2021年8月新闻热词汇总

教师轮岗 rotation program for teachers

北京市委教育工委副书记、市教委新闻发言人李奕8月25日在北京市教育“双减”工作新闻发布会上介绍，在新学期北京将大比例促进干部教师轮岗交流。

Primary and middle school teachers in Beijing's public school system will be required to take part in rotation programs to further improve education equity and quality in the city.
北京市公办中小学教师都将参加轮岗项目，促进教育优质均衡。

【词汇讲解】

这里的rotation来自于动词rotate，表示“旋转；轮换、轮流”等意思，比如：The Earth rotates on its axis（地球绕着地轴旋转），rotate crops/crop rotation（农作物轮作）， Rotating Presidency of UN Security Council（联合国安理会轮值主席国）等，在rotation program里，rotation主要强调“the act of different people doing the same job at different times”（在不同时间段由不同的人从事同一个岗位的工作），也就是我们这里说的“轮岗”。

交流轮岗的对象是谁？

Teachers and principals who have worked at the same school for more than six years will be asked to shift to another school and share their knowledge and experience with new colleagues and students. Educators who are more than five years away from retirement are eligible for the program.
凡是距离退休时间超过5年的，并且在同一所学校任职满6年的教师和校长均应进行交流轮岗，到其他学校与师生分享经验和知识。

交流的形式有哪些？

The rotation programs will be carried out in different ways based on participants' positions in which principals will rotate within the district, outstanding teachers equally distributed, and average teachers rotate on assigned jobs.
交流的形式包括区域内校长交流轮换、骨干教师均衡配置、普通教师派位轮岗等。

Districts with weak teaching talent can get better support via methods such as dual-teacher classes during the program.
通过双师课堂等方式为师资薄弱的地区提供更多支持。

如何做好保障？

The new policy provides incentives for qualified educators to move, such as higher pay and rotation participation being taken into account when promotion is considered.
新政策为参与轮岗的干部教师提供激励措施，比如绩效工资适当倾斜，晋升时将参与轮岗作为评选条件等。

北京校长教师轮岗第一批试点区为东城区、密云区。

Education authorities in Dongcheng district said all eligible teachers in the district would take part in rotations over the next three years. Officials in Miyun district have also announced that they have arranged for 50 educators to take part in rotations this year.
东城区教育管理部门表示，未来三年，区内所有符合条件的教师都将参加轮岗。密云区宣布，今年已安排50人参加轮岗。

全国国土调查 national land resource survey

国务院第三次全国国土调查领导小组办公室、自然资源部、国家统计局发布《第三次全国国土调查主要数据公报》。

China now has a total area of 23.46 million hectares of wetlands, of which mangrove forests account for 27,100, according to the third national land resource survey.
第三次全国国土调查数据显示，我国现有湿地2346万公顷，其中，红树林地2.71万公顷。

【知识点】

第三次全国国土调查（the third national land resource survey）以2019年12月31日为标准时点，全面查清了全国国土利用状况，建立了覆盖国家、省、地、县四级的国土调查数据库。全面掌握了耕地（farmland）、园地（garden land）、林地（forest）、草地（grassland）、湿地（wetland）、城镇村及工矿用地（land for urban, rural, industrial and mining activities）、交通运输用地（land used for transport system）、水域及水利设施用地（land used for water and water conservancy facilities）等全国主要地类数据。其中，湿地是第三次全国国土调查新增的一级地类。

调查数据显示：

Forest area in China surged from 253.95 million hectares in 2009 to the current 284.12 million hectares.
我国林地面积从2009年的25395万公顷增加到现在的28412万公顷。

During the period, farmland area witnessed a slight drop from 135.38 million hectares to 127.86 million hectares.
在此期间，耕地面积出现轻微下降，由2009年的13538万公顷减少到现在的12786万公顷。

自然资源部副部长王广华介绍：

It mainly resulted from structural adjustments in the agriculture industry and the country's greening project.
耕地地类减少的主要原因是农业结构调整和国土绿化。

The decline of farmland will not bring any effect to the country's food security, as the current area of farmland is safely above the 124-million-hectare line set for cultivated land.
耕地面积减少不会对我国的粮食安全带来任何影响，因为现有耕地面积已超出了此前设定的12400万公顷耕地保有量目标。

东京残奥会 2020 Tokyo Paralympics

8月29日，中国军团在东京残奥会上成绩亮眼。

China's Paralympians continued their gold rush at Tokyo 2020, pocketing 16 more golds on Sunday and keeping the country atop the medal standings with 46 golds and 104 medals in total.
东京残奥会中国代表团继续夺金之旅，8月29日当天收获16枚金牌，以46枚金牌和104枚奖牌的成绩继续位列金牌榜和奖牌榜榜首。

【词汇讲解】

Pocket这个词我们最熟悉的用法是衣服的“口袋，兜”，coat pocket，如果说someone has a deep pocket，我们就可以理解为“某人很有钱”，当然，我们也可以说a corporation with deep pockets（某个集团资金实力雄厚）。但是在本文的语境中，pocket用作动词，表示to put in one's pocket，即“收入囊中”，比如：pocket the change（把找零装在兜里）。此外，我们还可以用wrap，bag等词来表示将金牌“收入囊中”这个说法。比如：China bagged women's gymnastics all-around gold and silver at the Asian Games.（中国队包揽了亚运会女子体操全能项目的金银牌）。

女子50米自由泳S11级决赛当日重赛

In a re-swim of the women's 50m freestyle S11 swimming final on Sunday night, China's Ma Jia took gold and set a new world record of 29.20 seconds. Compatriot Li Guizhi took silver.
当晚的女子50米自由泳S11级决赛重赛中，中国选手马佳夺冠，并创造了29秒20的新世界纪录，她的队友李桂芝获得亚军。

