2020年4月新闻热词汇总

世卫组织“断供” suspend funding WHO

美国总统特朗普4月14日宣布，美国暂停向世界卫生组织提供资金。

US President Donald Trump says he has instructed his administration to halt funding to the World Health Organization (WHO).He said the WHO had "failed in its basic duty" in its response to the coronavirus outbreak.
美国总统特朗普表示，他已指示其政府暂停向世界卫生组织提供资金。他说，世卫组织在应对新冠肺炎疫情时“没有履行其基本职责”。

Mr Trump said funding would be on hold for 60 to 90 days pending a review of the WHO’s warnings about the coronavirus and China.
特朗普表示，暂停提供资金的期限将持续60到90天，在此期间将对世卫组织就新冠病毒及中国疫情发出的警示信息进行评估。

特朗普在白宫记者会上表示：

With the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, we have deep concerns whether America’s generosity has been put to the best use possible. The reality is that the WHO failed to adequately obtain, vet and share information in a timely and transparent fashion.
随着新冠肺炎疫情暴发，我们非常关心美国的慷慨是否物尽其用。现实是，世卫组织未能及时透明地充分获取、筛选及分享信息。

If we cannot trust them, if this is what we will receive from the WHO, our country will be forced to find other ways to work with other nations to achieve public health goals.
如果我们不能信任他们，如果这就是我们从世卫组织得到的，我国就不得不寻找其他途径与其他国家合作来达到公共卫生领域的目标。

联合国秘书长古特雷斯对此回应称，世界卫生组织必须得到支持。

António Guterres, the UN secretary general, declared now was “not the time to reduce the resources for the operations of the World Health Organization or any other humanitarian organization in the fight against the virus.
古特雷斯表示，疫情当前，现在不是减少对世卫组织或者任何一个人道主义组织资源支持的时候。

“As I have said before, now is the time for unity and for the international community to work together in solidarity to stop this virus and its shattering consequences,” he said in a statement.
我之前说过，国际社会现在应该团结一致、携手聚力，共同阻止这个病毒及其产生的破坏性后果。

世卫组织的资金来源

WHO’s Programme Budget is financed through a mix of assessed and voluntary contributions. Assessed contributions are the dues countries pay in order to be a member of the Organization. The amount each Member State must pay is calculated relative to the country's wealth and population.
世卫组织的规划预算资金来自评定会费和自愿捐款。评定会费是国家作为本组织会员国交纳的费用。每一会员国交纳的费用按本国的财富和人口状况计算。

Assessed contributions have declined as an overall percentage of the Programme Budget and have, for several years, accounted for less than one quarter of the organization’s financing. The balance is mobilized through voluntary contributions.
评定会费占规划预算的总百分比有所减少，近几年占比还不到该组织资金总额的四分之一。其余资金通过自愿捐款筹集。

However, assessed contributions remain a key source of financing for the organization, providing a level of predictability, helping to minimize dependence on a narrow donor base, and allowing resources to be aligned to the Programme Budget.
但评定会费仍是该组织资金的一个主要来源，它提供了一定程度的可预测性，有助于降低对少量捐助方的依赖，使资源水平能够与规划预算保持一致。

WHO assessed contributions are due and payable as of 1 January from all WHO Member States and Associate Members (currently 194 Member States and 2 Associate Members).
世卫组织各会员国和准会员（目前共有194个会员国和两个准会员）需于1月1日缴付世卫组织评定会费。

Where the total annual assessed contribution for a Member State is $200,000 or greater, that Member's contributions are assessed half in United States dollar and half in Swiss francs, otherwise, contributions are assessed in United States dollars only.
如会员国年评定会费总额为20万美元或更多，则会费一半按美元评定，一半按瑞士法郎评定。如会员国年评定会费总额低于20万美元，会费应全部按美元评定。

The US is the WHO's biggest funder, providing $400m last year - just under 15% of its total budget.
美国是世卫组织最大的资金提供方，去年提供了4亿美元的资金支持，占该组织总预算近15%。

The organization launched an appeal in March for $675m to help fight the pandemic.
上个月，世卫组织曾发起捐款呼吁，希望能为抗击新冠肺炎疫情筹集6.75亿美元的资金。

