2020年4月新闻热词汇总

五一假期 May Day holiday

文化和旅游部官网发布旅游提示，提醒广大游客“五一”出游疫情防控不放松，安全文明记心中。

Tourists are asked to pay close attention to the situation of epidemic risks released by local authorities and the latest epidemic prevention and control measures of their destination, according to a statement on the official website of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
文旅部官网发布的提示指出，游客要密切关注各地疫情防控部门发布的疫情风险情况，了解目的地最新疫情防控政策。

Tourists are urged to carry out self-protection measures including wearing masks and washing their hands frequently, as well as keeping their distance from others while taking transportation and visiting parks. The use of serving chopsticks and spoons during meals is also recommended, the statement said.
游客要做好自我防护，戴口罩、勤洗手，在乘坐交通工具、入园游览时，自觉与其他游客保持间距。就餐时使用公筷公勺。

提示同时要求游客避免扎堆，错峰出游。

The statement also asked tourists to learn in advance about ticket reservations and other measures of scenic spots and devise their itineraries to avoid peak times.
提示建议游客提前了解景点的门票预约等措施，间隔入园、错峰旅游。

文旅部提醒游客，自觉遵守旅游目的地和景区疫情防控制度，接受测量体温（take temperature）、查验健康码（check health QR code）、分时限流、保持间距（social distancing）等要求，对于由此产生的排队等待给予充分理解。

此前，文旅部和国家卫生健康委曾联合印发《关于做好旅游景区疫情防控和安全有序开放工作的通知》。

通知要求：

Tourist attractions are allowed to receive 30 percent of their maximum visitor capacity. Paid scenic spots are required to evaluate the results before launching preferential policies for tickets and entertainment programs.
景区接待游客量不得超过核定最大承载量的30%，收费景区在实施临时性优惠政策前要做好评估，防止客流量超限。

Tourist attractions should strengthen management over population flow to prevent mass gatherings. Travelers are required to make reservations and encouraged to visit scenic spots in different time periods.
景区要强化流量管理，严防人员聚集。游客需提前预约，且建议分时段游览。

零号病人 patient zero

Chinese scientists said on Monday that it is very unlikely the novel coronavirus was man-made, and finding patient zero is a formidable task that requires global collaboration to succeed.
中国科学家4月27日表示，新冠病毒是人造的可能性很低，追溯“零号病人”难度很大，需要全球各国携手展开工作。

【名词解释】

“零号病人（patient zero）”往往用来指称第一个受感染的流行病患者（the first person infected with the virus in an epidemic）。确认“零号病人”，对于病毒溯源和疫情防控有着重要价值。

中国医学科学院病原生物学研究所所长金奇说，

Finding the first infected case is an "extremely difficult scientific problem that requires a great amount of interdisciplinary research". Scientists have yet to find patient zero for the 1918 influenza pandemic, HIV or the H1N1 influenza in 2009.
追溯“零号病人”是“非常难的科学问题，需要大量的工作，多学科交叉”。1918年大流感、艾滋病以及2009年暴发的H1N1流感等大规模传染病都没有找到明确的“零号病人”。

中国疾控中心病毒病预防控制所学者刘培培表示，

The increased number of people with COVID-19 antibodies, as well as the existence of asymptomatic patients, are two main obstacles in finding patient zero.
有新冠肺炎抗体的人数增加以及无症状感染者的存在是追溯“零号病人”的两个主要障碍。

If patient zero is asymptomatic or has very mild symptoms, he or she may not have seen a doctor and left a medical record.
如果“零号病人”为无症状或非常轻微的症状，那可能没有去就医，没有留下就诊记录。

China and many other countries are also looking for patient zero. He said he hopes countries can work together to tackle this challenging task.
中国和很多其他国家都在寻找“零号病人”，他希望各国能够携手合作应对这个挑战。

收费公路 toll roads

交通运输部4月28日发布关于恢复收费公路收费的公告。

China's Ministry of Transport announced to restore all tolls across the country from May 6. The move is valid for all toll roads nationwide, including bridges and tunnels, the ministry said in a notice, adding that given vehicles approved by law will continue to be exempted from tolls.
交通运输部发布公告，自2020年5月6日零时起，全国收费公路恢复收费（含收费桥梁和隧道）。与此同时，继续落实法定免费通行政策。

【单词讲解】

Toll这个词可以直接表示“（道路、桥梁）通行费”，所以，没有必要说toll fee，“收费站”就可以用toll gate、toll booth表示，咱们国家一些法定节假日期间小型车辆高速公路免费通行则可以说Most expressways in the country are going toll free for passenger cars with fewer than seven seats during the holiday period. 此外，在有关灾难事故的新闻报道中见到的toll则表示“（伤亡）人数”，比如death toll（死亡人数）、the toll of dead and injured mounted（伤亡人数增加）。

