2020年9月新闻热词汇总

旅行安全 travel safety

Currently, on the Chinese mainland, the virus can only be found in hospitalized patients, people placed under medical observation and laboratories, Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said during an interview with China Central Television.
中国疾病预防控制中心流行病学首席专家吴尊友接受央视采访时表示：“中国境内存在新冠病毒的地方，主要是在隔离或住院的病人当中，和(相关的)实验室里。”

"It is now impossible to contract the virus in social environments, including schools and workplaces," he said. "There is no need to place extra restrictions on tourists out of concern for COVID-19 infections, though necessary travel safety precautions should be taken due to large gatherings."
他表示：“复学也好、复工复产也好，在社会层面是不可能感染新冠病毒的。从新冠肺炎防控角度来看，国庆节到各地去旅游应该没有什么特别限制和需要警惕的。由于国庆节人多，旅行安全还是要给予高度重视。”

【单词讲解】

这里的out of concern for表示“出于对...的担忧”，concern作为动词和名词都表示“担忧、关心”等意思，比如：The problem concerns us all.（这个问题与我们所有人相关）；Her ill health concerns me.（她身体不好，让我担心）；It's no concern of yours/none of your concern.（与你无关）。写作的时候用来表达观点的一个常用词组就是as far as (someone) is concerned（在某人看来）；如果把这个搭配里面的someone换成something，变成as far as (something) is concerned，表示“就...而言”，比如：He has no worries as far as money is concerned.（在钱方面，他没什么可担心的）。

国家卫健委通报，截至9月13日，中国境内已连续29天无本土新增新冠肺炎确诊病例（no new locally transmitted infections for 29 consecutive days ）。

吴尊友表示：

After months of exploring and practicing strategies aimed at fending off imported infections, China has improved its knowledge in this aspect and is capable of gradually increasing incoming flights.
在防范输入病例方面，经过数月的探索和实践，我国已经提升了这方面的认知，也有能力逐步增加入境航班数量。

All incoming travelers will be managed in a closed-off loop and will not pose risks to local residents.
所有入境旅客都会进行闭环管理，不会为当地居民带来危险。

 

住房租赁条例 rental housing rules

9月7日，住建部发布通知就《住房租赁条例（征求意见稿）》向社会公开征求意见。

The draft regulation is designed to protect the lawful interests of tenants and landlords. One of its provisions says the interior decoration of apartments should meet national standards and not pose a risk to tenants' health.
该条例旨在保护租客和房东的合法权益。其中一条规定，出租住房的室内装修应当符合国家有关标准，不得危及承租人的人身健康。

【单词讲解】

这里的pose a risk to就是“危及...”，我们也可以用put someone/something at risk或者endanger someone/something来替换，比如上文中的pose a risk to tenants' health就可以替换成put tenants' health at risk/endanger tenants' health。

以下是该条例的其他一些亮点：

Landlords should not rent kitchens, bathrooms, balconies or basements for tenants to live in, and landlords should show their ID and real estate ownership certificates to tenants before a lease is signed. Tenants should also show their ID to landlords.
厨房、卫生间、阳台和地下储藏室等非居住空间，不得出租用于居住。签订住房租赁合同前，出租人应当向承租人出示身份证明、不动产权属证书等证明住房权利归属的材料。承租人应当向出租人出示身份证明。

Landlords who collect deposits from tenants should include the amount and its time of refund in contracts.
出租人收取押金的，应当在住房租赁合同中约定押金的数额和返还时间。

Landlords should not enter a rented apartment without the tenant's consent, the draft says.
未经承租人同意，出租人不得擅自进入租赁住房。

Landlords should also take on the responsibility of apartment maintenance unless they have agreed otherwise with tenants.
出租人应当履行租赁住房的维修义务，但当事人另有约定的除外。

Tenants should abide by laws and regulations and not damage or dismantle fire safety facilities or make alterations to apartments' load-bearing structures, it says.
承租人应当遵守法律、法规的规定，合理使用租赁住房，不得损坏、擅自拆除消防设施或者改动房屋承重结构。

