登珠峰遭遇“交通拥堵”致多名登山者丧生 More than 10 climbers died on Mount Qomolangma amid overcrowding concerns

见过排队逛世园会，排队进迪士尼乐园，但你见过排队登顶珠穆朗玛峰吗？

这张照片拍摄于世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰上，图中300多名登山客在海拔8000米、有着“死亡区”之称的地带排队等待登顶。

这张照片引人震惊的同时也让不少网友发出呼声：或许珠峰也需要装上红绿灯了。

据尼泊尔最大的英文媒体Himalayan Times报道，今年春天以来，随着天气转暖，涌现了大量的登山者，导致登顶路线拥堵，目前已有14人在拥堵期间丧命。

Kevin Hynes, 56, from Ireland, died in his tent at 7,000 meters early on Friday, having turned back before reaching the summit. The father of two was part of a group from the UK-based 360 Expeditions.

来自爱尔兰的56岁男子凯文·海因斯于上周五凌晨在海拔7000米高的帐篷中去世，他在到达峰顶前折返。这位两个孩子的父亲是英国360探险公司团队的一员。

The climbing company said: “It is with the greatest sadness that we have to confirm that one of our Mount Qomolangma team has passed away. Kevin was one of the strongest and most experienced climbers on our team, and had previously summited Mount Qomolangma South and Lhotse.”

这家登山公司表示：“我们非常悲痛地确认，我们的珠穆朗玛峰登山队成员之一已经去世。凯文是我们队里最强壮、最有经验的攀登者之一，并曾登顶珠穆朗玛峰南坡和洛子峰。

Hynes had been accompanied by an experienced Sherpa, who had himself climbed to the summit of Mount Qomolangma South twice, Mount Qomolangma North and Makalu twice, according to 360 Expeditions.

公司表示，一位经验丰富的夏尔巴人陪同海因斯登山，这位夏尔巴人曾两次亲自登顶珠峰南坡，并曾两次登顶珠峰北坡和马卡鲁峰。

Sherpa：n.夏尔巴人（散居在喜马拉雅山两侧，主要在尼泊尔，少数散居于中国、印度和不丹）

His death came a week after the Trinity College professor Seamus Lawless, from County Wicklow, fell during the descent after achieving a lifetime ambition of reaching the summit.

一周前，来自爱尔兰威克洛郡的剑桥大学三一学院教授西莫·劳利斯在下山途中坠落，此前他实现了登顶珠峰的毕生抱负。

另据英国广播公司报道， 仅23日就有3名登山者在珠峰丧生，他们分别是55岁美国男子卡什（Donald Lynn Cash），52岁的印度人达斯（Kalpana Das）和27岁的印度人巴格万（Nihal Bagwan）。

Overcrowding and safety have been a growing cause for concern in recent years, not least since the emergence of cut-price Nepali trekking companies that offer Mount Qomolangma packages for half the price of trips organized by foreign companies.

近年来，过度拥挤和安全问题日益引起人们的担忧，尤其是在尼泊尔出现降价登山公司之后，这些公司提供的登峰套餐价格只有外国公司攀登活动的一半。

The deaths occurred despite Nepal’s tourism authorities instituting, but not implementing, plans to timetable ascents to avoid congestion.

尽管尼泊尔旅游部门为了避免拥挤制定了攀登时间计划，但没有实施，最终导致了死亡事件。

珠峰因何如此“拥挤”？

如果你想象珠穆朗玛峰峰顶的景象，也许脑海中出现的是一座远离尘嚣的静谧雪峰。然而实际情况可能是摩肩接踵，人满为患。

This season’s summit crowds – the worst since 2012 – had been exacerbated by unsettled weather which meant there had been only five possible summit days in May so far, compared with between seven and 12 in recent years. This had caused hundreds of climbers to converge on several notorious sections where they can only pass one at a time.

今年的峰顶拥挤是2012年以来最糟糕的，而不稳定的天气加剧了这一情况，到目前为止，今年5月只有5天适宜登顶，而在近些年，这一天数在7到12天之间。这导致数百名登山者聚集在几个以拥挤著称的路段，一次只能通过一人。

排长队“很常见”

向导说，登山季节经常发生排长队的情况。

"It's normally that crowded," says Mingma Sherpa, chairman of Seven Summits Treks, adding that climbers sometimes queue between 20 minutes, and 1.5 hours, in order to reach the summit.

“七峰之旅”的董事长夏尔巴人明马说：“拥挤的情况很常见”。为了登顶，登山者有时要排队等候20分钟至1个半小时。

It often depends on how long the window for suitable climbing weather is.

