2020年11月新闻热词汇总

进口冷链食品 imported cold-chain food

国务院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情联防联控机制11月9日向全国印发《进口冷链食品预防性全面消毒工作方案》。

China is doubling down on efforts to stem the transmission of the novel coronavirus through imported cold-chain products, requiring thorough disinfection of such shipments before they come into contact with domestic workers.
中国加大力度防范新冠病毒通过进口冷链食品传播，要求在进口冷链食品首次与我境内人员接触前实施预防性全面消毒处理。

【单词讲解】

这里的double down最初见于纸牌类赌博游戏，指的是玩家认为自己手里的牌好，所以“加倍下注”，后来这个短语就用来表示“冒风险做某事”。到了21世纪，这个短语的含义继续拓展，多用于商业、媒体、时政等领域，表示to work twice as hard，即“加大力度做某事”，常用的搭配是double down on something，比如：Fox is doubling down on its marketing efforts to give the movie a big boost.（福克斯正在加大市场推广力度，强推这部影片）。当然了，用在负面信息的语境中也是可以的，比如：Instead of learning from his mistakes, he's doubling down.（他没有从错误中吸取教训，而是开始变本加厉）。

方案要求，在确保进口冷链食品安全的同时，提升口岸通关效率（improve customs clearance efficiency ），避免货物积压滞港（avoid overstocking），保障产业链供应链稳定（ensure the stability of the industrial and supply chain）。

口岸环节

For imported cold-chain foods that test negative for the virus, the interiors of cold chain vans and the outer packaging of the foods should be disinfected before being transported. The foods that test positive for COVID-19 will be returned or destroyed.
病毒检测结果为阴性的进口冷链食品，对进口冷链食品的集装箱内壁、货物外包装实施消毒。检测结果为阳性的，按规定作退运或销毁处理。

冷链运输和出入库环节

The plan requires cold-chain logistics firms to strictly check customs clearance documents for imported cold-chain foods and disinfect vehicles, ships, and other transportation equipment. Workers who have direct contact with the foods should take protective measures.
冷链物流企业严格查验海关通关单证，落实运输车辆船舶等装载运输装备消毒、一线工作人员个人防护等措施。

Cold storages should keep records of imported cold-chain foods coming in and out, and the records should be kept for at least two years, read the plan.
冷库接受进口冷链食品时，做好货物的出入库记录，相关资料和记录应至少留存2年。

市场环节

Sellers of imported cold-chain foods must present disinfection certificates before their products are allowed to enter the market, according to the document.
加强进口冷链食品是否消毒的相关证明查验工作，防止未经过预防性全面消毒处理的进口冷链食品进入市场。

Efforts should go into ensuring all the imported cold-chain foods entering the market are traceable, the plan said.
做到所有进入市场的进口冷链食品来源可查、去向可追。

载人潜水器 manned submersible

China's deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe, or Striver, set a national diving record of 10,909 meters on Tuesday in the Challenger Deep, a 11,000-meter chasm located at the bottom of the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean, according to the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering under the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所的消息显示，中国深海载人潜水器“奋斗者”号11月10日在西太平洋马里亚纳海沟最深处成功下潜至10909米，创下国内新纪录。被称为“挑战者深渊”的马里亚纳海沟最深处深度为11000米。

【知识点】

所谓坐底，是在综合考虑潜水器速度、姿态和海底地质情况下，让潜水器人为地在海底着陆（land at the seabed）。

在载人潜水器（manned submersible）方面，我国先后研制了“蛟龙”号、“深海勇士”号，“奋斗者”号是我国新一代载人潜水器。此外，我国还有“海斗”号、“海燕”号和“海翼”号等无人潜水器（unmanned submersible）。

与其相关的“深潜技术”（deep-dive technology），指在深海环境利用深潜器（deep-diving submersible）进行水下考察（underwater exploration）、海底勘探（seabed exploration）、海底开发和打捞（seabed development and salvage）、救生（rescue）等任务的技术。