The lease between tenant and landlord should be registered in the online real estate rental system.
出租人和承租人签订住房租赁合同的，应当通过房屋网签备案系统进行备案。

【单词讲解】

这里的lease本身就有“租约”的意思，因此没必要在后面加contract或agreement等表示“协议、合同”的词，比如：We signed a three-year lease when we moved into the house.（我们搬进这个房子的时候签了三年的租约）。The lease runs out/expires in two years' time.（租约两年后到期）。另外，lease也可以用作动词或名词，表示“租赁（车、房子等）”，比如我们在影视剧中经常看到房子打算出租以后就会在外面立一个牌子，上面写着“For Lease”就是表示“此房出租”，如果写的是“For Sale”就是（此房出售）。用作动词的时候后面可以直接跟租赁的对象，比如：It was agreed they would lease the apartment to him/lease him the apartment.（他们同意把房子租给他）。

Real estate agents should not coax or force tenants into applying for loans to pay rents by offering rent discounts or other measures, and they must not include any mention of such loans in leases.
住房租赁企业不得以隐瞒、欺骗、强迫等方式要求承租人使用住房租金贷款，不得以租金优惠等名义诱导承租人使用住房租金贷款，不得在住房租赁合同中包含租金贷款相关内容。

Commercial banks that grant such loans should make sure the length of maturity does not exceed the duration of the lease, the draft regulation says.
商业银行发放住房租金贷款，贷款期限不得超过住房租赁合同期限。

 

出国受阻留学生 stranded students intending to study abroad

Given the continuing spread of COVID-19 around the globe, as well as entry, visa and flight restrictions imposed by a number of countries, some Chinese students intending to study abroad have been forced to change, delay or even call off their plans, the Ministry of Education said.
教育部指出，受新冠肺炎疫情影响及各国（地）入境、签证、航班等政策限制，部分我国学生赴境外国家和地区留学的计划被迫改变、延迟甚至取消。

【单词讲解】

这里的call off就是“取消”的意思，也可以用cancel替换，比如：The football match was cancelled/called off due to bad weather.（足球比赛因为天气原因取消了）。此外，call off还有“转移、吸引开”等意思，比如：her attention was called off by the arrival of her children（她的注意力被到来的孩子们吸引走了）。

 

教育部的应对政策措施包括：

引导上网课

The ministry has been encouraging international students to finish their courses online as organized by their universities. The policies make it clear that students' alternative learning experience will not affect the authenticity of their college certificates and degrees.
合理引导学生按照学校要求在线完成课程，同时明确留学人员受疫情影响无法按时返校而选择通过在线方式修读课程，不作为影响其学历学位认证结果的因素。

【单词讲解】

这里的alternative作为形容词表示“有别于传统的”，平常都是在学校里与老师、同学面对面上课，疫情期间大家都只能通过网络上课，这种上课的体验就是与传统的课堂模式不同的。此外，在音乐文化领域，alternative通常翻译为“另类的”，用来表示那些与传统音乐流派或文化流派不一样的类型，比如，alternative rock（另类摇滚）、alternative lifestyles（另类的生活方式）等。Alternative也可以作为名词表示“可供选择的事物”，比如：The menu offered several vegetarian alternatives.（菜单提供了好几种素食选择）；the alternative of going by train or by plane（选择坐火车或飞机）等。

丰富就学路径

On the premise of ensuring educational equity, the ministry will allow a number of existing Chinese mainland-based cooperative educational institutions and programs between China and other countries and between the mainland and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to admit more qualified students.
教育部还允许部分中外合作办学机构和项目以及内地（祖国大陆）与港澳台合作办学机构和项目在保证教育公平的前提下，考核招录部分符合特定条件的出国留学生。

