不同，佩戴医用外科口罩、医用防护口罩或送风过滤式呼吸防护器。

心理疏导 psychological counseling

国务院应对新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制日前印发《新冠肺炎疫情心理疏导工作方案》。

The work plan called for sustained psychological counseling services especially for COVID-19 patients, their families, families of fallen patients, vulnerable groups, health workers and those fighting the virus in the front line including police officers and community workers.
方案要求将新冠肺炎患者及家属、病亡者家属、弱势群体、参与疫情防控医务工作者、公安民警（辅警）和社区工作者等一线工作人员作为重点，持续开展心理疏导服务。

方案指出，目前，我国新冠肺炎疫情防控形势发生积极向好变化（the positive trend in the epidemic prevention and control work is now expanding），不同人群心理状况也随之变化。

制定本方案的目标是，针对患者及其家属、病亡者家属、一线工作人员等重点人群，开展心理疏导、心理干预等心理服务，维护公众心理健康（maintain public mental health），促进社会和谐稳定（promote social harmony and stability）。

方案提出的具体措施要点如下：

The work plan asked community workers to help recovered patients and their families return to their normal lives and prevent stigma around the disease.
社区工作者要加强对患者家属及治愈归家患者的人文关怀，帮助患者恢复正常生活，避免他们因病受到歧视。

Social service organizations and mental health facilities should be mobilized to provide the bereaved families with social support and psychological counseling services as a way to help them handle the grief, the work plan said.
通过组织动员社会工作者和专业志愿者等力量，为有心理问题的治愈患者及家属提供精神慰籍、心理抚慰、社会融入等服务。

In hard-hit regions particularly Hubei and its provincial capital Wuhan, special work teams composed of mental health professionals, social workers and volunteers should be set up for the purposes, according to the work plan.
湖北武汉等受疫情影响严重地区要组建由精神卫生和心理健康专业人员、社会工作者以及志愿者等组成的服务队，对治愈隔离患者提供心理服务。

Highlighting care for the psychological wellbeing of those working in the front line, it called for efforts to help the general public seek outlets for their unhealthy emotions due to long-term quarantine.
除了强调要关爱一线工作人员的心理健康之外，方案还提出要及时疏导居民长期封闭管理产生的负面情绪。

第一入境点 first point of entry

3月19日，民航局、外交部、国家卫健委、海关总署、移民局联合发布了《关于目的地为北京的国际航班从指定第一入境点入境的公告（第1号）》，调整目的地为北京的部分国际航班从指定第一入境点入境。

Starting Monday, the Chinese capital will redirect all the inbound flights scheduled to land at Beijing Capital International Airport to 12 designated airports.
从3月23日起，所有计划降落在北京首都国际机场的入境航班将分流至12个指定机场降落。

Passengers will go through customs clearance and quarantine at these airports, and those having passed quarantine inspection can fly to Beijing on their original flights, it said.
乘坐上述国际航班的旅客在指定机场实施检疫并办理入境清关手续。检疫符合登机条件的旅客可搭乘原航班入京。

目前，我国境内疫情防控形势持续向好，疫情蔓延扩散势头已经得到基本控制，但是境外疫情不断扩散蔓延，给我国疫情防控工作带来新挑战。

As of Saturday, the capital had seen no confirmed cases in residents for 15 consecutive days, Gao Xiaojun, health commission spokesman, said at a news conference on Sunday afternoon.
北京市卫生健康委新闻发言人高小俊在3月22日的发布会上表示，截止3月21日，北京已经连续15天没有本地新增确诊病例。

"The imported cases are the current focus of the city's prevention and control efforts," Gao said.
输入病例是北京市当前疫情防控工作的重点。

The Chinese mainland saw a total of 314 confirmed cases in patients from other countries, as of Saturday, according to the National Health Commission. Those in Beijing accounted for about 31 percent.
国家卫健委的信息显示，截至3月21日，全国境外输入确诊病例314例，其中北京的输入病例占31%。

北京作为国际交流中心，已经成为防控境外疫情输入的主战场。

从3月16日零时起，所有境外进京人员(包括无症状者)，均应转送至集中观察点进行14天的隔离观察（14-day quarantine）。有特殊情况的，经严格评估，可进行居家观察（home quarantine）。集中隔离观察期间，隔离人员费用自理。