此前，8月27日，东京残奥会女子50米自由泳S11级决赛中，中国选手马佳和李桂芝包揽金银牌，马佳还打破了世界纪录。但随后传来消息称，中国选手金银牌被取消，该项目于29日重赛。

"We were a little surprised that night when we were told of a re-swim," said Ma. "But I don't think there was a lot of pressure. It's just another race, just put your all into it."
马佳表示：“当晚听说要重赛，我们都有点意外。不过，我没觉得有很大压力，就是重新比一次而已，全力以赴就可以了。”

The re-swim came after a statement by International Paralympic Committee spokesman Craig Spence, who said that there had been an appeal after Friday's race, during which "the Chinese athlete in lane five [Li Guizhi] and the Dutch athlete in lane six [Liesette Bruinsma] unintentionally came into contact with each other."
对于重赛的决定，国际残奥委会发言人克莱格·斯宾塞表示，27日的比赛后收到申诉，称比赛中“第五道的中国运动员（李桂芝）和第六道的荷兰运动员（利塞特·布鲁斯曼）发生了无意识的接触”。

Following a review by the jury of appeal, it was decided that the race should be re-swum.
经申诉委员会评议后，决定该项比赛进行重赛。

其他项目亮点频出

During the women's singles class 8 table tennis final, China's Mao Jingdian won 3-1 against her teammate Huang Wenjuan, dominating the event with her third straight gold medals.
乒乓球女单8级决赛，中国选手茅经典和黄文娟打成3比1，分获冠亚军，茅经典实现了该项目三连冠。

On the tennis court, Chinese athletes pocketed five of the eight golds up for grabs on Sunday.
当日的网球八个夺牌项目比赛中，中国选手将5枚金牌收入囊中。

In the women's 200m T35 final, Chinese sprinter Zhou Xia backed up her 100m victory by winning gold in a world record time of 27.17 seconds.
中国名将周霞以27秒17卫冕女子200米T35级，创造了新的世界纪录，本届残奥会，周霞在女子100米、200米T35级比赛中实现双卫冕。

网络游戏 online games

近日，国家新闻出版署下发《关于进一步严格管理 切实防止未成年人沉迷网络游戏的通知》，针对未成年人过度使用甚至沉迷网络游戏问题，进一步严格管理措施。

The notice requires online game companies to allow minors to play only from 8 pm to 9 pm on Fridays, weekends and official holidays, with no access permitted at other times.
通知要求，所有网络游戏企业仅可在周五、周六、周日和法定节假日每日20时至21时向未成年人提供1小时服务，其他时间均不得以任何形式向未成年人提供网络游戏服务。

【单词讲解】

Minor这个词用法很多，可以用作动词、名词和形容词。在法律上，minor指未满18岁的人，即“未成年人”。在学校里，minor可以指“辅修（课程）”或者“辅修生”，与major（专业）相对，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.（我辅修计算机科学。）用作形容词的时候，minor也是与major相对的，表示“次要的、轻微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.（她在电影里扮演过一些小角色。）

Underage和minor都表示“未成年”，二者的区别在于，underage是形容词，表示“is legally too young to do something”，也就是“未到法定年龄的”，比如：underage youth（未成年人）、underage drinking（未成年人饮酒行为）等；而minor是名词，与adult相对，大家应该都很熟悉了，比如：cigarette sales to minors are not allowed（禁止向未成年人销售香烟）。

为何严格限制未成年人网络游戏时间？

2019年国家新闻出版署《关于防止未成年人沉迷网络游戏的通知》规定：

Online game companies could provide no more than one and a half hours of service to minors on ordinary days, with the limit set at no more than three hours on official holidays.
网络游戏企业向未成年人提供游戏服务的时长，法定节假日每日累计不得超过3小时，其他时间每日累计不得超过1.5小时。

对此不少家长反映该标准仍较宽松，建议从严压缩。

Allowing less time for online games will help guide minors to physical exercise and social activities that are better for study and health, the administration said.
此次通知进一步压缩网络游戏时间，将引导未成年人积极参与体育锻炼、社会实践等健康有益的活动。

We leave some time for minors to play online games because some teachers and parents said that they understand and accept minors' moderate exposure to the games, especially healthy ones including sports games, programming and chess.
之所以留有少量时间向未成年人开放，主要是部分老师和家长反映，适度接触游戏是可以理解和接受的，特别是一些运动类游戏以及编程、象棋、围棋等游戏形式，对青少年健康成长具有积极作用。

通知提出的其他要求还包括：

It also urged the strict implementation of real-name registration and logins, saying that online game providers must not provide any form of game service to users who fail to register and log in using their real identifications.
严格落实网络游戏用户账号实名注册和登录要求，不得以任何形式向未实名注册和登录的用户提供游戏服务。

Press and publication administrations at all levels have been asked to supervise the implementation of related measures and deal with companies that fail to put measures in place.
各级出版管理部门要加强对有关措施落实情况的监督检查，对未严格落实的网络游戏企业，依法依规严肃处理。

针对未成年人沉迷网络等问题，今年6月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》作出规定：

Internet product and service providers shall not offer minors with products and services that induce addiction, says the revision.
网络产品和服务提供者不得向未成年人提供诱导其沉迷的产品和服务。

Providers of online services, including game, livestream, audio and video, and social media, shall set up corresponding functions such as time limit, authorization and consumption limit for minors, according to the revision.
网络游戏、网络直播、网络音视频、网络社交等网络服务提供者应当针对未成年人使用其服务设置相应的时间管理、权限管理、消费管理等功能。

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）