符合《收费公路管理条例》及相关规定的军队车辆（含武警部队车辆）（military vehicles），公安机关在辖区内收费公路上处理交通事故、执行正常巡逻任务和处置突发事件的统一标志的制式警车（police vehicles），悬挂应急救援专用号牌的国家综合性消防救援车辆（fire and rescue vehicles），经国务院交通主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准执行抢险救灾任务的车辆，鲜活农产品运输车辆（vehicles transporting fresh agricultural products），进行跨区作业的联合收割机和运输联合收割机（包括插秧机）的车辆，继续享受免收车辆通行费政策。

此外，保障疫情防控应急运输车辆优先便捷通行。

Special needs and fast passes will be set up at expressway toll booths, and guidance of on-site traffic order will be strengthened.
高速公路收费站设置专用快捷通道，加强现场通行秩序引导维护。

突发公共卫生事件应急响应 response to public health emergencies

4月30日零时起，北京将突发公共卫生事件一级响应调整为二级响应（lower the emergency response to the novel coronavirus epidemic from the top level to the second level），并相应调整防控策略。

对于响应级别调整，北京市人民政府副秘书长陈蓓介绍：

By the end of Tuesday, 15 of the 16 districts in Beijing had reported zero new local cases for more than 36 days. Chaoyang district, which was listed as the high-risk area for COVID-19 control, has no new local cases for 14 days by Wednesday and will be listed as low-risk area.
截至4月28日24时，北京市16个区中有15个区超过36天无新增本土病例报告。截至4月29日，此前被列为新冠肺炎防控高风险地区的朝阳区已连续14天无新增报告确诊病例，成为低风险地区。

Beijing has been taking strict measures on both domestic and overseas travelers coming to the capital, as well as community control to prevent infection risks, which has proved to be effective. In Beijing, the risk of outbreak has been generally mitigated.
北京采取了严把入京关、境内外人员进京关，以及社区严格疫情防控等有效措施。目前北京疫情防控总体风险可控。

北京调低应急响应级别后，防控策略调整涉及哪些方面？

低风险地区返京不再要求隔离14天

People from low-risk regions of China will not need to be quarantined for 14 days at home upon arriving in Beijing. Those who are undergoing concentrated or at-home observation need not continue.
对从国内低风险地区返京、出差返京人员，不再要求居家观察14天。正在居家集中观察的，可以解除观察。

But the strict management of inbound personnel and those from high- and medium-risk areas and Hubei, the province once hardest hit by the virus, will continue.
不包括境外回京人员，也不包括湖北含武汉地区的人员及国内其他省市高、中风险地区进京的人员。

快递外卖中介可凭健康宝绿码进小区，亲友也可以

Couriers, deliverymen, housekeepers and real estate agents with green health codes will be allowed to enter residential communities, which will remain under closed-off management.
继续实施社区封闭式管理，快递、外卖、家政服务以及房屋中介等服务行业从业人员，持“健康宝”绿码登记后可以进入小区。

Relative visitors will also be allowed if their health codes are green.
非本小区居民持“健康宝”绿码并登记后可进入小区探亲访友。

入住宾馆酒店不再要求提供核酸检测证明

Hotels in Beijing will not require nucleic acid test results from guests, with only a green health code needed to check-in.
入住宾馆酒店的，可凭借“健康宝”绿码办理手续，不再要求提供核酸检测证明。

有序放开公共交通满载率限制

The maximum allowable passenger capacity will be raised from 50 percent of full capacity to 75 percent on buses and to 65 percent on subway trains.
地面公交满载率由50%上调至75%，轨道交通满载率由50%上调至65%。

有序恢复跨京冀公交线路运营

Bus services between Beijing and some areas in the neighboring Hebei province will resume operations in an orderly manner, and inter-provincial long-distance and chartered bus services will gradually be resumed.
有序恢复跨京冀公交线路运营，逐步恢复进出京长途客运班线和旅游包车业务。

暂不开放影院、KTV、地下空间健身所、小区内外棋牌室娱乐室

Libraries, museums and galleries will reopen in an orderly manner with restricted numbers of visitors, and cinemas, karaoke houses and underground gymnasiums and natatoria will remain closed.
有序开放图书馆、博物馆、美术馆等室内公共场所，并实行预约限流措施。但各影院、KTV、地下空间体育健身场所、游泳馆等暂不开放。

户外环境原则上可不戴口罩或根据自身状况决定

Ordinary people can take off their masks in outdoor public venues if they are not at populated sites like school campuses and stations of public transport. Pregnant women, children and the elderly with poor immunity are still advised to wear their masks on if they need to go to public places.
普通人在户外可以不戴口罩，校园、公共交通站点等人员密集场所除外。孕产妇、儿童、老人等体质弱并需前往公共场所的人员仍建议戴口罩。

（中国日报网英语点津 马文英）