对于特朗普关于世卫组织没有及时分享疫情信息的指责，美国媒体做了时间线的梳理。

CNBC报道称：

WHO started sounding the alarm on the outbreak of a new coronavirus in China, in mid-January, designating the now Covid-19 pandemic as a global health emergency on Jan 30 when there were just 8,200 cases in 18 countries across the world.
世卫组织1月中旬开始发出警报，称一种新型冠状病毒疫情在中国暴发，1月30日就宣布如今被称为新冠肺炎大流行病的疫情为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件，当时全球只有18个国家报告了8200例确诊病例。

The WHO’s global emergency declaration on Jan 30 was nearly a month before Trump tweeted that “The Coronavirus is very much under control in the USA” and six weeks before he declared a national emergency on March 13.
1月30日，世卫组织宣布国际关注的突发公共卫生事件，过了将近一个月，特朗普还在发推特说，“美国把新冠病毒控制得很好”，过了6个星期，他才在3月13日宣布美国进入国家紧急状态。

Two days earlier, on March 11, WHO officials declared the outbreak a pandemic, when there were just 121,000 global cases.
在此两天前，3月11日，世卫组织官员宣布新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行，当时全球只有12.1万病例。

包机 charter flights

民航局4月15日介绍，国际客运航班调整以来，平均每天入境旅客维持在两三千人左右。此外，疫情发生以来，民航局安排临时航班（包机）赴疫情严重国家接回中国公民。

Sixteen Chinese charter planes flew to Iran, Italy, Britain, the United States and Spain from March 4 to April 13, bringing back home 2,744 Chinese, including 1,449 students studying abroad, Xiong Jie, spokesperson for the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), said at an online press conference.
民航局新闻发言人熊杰在网络发布会上表示，3月4日至4月13日，民航局共安排16架次包机协助在伊朗、意大利、英国、美国、西班牙的2744名中国公民回国，其中留学生1449名。

【单词讲解】

Charter这个词在表示“包租、租用”之意时既可以用作动词，也可以用作形容词，比如：They chartered a boat for deep-sea fishing.或者The charter boat is used for deep-sea fishing.（他们包了一条船用来深海捕鱼。）所以，我们这里说到的“包机”用charter plane/flight或chartered plane/flight都是可以的。

未来几周，民航局将根据国务院联防联控机制部署，及时启动重大航空运输保障机制。

按照国务院联防联控机制的具体部署，执行的重大运输任务主要包括安排临时航班（包机）赴疫情严重国家接回中国公民任务（ bring Chinese studying or living abroad back home）、援外医疗专家组（chartered flights to send medical experts to countries hit hard by COVID-19）和相关省份联合工作组包机任务和援非物资运输任务（send medical materials to African countries）三方面。

The CAAC will provide convenience to overseas students in countries severely affected by the virus and who are in difficulties to "help them return home in a step-by-step and orderly fashion.
民航局将按照逐步、有序的方式，对疫情严重国家、确有困难急需回国的留学人员回国提供便利。

Data showed that as of Tuesday, China had sent a total of 575 charter flights carrying 134 medical professionals and working staff and 9,544 tons of anti-epidemic supplies to 64 countries including the United States, Italy and Japan to help them combat the virus.
数据显示，截至4月14日，共执行相关客、货包机任务575架次，运送134名援外医疗专家组和联合工作组人员，运输抗疫物资9544吨，涉及美国、意大利、日本等64个国家。

On April 5, the administration arranged for a chartered flight to transport 37.6 tons of medical supplies to 18 countries in central and western Africa.
4月5日，民航局安排一架次包机运送援助中西非18个国家的37.6吨物资。

消费券 coupons

为活跃消费市场，从4月19日起，武汉市人民政府将陆续向全体在汉人员投放5亿元的“武汉消费券”，以支持全市商贸和文旅行业复工、复产、复市。

The municipal government of Wuhan will hand out the vouchers weekly via the online platforms of Alibaba, Meituan Dianping and Tencent. The above three e-commerce giants will also offer their own coupons worth a total of 1.8 billion yuan, which may be used together with the government-issued vouchers. The first stage of distribution will be from April 19 to May 31, and the second stage from June 1 to July 31.
“武汉消费券”将在阿里巴巴、美团点评、腾讯等3家企业自有线上平台上按周投放，总体投放分两期执行。其中，第一期为4月19日至5月31日，第二期为6月1日至7月31日。阿里巴巴、美团点评、腾讯等3家企业还匹配了总价值约18亿元的消费券，消费者可将“武汉消费券”与3家企业的消费券叠加使用。