The enrolment is meant for students who have already been admitted to universities overseas and planned to pursue an undergraduate or postgraduate degree starting this fall semester, according to the ministry.
已持有境外大学录取通知书、原计划于2020年秋季学期攻读境外高校本科或硕博士研究生的中国内地（大陆）籍学生符合基本报名条件。

About 90 joint degree programs in 19 provincial-level regions, including Beijing, Zhejiang and Guangdong, will be made available.
参与此次中外合作办学扩招的有北京、浙江、广东等19个省市的约90个中外合作办学以及内地（祖国大陆）与港澳台地区合作办学机构和项目。

此项招生不纳入国家统一招生计划，不占用高校原有招生指标，对高校其他各类招生不产生影响。

驻外使领馆教育部门积极联系

Meanwhile, the ministry will guide the communication between the Chinese embassies and consulates with the education departments and universities in the host countries to address the concerns of Chinese students.
驻外使领馆教育部门积极与驻在国教育部门和高校联系，敦促其妥善解决我留学人员学业受阻问题。

流感疫苗接种 flu vaccination

日前，中国疾控中心发布《中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南(2020-2021)》，建议四类人群优先接种流感疫苗。

Health professionals, staff and vulnerable individuals in venues with gatherings of people, including elderly care centers, nursing and welfare homes, are advised to take flu vaccines on a priority basis, according to suggestions from the latest technical guideline for influenza vaccination issued by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC).
中国疾控中心发布的最新版流感疫苗接种技术指南建议医务人员；养老机构、长期护理机构、福利院等人群聚集场所脆弱人群及员工优先接种流感疫苗。

【单词讲解】

简单介绍一下关于“疫苗”的几个词，vaccine就是“疫苗”本身，vaccinate就是“注射疫苗、接种疫苗”这个动作，而其名词形式vaccination就是“接种疫苗”这件事。这三个词用在句子中表达“某人接种疫苗”可以是：vaccinate someone/someone gets vaccinated /someone takes vaccine/someone gets vaccination。

该技术指南推荐优先接种的其他重点人群还有：

Teachers and students in nurseries, primary and secondary schools;
托幼机构、中小学校的教师和学生；

Prison inmates and workers;
监所机构的在押人员及工作人员；

Other groups at higher risk from influenza, including citizens aged 60 and above who stay in their own homes, children from six months to five years old, patients with chronic diseases, family members and caregivers of infants under six months old, and pregnant women or women preparing to become pregnant during the flu season
其他流感高风险人群，包括60岁及以上的居家老年人、6月龄-5岁儿童、慢性病患者、6月龄以下婴儿的家庭成员和看护人员以及孕妇或准备在流感季节怀孕的女性等。

 

中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家吴尊友表示：

A hike in the number of flu patients is expected in autumn and winter, periods that usually have a high incidence of influenza.

秋冬季节是常见呼吸道传染病流感的高发季节，就诊的病人数量将会增加。

The development will overlap with the country's COVID-19 control efforts, making it more difficult for health professionals to identify COVID-19 cases and increasing isolation difficulties and healthcare burdens, to the disadvantage of COVID-19 control.

流感高发与新冠肺炎疫情防控重叠，将给医护人员鉴别诊断带来困难，加大隔离难度和医疗负荷，不利于疫情防控。

教职员工准入查询 background checks on candidates in teacher recruitments

最高人民检察院与教育部、公安部近日联合下发《关于建立教职员工准入查询性侵违法犯罪信息制度的意见》。

Chinese authorities have ordered mandatory background checks on candidates in teacher recruitments in kindergartens and primary and middle schools, and those who have sex-related crime records will be blacklisted. Such people are also banned from obtaining teacher certification, according to the circular.
意见提出，意见明确，中小学校、幼儿园新招录教职员工前，应当进行性侵违法犯罪信息查询，对具有性侵违法犯罪记录的人员，不予录用。有此类犯罪记录的人员也不予认定教师资格。