通常这要看适合登山的天气能持续多长时间。

"If there's one week [of safe weather], then the summit isn't crowded. But sometimes, when there's only a window of two or three days, it gets very crowded" as all the climbers try to reach the summit at the same time, Mingma Sherpa tells the BBC.

明马告诉英国广播公司说：“如果适宜天气有一周之久，人流就比较分散，但有时候登山窗口期只有两三天，就会十分拥挤”，因为都想同时上山。

“大塞车”为哪般

Experts say crowds at Mount Qomolangma have also increased in recent years because expeditions have become more popular.

专家认为近年来攀登珠峰的人群增加，是因为探险活动日趋流行。

Nepal has issued 381 permits at $11,000 each for the spring climbing season at the world's highest peak.

在春季的登山高峰期，尼泊尔已经发放了381张许可证，每张证11000美元（约合人民币75900元）。

Andrea Ursina Zimmerman, an expedition guide who reached Mount Qomolangma's peak in 2016, says that many "traffic jams" are caused by unprepared climbers who "do not have the physical condition" for the journey.

2016年曾登上珠峰山顶的探险向导安德烈娅·尤拉西纳·齐默尔曼说，很多“拥堵”是因为登山者准备不足造成的，他们不具备登山的“身体条件”。

据《纽约时报》报道，导致珠峰拥堵及人员死亡的原因并不是雪崩等自然灾害，而是因为登山的人太多了，而且大部分都是没有经验的新手：

The problem hasn’t been avalanches, blizzards or high winds. Veteran climbers and industry leaders blame having too many people on the mountain, in general, and too many inexperienced climbers, in particular.

导致拥堵的原因不是雪崩、暴雪或者强风。资深登山客以及业内领袖将其归咎于登山的人太多了，而且很多人都是没有经验的登山者。

Fly-by-night adventure companies are taking up untrained climbers who pose a risk to everyone on the mountain. And the Nepalese government, hungry for every climbing dollar it can get, has issued more permits than Qomolangma can safely handle, some experienced mountaineers say.

一些不负责任的探险公司把未经培训的登山者送上山，这些人对大家都会构成威胁。一些资深登山客表示，尼泊尔政府急于从登山项目中牟利，发出的登山许可证数量已超出了珠峰可以承受的范围。

fly-by-night: 不负责任的

上山不易下山难

Norbu Sherpa has reached the summit seven times. He adds that the most dangerous part is often the descent.

夏尔巴人诺布曾7次登上峰顶。他还说最危险的部分往往是下山。

A lot of people push themselves to the summit, but, once they reach it, "lose their motivation and energy on the way down", especially when they realize it's a long, crowded journey.

很多人竭尽全力登上了山顶，但一旦登了顶，“下山时就失去动力和体力了”，特别是他们意识到下山路途遥远且拥挤不堪时。

尼泊尔旅游局否认“过度拥挤”导致死亡发生

Nepal's tourism authority has denied accusations that the rise in Mount Qomolangma deaths is solely due to overcrowding.

尼泊尔旅游局否认了有关珠穆朗玛峰死亡人数上升完全是因为过度拥挤的指责。

The department's director general Dandu Raj Ghimire said other factors including adverse weather conditions had also contributed.

旅游局局长丹杜·拉吉·吉米尔表示，恶劣的天气条件等其他因素也是导致拥挤的原因。

Mr Ghimire said 381 people had ascended Mount Qomolangma this spring but as periods of fine weather had been short, the number of people on the routes had been "higher than expected".

吉米尔表示，今年春天已有381人登上珠穆朗玛峰，但由于好天气持续时间较短，这条线路上的人数“高于预期”。

"The weather has not been very great this climbing season, so when there is a small window when the weather clears up, climbers make the move," Ghimire said.

吉米尔说:“这个登山季节的天气不是很好，所以当天气转晴时，出现短暂的登山窗口期，登山者就会采取行动。”

"On May 22, after several days of bad weather, there was a small window of clear weather, when more than 200 mountaineers ascended Mount Qomolangma. The main cause of deaths on Mount Qomolangma has been high altitude sickness which is what happened with most of the climbers who lost their lives this season as well."

“5月22日那天，在几天恶劣天气过去之后，有几天天气放晴，200多名登山者攀登珠峰。珠峰攀登者死亡的主要原因是高原反应，过去在这个季节登山，大多数死亡的攀登者也是因此丧生。”

high altitude sickness：高原病、高原反应

来源：卫报、BBC、CNN、纽约时报、参考消息网、环球网

翻译&编辑：许雅宁