The world's current deepest diving manned submersible is DSV Limiting Factor, which reached 10,927 meters last year.
目前，世界上下潜最深的潜水器是“深潜限制因子”号，去年曾下潜至10927米的深度。

本次海试任务采用了“双船”保障模式。

The submersible, together with the mother ships Exploration 1 and Exploration 2, set off from Sanya, Hainan province, for the 10,000-meter-deep-sea diving operation on Oct 10.
10月10日，“奋斗者”号与“探索一号”“探索二号”母船一起，从海南三亚启程开展万米级海试。

The submersible first broke the 10,000-meter milestone by descending to 10,058 meters at the bottom of the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean on Oct 27.
10月27日，“奋斗者”号在西太平洋马里亚纳海沟首次成功下潜突破1万米，达10058米。

研究生导师指导行为准则 code of conduct for postgraduates' supervisors

教育部日前印发《研究生导师指导行为准则》，明确提出“十不得”，为导师指导行为划定基本底线。

Supervisors shoulder the primary responsibility in cultivating postgraduate students and the important task of nurturing high-end and innovative talent, the Ministry of Education said.
教育部指出，研究生导师是研究生培养的第一责任人，肩负着为国家培养高层次创新人才的重要使命。

【单词讲解】

这里的supervisor就是在研究生阶段对学生提供选题指导、学术专业培养、论文指导等专业支持的“导师”；在职场，这个词多用来指某个部门或机构的“主管”。在教育领域，还有几个跟老师相关的词，这里也简单介绍一下：tutor多指“一对一指导教师”，我们常说的“家教”就可以用这个词表示；mentor一般也翻译为“导师、顾问”，不过这个词更强调“师徒传承”这层意思，除了专业方面的指导以外，也会在精神成长方面有引领作用，所以有时候也会称为“人生导师”。

准则提出的“十不得”要求为：

should not present speeches or actions that go against the Party's theories and policies, violate State laws and regulations, damage the image of the Party and the State, or deviate from the core socialist values.
不得有违背党的理论和路线方针政策、违反国家法律法规、损害党和国家形象、背离社会主义核心价值观的言行；

should not organize or participate in any activity that may compromise the fairness and impartiality of examination and admissions
不得组织或参与任何有可能损害考试招生公平公正的活动；

should not neglect to supervise and advise graduate students on their academic progress and the academic problems they face
不得对研究生的学业进程及面临的学业问题疏于监督和指导；

should not ask students to do things irrelevant to their academic study, scientific research and social service
不得要求研究生从事与学业、科研、社会服务无关的事务；

should not purposely delay students' graduation
不得违规随意拖延研究生毕业时间；

should not violate the academic standards or harm the academic research rights and interests of graduate students
不得有违反学术规范、损害研究生学术科研权益等行为；

should not submit dissertations that do not meet academic standards and quality requirements for review and defense
不得将不符合学术规范和质量要求的学位论文提交评审和答辩；

should not make misrepresentation, fraudulent claim, or misappropriation of research funds or other expenses in the name of graduate students
不得以研究生名义虚报、冒领、挪用、侵占科研经费或其他费用；

should not humiliate students
不得侮辱研究生人格；

should not have inappropriate relationships with students
不得与研究生发生不正当关系。

准则强调，对违反准则的导师，培养单位要依规采取约谈、限招（limit the number of students they can supervise）、停招直至取消导师资格（disqualify them from supervising any students）等处理措施；对情节严重、影响恶劣的，一经查实，要坚决清除出教师队伍（be banned from teaching）；涉嫌违法犯罪的移送司法机关处理（transferred to judicial authorities）。

冬季疫情防控 epidemic prevention and control in the winter

国家卫健委副主任李斌在新闻发布会上表示，目前全球疫情加速蔓延，我国面临境外输入病例导致本地传播风险增大。

China is likely to see sporadic outbreaks of scattered infections throughout the winter and to experience regional outbreaks. To tackle the risks, the country will carry out a public health and hygiene campaign in the coming seasons to help prevent COVID-19 and other seasonal infectious diseases, Li said at a press briefing.
李斌表示，今冬我国将处于疫情零星散发状态，局部地区可能发生聚集性疫情。为了应对这些风险，我国将在冬春季开展公共卫生专项行动，防止新冠肺炎以及其他季节性传染病的传播。