【单词讲解】

这里的be banned from表示“禁止、阻止”，与我们常见的bar是近义词，bar和ban通常可以替换使用。如果一定要讲这两个词的区别的话，ban的动词和名词形式多用于表示政府官方机构颁布的“禁令”，而bar通常不带有官方性质。另外，在美剧中经常会看到监狱都有一面铁栅栏墙，所以behind bars表示“进监狱”，比如，The police said they would put him behind bars some day.（警察说总有一天要把他关进监狱。）

此次意见明确了查询的范围：一类是因强奸（rape）、强制猥亵、猥亵儿童（child molestation）犯罪被作出有罪判决的人员，以及因上述犯罪被检察院作出相对不起诉决定的人员。另一类是因猥亵行为被行政处罚的人员。

Such regulations also apply to the recruitment of other faculties, including administrative staff, and odd-job and security personnel in such institutions.
意见规定，行政人员、勤杂人员、安保人员等在校园内工作的教职员工招录也要执行上述规定。

Those already holding jobs on campus are also obliged to undergo the checking procedure. Former offenders will be fired and have their teaching licenses rescinded, it said.
意见明确，在职教职员工经查询发现有性侵违法犯罪记录的，应当立即停止其工作，按照规定及时解除聘用合同，吊销其教师资格证。

 

自贸试验区 pilot free trade zones

日前，国务院印发《中国（北京）、（湖南）、（安徽）自由贸易试验区总体方案》和《中国（浙江）自由贸易试验区扩展区域方案》。

 

The plan outlines the priorities for each pilot free trade zone and pledges to give them greater reform space so as to carry out in-depth exploration and expand opening-up.
方案明确了每个自贸试验区各有侧重的改革试点任务，赋予更大改革自主权，深入开展差别化探索，加大开放力度。

【知识点】

有关自由贸易区的英文表述，我们通常会看到free trade zone(FTZ)和free trade area(FTA)。这两者的区别是：free trade zone(FTZ)是根据本国（地区）法律法规在本国（地区）境内设立的区域性经济特区，区内贸易政策由本国（地区）自行制定；而free trade area(FTA)则是根据多个国家（地区）之间协议设立的包括协议国（地区）在内的经济体，协议成员之间的贸易往来可享受一定的优惠政策，而这些优惠政策需各方共同协商制定。

北京、湖南、安徽自由贸易试验区各有侧重

北京

The Beijing pilot FTZ will focus on supporting the construction of an innovation center with global influence. It will accelerate the construction of a leading area for the expansion of trade in services and a pilot area for the digital economy.
北京自贸试验区围绕助力建设具有全球影响力的科技创新中心，加快打造服务业扩大开放先行区、数字经济试验区。

The Beijing zone will also strive to build a high-level opening-up platform for the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
着力构建京津冀协同发展的高水平对外开放平台。

The plan also details measures for creating a first-class international environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, advancing innovation in services trade management, and exploring the construction of an international port for the information industry and digital trade in the Beijing zone.
提出了营造国际一流创新创业生态、创新服务贸易管理、探索建设国际信息产业和数字贸易港等方面的具体举措。

 

湖南

The new pilot FTZ in central China's Hunan province will focus on building a world-class advanced manufacturing cluster, an international investment and trade corridor linking the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and a leading area for in-depth economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa.
湖南自贸试验区围绕打造世界级先进制造业集群、联通长江经济带和粤港澳大湾区的国际投资贸易走廊、中非经贸深度合作先行区和内陆开放新高地。

The plan puts forward specific measures for the Hunan zone, such as the construction of a high-end equipment manufacturing base and the promotion of coordinated development of services industries in Hunan, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.
提出了打造高端装备制造业基地、实现湘粤港澳服务业联动发展、建设中非经贸深度合作先行区等方面的具体举措。

安徽

Expected to set the standard for opening-up in the inland region, the pilot FTZ in east China's Anhui province will focus on promoting the in-depth integration of scientific and technological innovation and the development of the real economy. It will accelerate the pace of its pioneering role in scientific and technological innovation and the cluster development of advanced manufacturing and strategic emerging industries, and promote the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.
安徽自贸试验区围绕推动科技创新和实体经济发展深度融合，加快推进科技创新策源地建设、先进制造业和战略性新兴产业集聚发展，推动长三角区域一体化发展，形成内陆开放新高地。

