中国妇女社会地位调查：女性“半边天”力量进一步彰显

日前，第四期中国妇女社会地位调查领导小组办公室召开工作交流会，发布主要数据情况。

China has created a better social environment for women's individual overall development and achieved wider recognition of gender equality in the past decade, said the survey.
调查显示，近十年来，我国促进妇女全面发展的社会环境进一步优化，对男女平等的认同也更加广泛。

【知识点】

第四期中国妇女社会地位调查（the Survey on Social Status of Women in China）是继1990年、2000年、2010年三期中国妇女社会地位调查后，由全国妇联（the All-China Women's Federation）和国家统计局（ the National Bureau of Statistics）联合组织实施的又一次全国规模的重要国情、妇情调查。调查内容包括教育、经济、社会保障、参政、婚姻家庭、健康、生活方式、法律认知与人权、性别观念与态度等领域。

本期调查主要结果包括：

In the past decade, women in China have participated extensively in economic and social development. More sectors have opened employment to women and they can perform at nearly the same level as men in economic and social development.
近十年来，女性广泛参与经济社会发展，就业领域进一步拓展，和男性一道比肩走进我国经济社会发展的舞台中央。

女性就业结构进一步优化

Compared with 2010, a smaller proportion of women work in primary industries. Instead, more women chose secondary industries and tertiary industries.
与2010年相比，女性在第一产业就业的比例有所下降，在第二、三产业就业的比例均有提高。

【知识点】

第一产业（primary industries）是指农、林、牧、渔业（agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery，不含农、林、牧、渔服务业）。第二产业（secondary industries）是指采矿业（mining，不含开采辅助活动），制造业（manufacturing，不含金属制品、机械和设备修理业），电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业，建筑业。第三产业（tertiary industries）即服务业（services），是指除第一产业、第二产业以外的其他行业。

About 39.5 percent of women from rural areas found jobs outside agricultural fields, an increase of 15.4 percentage points over 2010, the survey said.
农村在业女性中，非农就业比例为39.5%，比2010年提高15.4个百分点。

公众法治意识和性别平等观念增强

More than 70 percent of respondents said they know it is illegal for companies not to allow female employees to get pregnant within certain years. More than 60 percent said they know it is also illegal for companies not to hire or promote women due to gender discrimination or to pay female workers differently from their male counterparts for the same amount of work.
认为“要求女职工工作几年内不能生孩子”属于违法行为的比例超过70%，认为“因性别而不被录用或晋升”“男女同工不同酬”属于违法行为的比例超过60%。

女性受教育年限明显增长

This survey showed that women aged 18 to 24 receive 12.81 years of education on average, an increase of 1.85 years compared with 2010, and 0.81 years more than men of the same age group on average over the past decade. Meanwhile, more than 97 percent of the women in the age group like to follow national and international news.
18-24岁女性的平均受教育年限为12.81年，比2010年增长1.85年，比同年龄段男性高0.81年。18-24岁女性关注国内外重大事务的比例超过97%。

女性承担家庭照料主要责任

On average, women spend 136 minutes a day taking care of children and other family members. For married women, the average time for daily household chores is 120 minutes.
女性平均每天用于照料/辅导/接送孩子和照料老人/病人等家人的时间为136分钟。已婚女性平均每天家务劳动时间为120分钟。

总体来说，94%左右的被访者认同“女人的能力不比男人差（women are as capable as their male peers）”的说法，以及“妇女在经济社会发展中发挥了半边天作用（women can "hold up half of the sky" in social and economic development）”。

【相关词汇】

性别平等 gender equality
女性权益 women's rights
妇女赋权 women's empowerment
性别收入差距 gender pay gap
性别刻板印象 gender stereotype

参考来源：中国日报、中国妇女报

编辑：Helen