3月19日晚间，民航局首先对3月20—22日四个目的地为北京的国际航班指定了第一入境点。

The airports in Tianjin, Taiyuan, in Shanxi province, and Hohhot, in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, have been handling such diverted inbound flights since Friday.
自3月20日起，天津、山西太原、内蒙古呼和浩特的机场已经开始承担入境航班分流任务。

之后，上海浦东、石家庄、济南、青岛、南京、沈阳、大连、郑州和西安九地也被纳入。与此同时，民航局还对各航空公司具体制定了第一入境点。

The entry arrangements for the Beijing-bound international flights will be adjusted in a timely manner in accordance with the COVID-19 outbreak situation, the statement said.
公告指出，目的地为北京的国际航班指定第一入境点的安排及相关措施将根据疫情变化情况适时调整。

中医药 TCM medicine

国务院新闻办公室3月23日下午在湖北武汉举行新闻发布会，中西医专家介绍了中医药防治新冠肺炎的重要作用及有效药物。

A total of 74,187 confirmed patients, which account for 91.5 percent of the total infections on the Chinese mainland, have been administered traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as part of their treatment, and over 90 percent of them have shown improvement during clinical observation, according to Yu Yanhong, Party secretary and top official of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
中医药局党组书记余艳红介绍，全国新冠肺炎确诊病例中有74187人使用了中医药，占91.5%，从临床疗效观察来看，中医药总有效率达90%以上。

TCM has effectively relieved symptoms, cut the rate of patients developing into severe conditions, raised the recovery rate, reduced the mortality rate and boosted patients' recovery, Yu said.
余艳红表示，中医药能够有效缓解症状；能够减少轻型普通型向重型发展；能够提高治愈率、降低病亡率；能够促进患者康复。

余艳红说，此次新冠肺炎疫情，在早期没有特效药、没有疫苗的情况下，总结中医药治疗病毒性传染病规律和经验，深入发掘古代经典名方，结合临床实践，形成了中医药治疗新冠肺炎的诊疗方案和中西医结合的“中国方案”（a "Chinese plan" that combines traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine），筛选出金花清感颗粒、连花清瘟胶囊、血必净注射液和清肺排毒汤、化湿败毒方、宣肺败毒方等有明显疗效的“三药三方”为代表的一批有效方药（effective TCM drugs and prescriptions）。

XuanFeiBaiDu Granule can increase the lymphocyte recovery rate by 17 percent and the clinical cure rate by 22 percent in the controlled observation, according to Huang Luqi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
中国工程院院士黄璐琦研究员说，临床显示，宣肺败毒方在对照观察中可将淋巴细胞恢复率提高17%，临床治愈率提高22%。

Liu Qingquan, head of the Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that two TCM drugs -- Jinhua Qinggan Granule and Lianhua Qingwen Capsule/Granule have proven to be effective in the treatment of mild COVID-19 cases, while Xuebijing Injection can help treat inflammation and coagulation dysfunction.
北京中医医院院长刘清泉教授说，已经显示出金花清感和连花清瘟这两个药，临床上治疗新冠肺炎的轻型和普通型还是有非常确切的疗效的，血必净注射液针对炎症风暴、凝血功能紊乱等治疗也有很好的疗效。

Zhang Boli, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that TCM treatment has significantly lowered the proportion of patients whose conditions turned from mild to severe. "None of the 564 patients at the TCM-oriented temporary hospital in Wuhan saw their health condition deteriorating into severe," said Zhang. "We have therefore applied TCM treatment to over 10,000 patients in other makeshift hospitals, and the rate of patients developing into severe conditions were substantially reduced," said Zhang.
中国工程院院士张伯礼教授说，中医的方舱医院中，564名患者没有一例转为重症的。取得经验以后，向别的方舱也推广，一万多名患者普遍使用了中药。方舱中医综合治疗，显著降低了由轻症转为重症的比例。

中国工程院院士、中国中医科学院院长黄璐琦认为，

TCM and Western medicine may come from two different medical systems and have different perspectives on health and diseases, but they are both based on the standard of factual clinical efficacy.
中医和西医虽属于两个不同的医学体系，对健康、疾病有不同的认识角度，但是它们都会基于临床疗效这一事实。

余艳红表示，

The practice of treating COVID-19 patients has proved once again that the precious wisdom left by our TCM ancestors is still practical, effective and economical. We would love to share these valuable experiences and effective treatment methods with all countries.
这次的实践再次充分证明，中医药学这个老祖宗留下来的宝贵财富依然好使、管用，并且经济易行。我们愿意与所有国家分享宝贵经验及有效治疗手段。