两会前瞻：这十个经济热词值得关注

2018年全年国内生产总值900309亿元，按可比价格计算，比上年增长6.6%，实现了6.5%左右的预期发展目标。2019年是新中国成立70周年，是决胜全面建成小康社会第一个百年奋斗目标的关键之年。

今年全国两会期间，以下这些经济领域热词或将成为代表委员们热议的话题。

GDP growth 国内生产总值增长

As an overall indicator of economic expansion, China's GDP growth target has been set unchanged at around 6.5 percent for two consecutive years from 2017 to 2018. On the provincial level, the majority of China's local governments have lowered the number this year, while over ten provincial regions set the target within a range.
作为经济增长的总体指标，中国的国内生产总值增长目标从2017年到2018年已经连续两年保持在6.5%。在省一级的层面，大部分省份都降低了今年的增长预期，有10多个省将增长目标设定在一个区间内。

【相关词汇】

经济状况 economic situation

GDP核算 GDP calculation

核心指标 core indicator

高质量发展 high-quality development

工业产出 industrial output

增长质量 growth quality

Fiscal deficit 财政赤字

China lowered its 2018 fiscal deficit target, one major part of fiscal policy, to 2.6 percent of its GDP, down from the 3-percent level in 2016 and 2017. The government has vowed to maintain a proactive fiscal policy and further expand issuance of special-purpose local government bonds.
财政赤字是财政政策的重要组成部分，2018年我国的财政赤字目标由2016和2017年占GDP3%下调为2.6%。中央政府已经宣布要保持积极的财政政策，进一步增发地方政府专项债券。

【相关词汇】

税收激励 tax incentive

减税降费 cut taxes and administrative fees

房产税 property tax

免税 tax exemption

Tax reduction 减税

China has been committed to cutting taxes and fees for enterprises and employees in recent years in a bid to boost investment and consumption. Total taxes and fee cuts reached about 1.3 trillion yuan last year.
近几年，我国一直致力于对企业和个人减税降费，以促进投资和消费。去年减税降费总额达1.3万亿元。

【相关词汇】

增值税 value-added tax

企业所得税 enterprise income tax

免税 tax exemption

减税 tax reduction, tax cut

收入分配 distribution of income

避税地 tax haven

Monetary stance 货币政策

The annual Central Economic Work Conference said China will keep the prudent monetary policy "neither too tight nor too loose" this year while maintaining market liquidity at a reasonably ample level.
中央经济工作会议表示，今年我国将继续保持审慎的货币政策，要松紧适度，保持流动性合理充裕。

【相关词汇】

定向降准 targeted RRR cut

注入流动性 inject liquidity

货币政策工具 monetary policy tools

公开市场操作 open market operation, OMO

逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement, reverse repo

Job creation 创造就业

Employment comes first in the six fields the country aims to stabilize in 2019. China first set the goal of surveyed urban unemployment rate in government work report in 2018. Over 13 million urban jobs were created last year, beating the official target of 11 million.
稳就业是我国2019年做好“六稳”工作的首要任务。2018年政府工作报告中首次设定了城镇调查失业率的目标。去年共创造城镇就业岗位1300万个，超出了官方设定的1100万目标。

【相关词汇】

大众创业、万众创新 mass entrepreneurship and innovation

就业创业 employment and entrepreneurship

慢就业 delayed employment

自由职业者 freelancer

自主创业 self-employment

就业压力 employment pressure

Poverty alleviation 扶贫

As one of the country's "three tough battles," reducing poverty is expected to accelerate this year to achieve the goal of lifting all its rural residents living below current poverty line out of poverty and eliminate poverty in all poor counties and regions by 2020. China still had 16.6 million poor people by the end of 2018.
作为“三大攻坚战”之一，今年的扶贫步伐或将加快，以实现到2020年确保现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫、贫困县全部摘帽的目标。截止2018年底，我国还有1660万贫困人口。

【相关词汇】

精准扶贫 targeted poverty alleviation

强制式扶贫 compulsory poverty relief

脱贫 get out of poverty/get rid of poverty/be lifted out of poverty

贫困线 poverty threshold/poverty line/poverty limit

易地扶贫搬迁 relocating the poor

扶贫基金 poverty alleviation funds

开发式扶贫 development-orientated poverty reduction