【单词讲解】

这里说到“消费券”时用了voucher和coupon两个词，根据《剑桥英语词典》的解释，voucher指的是a piece of paper that can be used to pay for particular goods or services or that allows you to pay less than the usual price for them（可以直接用来购买或者以低于定价的金额购买特定商品或服务的纸质凭证），coupon是：a piece of paper that can be used to get something without paying for it, or at a reduced price（可以免费或者以折扣价格获得某物的纸质凭证）。从这个解释来看，二者意思很接近，基本可以互相替换使用。

如果详细区分一下的话，coupon多指“优惠券”，比如，快餐店推出的15元午餐券、第二杯半价的冷饮券等，消费者拿着这种券去消费的时候，就可以券上的金额购买对应的产品。而voucher多指“代金券”，比如，餐厅推出的消费满300元送50元代金券，下次消费时，这50元代金券就可以直接在结账时使用。

首期“武汉消费券”根据不同消费种类设置不同面额（face value）。

餐饮消费券和超市（便利店）消费券包含10元和20元两种面额，商场消费券和文体旅游消费券包含50元和80元两种面额。

Consumers will be able to use the vouchers for offline payments in restaurants, shopping malls, supermarkets, convenience stores and cultural and tourist sites.
消费者可在餐馆、商场、超市、便利店以及文化旅游点线下消费时使用消费券。

随着国内新冠肺炎疫情得到控制，各地为了扩大居民消费，促进消费回补和潜力释放陆续发放消费券。

So far, more than 20 provinces and cities in China have launched voucher campaigns, worth over 5.6 billion yuan.
到目前为止，国内已有20多个省市发放了价值超过56亿元的消费券。

A survey conducted by Alipay shows that over 10 million businesses have benefited from the nationwide voucher campaigns, with over 90 percent of them being micro, small and medium-sized businesses.
支付宝调查显示，有1000多万家企业从全国各地的消费券活动中受益，其中90%以上为中小微企业。

“未见异常”健康状态 health status of "no sign of abnormality"

Beijing will allow commuters from the neighboring regions of Hebei province and Tianjin to apply for the health status of "no sign of abnormality" in its health mini-program to facilitate their commute, said Li Sufang, deputy head of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform.
北京市发展改革委副主任李素芳表示，本市及津冀地区往返人员可以通过“北京健康宝”小程序申请“未见异常’健康状态”，为其出行提供便利。

“北京健康宝”是一个方便个人查询自身防疫相关健康状态（health status）的小工具，所有在京及进（返）京人员均可使用。查询结果包含“集中观察（concentrated observation）”、“居家观察（home-based observation）”以及“未见异常（no sign of abnormality）”三种状态，分别用红色、黄色以及绿色进行标识。

近日，依托国家政务服务平台，北京健康宝在原有功能基础上，拓展完成了京津冀往返、商务出行及入境进京等功能。

Those who will be granted the status of "no sign of abnormality" should have stayed in low-risk areas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region for the last 14 days, are not confirmed cases, suspected cases, close contacts or silent carriers recorded by national or local health authorities, and not under home-based or concentrated observation.
近14日驻留地为京津冀低风险地区的人员，且不属于国家或北京市卫健部门掌握的确诊、疑似、密接、无症状感染人员，及不在北京市居家或集中隔离的人员，可获得“未见异常”健康状态。

获得“未见异常”健康状态的，入住酒店期间，可凭此在多场景有效使用。

在便利商务出行方面，天津、河北以外省市低风险地区来京出差人员，按照北京市酒店入住管理的相关措施，持有7日内核酸检测阴性证明（negative result of nucleic acid test within 7 days），或在酒店进行核酸检测呈阴性并接受酒店健康管理，入住酒店后，依据酒店入住登记信息，可通过“健康宝”申请健康状态。