【单词讲解】

这里的sporadic是形容词，表示“happening sometimes; not regular or continuous”，即“偶尔发生的；不规律、不连续的”，与occasional意思接近，不过sporadic的意思要比occasional略广，它既可以表示“零星的”，也可以表示“偶然的，不规律的”，但occasional通常只用来表示“偶然的，不规律的”。比如：His job requires occasional trips to the West Coast.这句话中的occasional就可以用sporadic来替换，但是表达“零星的病例”sporadic outbreaks的时候，我们通常不会用occasional来替换。

面对这一形势，流感疫苗接种、冷链食品进口、跨境活动怎样更精准地“防”？

流感疫苗接种

China's flu vaccine production this year has doubled compared with last year, reaching a five-year high.
今年国家流感疫苗生产和去年相比翻了一番，产量是近五年来最多的一年。

About 25 million doses of flu vaccines had been used nationwide to vaccinate people by Nov 9, which is almost equal to last year's total.
截至11月9日，全国流感疫苗接种量约2500万剂，已经接近去年的接种量。

加强检测、消杀

The National Health Commission will intensify nucleic acid tests on staff at quarantine sites, workers involved in handling cold-chain imports and other imported goods, in tandem with regular tests on high-risk groups, including close contacts of confirmed cases, incoming passengers and people with a fever.
在继续做好针对密接人群、入境旅客以及发热人员等高风险人群常规检测的同时，国家卫健委将加大对隔离场所工作人员、进口冷链食品及进口货物接触人员的核酸检测力度。

In addition, tests on environmental samples taken from medical institutions, agricultural markets and cold-chain facilities will be stepped up, he said, adding that comprehensive disinfection on imported cold products will be enforced.
进一步开展医疗机构、农贸市场、冷链食品相关环境等的核酸检测，加强对进口冷链产品的全面消毒。

Virus control measures at key venues deemed at higher risk of the virus's spread, including schools, nursing homes and charity facilities for people with disabilities, should be strengthened to stamp out potential infection clusters.
聚焦学校、养老和残疾人福利等病毒传播高风险场所，落实疫情防控的相关制度和措施，严防聚集性疫情发生。

跨境活动谨慎安排

"We do not recommend people touring abroad. For those who have to go abroad for humanitarian purposes or other reasons, it is important for them to take good self-protective measures and have full knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control policies at their countries of destination", Luo Zhaohui, vice-foreign minister, said at a news conference.
外交部副部长罗照辉表示，不主张大家出国旅行旅游。由于一些人道主义或不得已的原因必须要出国的，做好防护，充分了解目的地国防疫政策，这一点非常重要。

Li said control and prevention efforts will only be strengthened due to higher risks of imported infections during the winter, which is also a peak season for other respiratory infections.
李斌表示，冬季病毒输入风险更高，同时也是其他呼吸道疾病高发期，疫情防控举措只会更严格。

区域全面经济伙伴关系协定 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

After eight years of negotiations, 15 Asia-Pacific countries signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on Nov 15, the world's biggest trade pact. The agreement involves all 10 member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and five of its major trading partners－China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand.
经过八年谈判，亚太地区15个国家于11月15日签署《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）。该协定是全球最大的贸易协定，参与国家包括东盟十国及其五个主要贸易伙伴：中国、日本、韩国、澳大利亚及新西兰。

出售荣耀 Honor brand sold

11月17日，多家企业在《深圳特区报》发布联合声明，深圳市智信新信息技术有限公司已与华为投资控股有限公司签署了收购协议，完成对荣耀品牌相关业务资产的全面收购。出售后，华为不再持有新荣耀公司的任何股份。

