新修订的《未成年人保护法》为“少年的你”撑好法律“保护伞”

10月17日，新修订的《未成年人保护法》经十三届全国人大常委会第二十二次会议表决通过，自2021年6月1日起施行。

The amended Law on Protection of Minors has almost twice as many clauses as the old version of the law and includes a new chapter on internet protection in a bid to protect those under the age of 18 when they are online.
新修订的《未成年人保护法》比现行法律增加了近一倍条款，并新增“网络保护”章，以保护未成年人网络安全。

【单词讲解】

Minor这个词用法很多，可以用作动词、名词和形容词。在法律上，minor指未满18岁的人，即“未成年人”。在学校里，minor可以指“辅修（课程）”或者“辅修生”，与major（专业）相对，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.（我辅修计算机科学。）用作形容词的时候，minor也是与major相对的，表示“次要的、轻微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.（她在电影里扮演过一些小角色。）

Underage和minor都表示“未成年”，二者的区别在于，underage是形容词，表示“is legally too young to do something”，也就是“未到法定年龄的”，比如：underage youth（未成年人）、underage drinking（未成年人饮酒行为）等；而minor是名词，与adult相对，大家应该都很熟悉了，比如：cigarette sales to minors are not allowed（禁止向未成年人销售香烟）。

针对未成年人沉迷网络等问题，新修订的《未成年人保护法》作出规定：

Internet product and service providers shall not offer minors with products and services that induce addiction, says the revision.
网络产品和服务提供者不得向未成年人提供诱导其沉迷的产品和服务。

Providers of online services, including game, livestream, audio and video, and social media, shall set up corresponding functions such as time limit, authorization and consumption limit for minors, according to the revision.
网络游戏、网络直播、网络音视频、网络社交等网络服务提供者应当针对未成年人使用其服务设置相应的时间管理、权限管理、消费管理等功能。

在应对网络欺凌方面，新修订的《未成年人保护法》作出规定，

The minors under cyberbullying and their parents and guardians have the right to inform the internet service providers to take measures such as deleting, blocking or disconnecting links.
遭受网络欺凌的未成年人及其父母或者其他监护人有权通知网络服务提供者采取删除、屏蔽、断开链接等措施。

【单词讲解】

Cyberbullying（网络欺凌），这个概念指的是人们通过互联网对个人或群体的恶意、重复伤害行为。Bully这个词作名词讲的时候就是指“恶霸，仗势欺人者”，比如：I fell victim to the office bully.（我成了办公室恶霸的欺凌对象），所以，实施网络欺凌的人是cyberbully，实施校园欺凌的人就叫school bully。

Upon receiving the notice, the service provider shall take necessary measures to stop the bullying and prevent the spread of related information, says the revision.
网络服务提供者接到通知后，应当及时采取必要的措施制止网络欺凌行为，防止信息扩散。

向性侵和欺凌说不

The revision also makes provisions on sexual assault and harassment against minors, stipulating that schools and kindergartens shall not conceal such illegal and criminal acts, and shall promptly report to the public security and education authorities, and cooperate with relevant departments according to law.
对性侵害、性骚扰未成年人等违法犯罪行为，学校、幼儿园不得隐瞒，应当及时向公安机关、教育行政部门报告，并配合相关部门依法处理。

The revised law makes it clear that the country should establish a database of offenders who sexually assault, abuse, abduct or violently harm children and share the information with facilities that work with minors.
国家建立性侵害、虐待、拐卖、暴力伤害等违法犯罪人员信息查询系统，向密切接触未成年人的单位提供免费查询服务。

强化各方报告义务

Hotel operators should ask children for the phone numbers of their parents or guardians when they try to check in alone or with other adults. The operators must call police quickly if they uncover a suspected crime or violation of the law.
旅馆、宾馆、酒店等住宿经营者接待未成年人入住，或者接待未成年人和成年人共同入住时，应当询问父母或者其他监护人的联系方式等有关情况；发现有违法犯罪嫌疑的，应当立即向公安机关报告。

【相关词汇】

未成年人权益 minor's rights and interests

未成年人身心健康 physical and mental health of youngsters

校园欺凌 school bullying

留守儿童 left-behind children

防沉迷系统 anti-addiction system

参考来源：新华网

（中国日报网英语点津 Helen）