The plan introduces measures including promoting commercialization of technological research results to support the Anhui pilot FTZ.
提出了促进科技成果转移转化等方面的具体举措。

方案还提出扩展浙江自由贸易试验区区域。

The added section will focus on building a new type of international trade center, an international shipping and logistics hub, and the construction of a commodity resource allocation base centered on oil and gas. The section will also see the construction of a digital economy development demonstration zone and a cluster area for advanced manufacturing industries.
浙江自贸试验区扩展区域围绕打造以油气为核心的大宗商品资源配置基地、新型国际贸易中心、国际航运和物流枢纽、数字经济发展示范区和先进制造业集聚区。

自2013年建立上海自贸试验区以来，我国已陆续建立18个自贸试验区，加上此次的3个，自贸试验区达到21个。

 

学位论文作假 dissertation fraud

9月22日，教育部发布《关于加快新时代研究生教育改革发展的意见》，要求抓住课程学习、实习实践、学位论文开题、中期考核、论文评阅和答辩、学位评定等关键环节，杜绝学位“注水”。

Postgraduate students who commit fraud in their graduation dissertations or theses will be recorded in the national social credit system, a new guideline said on Tuesday. The guideline, jointly issued by the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance, asked universities and research institutes to intensify their efforts to crack down on academic misconduct.
教育部、国家发展改革委员会以及财政部联合发布的意见要求高校及研究机构加大对学术不端行为的打击力度，并提出，研究生学位论文作假行为将被纳入全国信用信息共享平台。

【单词讲解】

首先说明一点，这里的theses是thesis一词的复数形式。接着我们说一说大学里的各种“论文”。Paper可以指课程论文，或某个具体研究在会议或者期刊上发表的论文，如term paper（学期论文）, course paper（课程论文）, research paper（研究论文）。Essay的含义较广，既可指几千字的短篇论文，也可以指散文或者杂文。

学位论文的用词在英式英语和美式英语中截然不同：英式英语里，本科和硕士论文都叫dissertation，博士论文叫thesis；而美式英语则完全反过来，本科和硕士论文叫thesis，博士论文叫dissertation。

 

“学术不端”（academic misconduct）的一般性界定为：高等学校及其教学科研人员、管理人员和学生，在科学研究及相关活动中发生的违反公认的学术准则、违背学术诚信的行为。

2016年，教育部发布《高等学校预防与处理学术不端行为办法》，第一次以部门规章的形式对高等学校预防与处理学术不端行为做出规定。

《办法》中明确的六种“学术不端”情形包括：剽窃、抄袭、侵占他人学术成果（plagiarism），篡改他人研究成果（fabrication or alteration of research results），伪造数据或捏造事实（data falsification），不当署名（inappropriate authorship），提供虚假学术信息（providing false or misleading information），买卖或代写论文（academic paper selling or ghostwriting）等。同时授权高等学校可以结合学校实际，自行规定六类之外的学术不端情形。

 

意见提出，将从教、学、评、管四方面杜绝学位“注水”。

Education authorities should increase the percentage of students going through random dissertation inspection, and should revoke the accreditation of disciplines that fail to ensure the quality of such works, it said.
扩大学位论文抽检比例，对无法保证质量的学科或专业学位类别，撤销学位授权。

It also asked universities and research institutes to impose stricter evaluation standards for supervisors, including their work ethic, academic performance and efforts in supervising students.
高校和研究机构要严格导师选聘标准，将师德师风、学术水平、指导精力投入等纳入导师评价考核体系。

Academic integrity should be an important part of postgraduate education and training for supervisors, and dissertation writing guidance should be compulsory for all students, the guideline said.
将学术诚信作为导师培训和研究生培养的重要内容，把论文写作指导课程作为必修课。