Over 30 agents and dealers of Huawei's Honor brand have acquired all business assets of the budget cellphone brand, according to the joint statement.
联合声明指出，30余家荣耀代理商、经销商完成对荣耀品牌相关业务资产的全面收购。荣耀是华为旗下一款经济型手机品牌。

【单词讲解】

这里的budget cellphone中的budget跟航空领域的budget airlines的用法一样，都是形容词，表示“价格低廉的，花钱少的”。Budget更常见的用法是名词或动词，表示“预算”或“做预算、规划”，比如government budget（政府预算），a weekly budget for a family of five（五口之家一周的花销预算）；budget your time wisely（合理规划你的时间），budget a new hospital（拨出预算建一所新医院）等。

声明指出，

"This acquisition represents a market-driven investment made to save Honor's industry chain. It is the best solution to protect the interests of Honor's consumers, channel sellers, suppliers, partners and employees," according to the joint statement.
此次收购既是荣耀相关产业链发起的一场自救和市场化投资，能最大化地保障消费者、渠道、供应商、合作伙伴及员工的利益。

The acquisition is a multi-win move for the industry, says the statement, adding that all shareholders of the new Honor company will fully support the development of the Honor brand, enabling it to leverage the industry's advantages in resources, brands, production, channels, and services, and more effectively compete in the marketplace.
此次收购更是一次产业互补，全体股东将全力支持新荣耀，让新荣耀在资源、品牌、生产、渠道、服务等方面汲取各方优势，更高效地参与到市场竞争中。

The change in ownership will not impact Honor's development direction or the stability of its executive and talent teams, allowing the company to continuously consolidate its foundation for success, says the statement.
所有权的变化不会影响荣耀发展的方向，荣耀高层及团队将保持稳定，继续夯实荣耀成功的基石。

荣耀品牌诞生于2013年，始终面向年轻人，坚持中低端价位，七年间发展成为年出货量超七千万部（annual shipments of over 70 million）的互联网手机品牌。

5G连接数 5G connections

5G connections in China are expected to reach 200 million by the end of 2020, contributing to more than 85 percent of the global total, according to a recent analysis by GSMA, an international association of mobile operators.
全球移动通信系统协会（GSMA）近期分析显示，中国的5G连接数预计在2020年将达到2亿，占全球5G连接总数85%以上。

【知识点】

5G（5th generation mobile communication technology），即第五代移动通信技术，将提升移动网络的作用，不仅让人与人之间互联，更让机器、物体和终端之间互联互控。

5G是一个全新的通讯技术，具有高速率（high data rate）、大容量（high capacity）、低时延（short latency）的特性，这使得5G技术在物联网（Internet of Things）、智慧家居（smart home）、远程服务（remote service）、外场支援（field support）、虚拟现实（virtual reality）、增强现实（augmented reality）等领域有了新的应用。

分析指出，

As of September, 107 carriers have commercialized 5G networks in 47 countries and regions. It is expected that 149 carriers will commercialize 5G networks in 57 countries and regions by the end of 2020.
截至2020年9月，已有107家运营商在47个国家和地区商用5G网络。预计2020年底，将有149家运营商在57个国家和地区商用5G网络。

By the end of 2025, 410 carriers are expected to commercialize 5G networks in 123 countries and regions.
预计2025年底，将有410家运营商在123个国家和地区商用5G网络。

2019年10月31日，三大运营商公布5G商用套餐（5G data plans），并于11月1日正式上线，标志着中国正式进入5G商用时代。

数据显示，截至9月底，中国5G基站（5G base station）累计超过69万个，基本实现地市级5G覆盖，今年50万个5G基站的建设目标提前完成，5G累计终端连接数已超过1.6亿。

5G technologies have been utilized in more than 20 industries including marine, power grids, healthcare and manufacturing.
5G技术已被应用于海洋、电力网络、医疗及制造等20多个行业。

By the end of September, China's three major telecom operators had launched more than 5,000 innovation projects and signed around 1,000 5G business contracts.
截至9月底，三大运营商已推出5000余个创新工程，签署了约1000个5G商业合约。